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Peran Pemerintah Bangladesh Dalam Menangatasi Masalah Pekerja Anak Dalam Industri Fast Fashion Tahun 2009-2019

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Peran Pemerintah Bangladesh Dalam Menangatasi Masalah Pekerja Anak Dalam Industri Fast Fashion Tahun 2009-2019 PERAN PEMERINTAH BANGLADESH DALAM MENANGATASI MASALAH PEKERJA ANAK DALAM INDUSTRI FAST FASHION TAHUN 2009-2019 SKRIPSI Diajukan Kepada Program Studi Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya Universitas Islam Indonesia Untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Dari Syarat Guna Memperoleh Derajat Sarjana S1 Hubungan Internasional oleh: Rafi Pasha Hartadiputra 17323085 PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI DAN ILMU SOSIAL BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA 2021 HALAMAN PENGESAHAN Skripsi dengan Judul: PERAN PEMERINTAH BANGLADESH DALAM MENGATASI MASALAH PEKERJA ANAK DALAM INDUSTRI FAST FASHION TAHUN 2009-2019 Dipertahankan di Depan Penguji Skripsi Prodi Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya Universitas Islam Indonesia Untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Dari Syarat-Syarat Guna Memperoleh Derajat Sarjana S1 Hubungan Internasional Pada Tanggal: 7 April 2021 Mengesahkan Program Studi Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya Universitas Islam Indonesia Ketua Program Studi (Hangga Fathana, S.I.P., B.Int.St., M.A) Dewan Penguji: TandaTangan 1. Hadza Min Fadhli Robby, S.IP., M.Sc. 2. Gustri Eni Putri, S.IP., M.A. 3. Hasbi Aswar, S.IP., M.A. HALAMAN PERNYATAAN Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini,saya : Nama : Rafi Pasha Hartadiputra No. Mahasiswa 17323085 Program Studi : Hubungan Internasional Judul Skripsi :Peran Pemerintah Bangladesh dalam Mengatasi Masalah Pekerja Anak dalam Industri Fast Fashion Tahun 2009- 2019 Melalui surat ini saya menyatakan bahwa : Selama melakukan penelitian dan pembuatan laporan penelitian skripsi, saya tidak melakukan tindakan pelanggaran etika akademik dalam bentuk apapun, seperti penjiplakan, pembuatan skripsi oleh orang lain, atau pelanggaran lain yang bertentangan dengan etika akademik yang dinjujung tinggi Universitas Islam Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, skripsi yang saya buat merupakan karya ilmiah saya sebagai peneliti, bukan karena jiplakan atau karya orang lain Apabila dalam ujian skripsi saya terbukti melanggar etika akademik, maka saya siap menerima sanksi sebagaimana aturan yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Indonesia Apabila di kemudian hari, setelah saya lulus dari Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya, Universitas Islam Indonesia, ditemukan bukti secara meyakinkan bahwa skripsi ini adalah karya jiplakan atau karya orang lain, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi akademis yang ditetapkan Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta, 13 April 2021 Rafi Pasha Hartadiputra HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin Karya sederhana ini saya persembahkan untuk: Ayah dan Ibu Atas segala doa, dukungan, perjuangan, pengorbanan, nasehat dan semangat yang tak terhingga, yang telah diberikan selama ini Semua Keluarga Besar Terima Kasih atas doa, nasehat dan bantuan yang telah diberikan selama ini Rekan-rekan HI UII Angkatan 2017 Terima Kasih atas kebersamaan dan perjuangan bersama selama berkuliah di Jurusan Hubungan Internasional Universitas Islam Indonesia KATA PENGANTAR Segala Puji bagi Allah subhanallahu wa ta’allah Tuhan semesta alam, yang Maha Pengasih dan Maha Pemurah. Atas segala nikmat, serta rahmat dan karunia yang telah diberikan-Nya sehingga penulis diberikan kesempatan untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan baik. Tak lupa sholat serta salam yang selalu tercurah limpahkan kepada junjungan Nabi besar Muhammad shallalluhu ‘alaihi wa sallam, keluarga, sahabat dan para jajaran pengikutnya. Penulis menyadari dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini, telah banyak pihak yang memberikan bimbingan, bantuan, dorongan dan tentunya dukungan sepenuh hati. Oleh karena itu, dalam kesempatan ini perkenankan penulis mengucapkan Terima Kasih yang tak terhingga kepada: 1. Allah SWT yang telah memberikan kelancaran, kemudahan serta diberikan kesehatan jasmani dan rohani kepada penulis hingga akhirnya bisa menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan keterbatasan yang dimiliki penulis sendiri 2. Kedua orang tua yang sangat berperan besar dalam mendoakan dan mendukung saya dalam segala hal. Walaupun, terpisahkan oleh jarak saya sangat bersyukur bisa diberikan kepercayaan kepada anak pertamanya untuk merantau di kota pelajar Universitas Islam Indonesia ini. Tentunya berkat doa mereka berdua, Khusunya Bunda sehingga saya diberikan kelancaran dan juga kemudahan untuk menyelesaikan tugas akhir saya ini. 3. Eyang Riswati Indraningsih yang juga selalu mendukung dan mendoakan selama proses perkuliahan dan juga selama proses pengerjaan tugas akhir saya sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikan dengan lancar. 4. Adik saya, Zulvan Neffa Hartdiputra Terima kasih kalian sudah memberikan dukungan dan doa sejak awal kuliah hingga akhirnya sampai tahap ini. Semoga Allah selalu melindungi dan memberikan kesehatan kalian. 5. Rektor Universitas Islam Indonesia, Bapak Fathul Wahid, ST.,M.Sc.,Ph.D. 6. Bapak Dr. H. Fuad Nashori, S.Psi., M.Si., Psikolog selaku Dekan Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya Universitas Islam Indonesia. 7. Bapak Hangga Fathana S.IP., B.Int.St., M.A selaku Ketua Program Studi Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya Universitas Islam Indonesia. 8. Bapak Hadza Min Fadhli Robby, S.IP., M.Sc. selaku dosen pembimbing saya yang telah dengan sabar dan juga pengertian mendampingi, mengarahkan, membimbing saya selama proses pengerjaan tugas akhir ini. Yang mana banyak sekali ilmu dan pelajaran yang beliau berikan kepada saya juga selaku dosen dan khusunya dosen pembimbing tugas akhir. Semoga Bapak selalu mendapatkan lindungan dari Allah SWT. 9. Seluruh dosen Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya Universitas Islam Indonesia atas setiap ilmu yang telah diberikan kepada penulis selama berproses dalam masa perkuliahan sampai saat ini. Tak lupa pula penulis menyampaikan terima kasih kepada Mba Mardiatul Khasanah selaku staff jurusan yang sudah sangat membantu seluruh proses administrasi penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 10. Winanda Aryansyah, Terima kasih udah menjadi teman, sahabat, partner dari segala hal. Dari awal perkuliahan sudah menjadi sahabat yang menemani di saat susah maupun senang, menjadi teman sharing, menjadi teman satu kos, dan juga selalu menjadi teman yang selalu membantu dan mendukung dalam segala hal terlebih lagi saat proses pengerjaan skripsi. Semoga bisa mencapai segala mimpi-mimpi yang diinginkan dan bisa bertemu lagi saat sudah sukses nanti. 11. Syafran Naufal yang telah menjadi teman, sahabat dan juga teman kos bersama Winanda. Terima Kasih sudah memberikan dukungan, doa, dan menemanik selama diperkuliahan dan aktivitas lainnya di Yogyakarta. Terima Kasih telah menjadi teman yang selalu hampir selama 24 jam selalu bersama. Semoga selalu diberikan lindungan oleh Allah SWT dan bisa bertemu lagi saat sudah sukses. 12. Yusril Ikhtiar Muhammad dan Fakhrurazi Terima kasih sudah menjadi Teman, Sahabat, Saudara juga selama di Yogyakarta. Terima Kasih juga sudah menjadi orang-orang yang memotivasi untuk menyelsaikan tugas akhir ini. Untuk Yusril juga terima kasih sudah banyak membantu segala urusan saya selama di Yogyakrta dan Fakhrurazi yang juga banyak mengajarkan hal-hal baru. Semoga kalian selalu mendapatkan lindungan dari Allah SWT dan bisa bertemu lagi saat sudah sukses. DAFTAR ISI SKRIPSI i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ii HALAMAN PERNYATAAN iii HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN iv KATA PENGANTAR v DAFTAR ISI vii DAFTAR TABEL ix DAFTAR SINGKATAN x ABSTRAK 1 BAB I PENDAHULUAN 2 A. Latar Belakang 2 B. Rumusan Masalah 7 Tujuan Penelitian 7 C. Signifikansi 8 D. Cakupan Penelitian 8 E. Tinjauan Pustaka 9 F. Landasan Teori/Konsep/Model 11 G. Metode Penelitian 17 1. Jenis Penelitian 17 2. Subjek dan Objek Penelitian 18 3. Metode Pengumpulan Data 18 4. Proses Penelitian 19 BAB II PERAN-PERAN PEMERINTAH BANGLADESH DALAM MENANGANI MASLAH PEKERJA ANAK DI INDUSTRI FAST FASHION 20 II.1. Faktor yang Membuat Adanya Pekerja Anak di Bangladesh 20 II.2. Industri Garmen di Bangladesh dan Pekerja Anak dalam Industri Garmen di Bangladesh 24 II.3. Legal Framework atau Perjanjian Internasional dalam Masalah Pekerja Anak dan Legal Framework yang telah diratifikasi Pemerintah Bangladesh 27 vii II.4. Instrumen Kebijakan Domestik yang dibuat dalam Masalah Pekerja Anak di Bangladesh 32 II..5. Pihak-Pihak yang Berotoritas dalam Menangani Masalah Pekerja Anak di Bangladesh dan Mekanisme Hukuman Bagi pelanggaran 46 BAB III ANALISIS PERAN PEMERINTAH BANGLADESH MENGGUNAKAN VARIABEL KEWAJIBAN NEGARA UNTUK MELINDUNGI & KEWAJIBAN NEGARA UNTUK MEMENUHI 50 III.1. “Kewajiban Negara untuk Melindungi” atas Human Rights 51 III.2. “Kewajiban Negara untuk Memenuhi” atas Human Rights 61 BAB IV PENUTUP 70 IV.1. Kesimpulan 70 IV.2. Rekomendasi 72 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 75 viii DAFTAR TABEL Table 1. Perjanjian-perjanjian atau Legal Framework Internasional mengenai masalah pekerja anak yang diratifikasi dan tidak diratifiasi oleh pemerintah Bangladesh…………………………………………………………………30 Table 2. Data penegakan hukum kriminal ………………………………...60 Table 3. Data Droput rate Bangladesh 2009-2017…………………………63 ix DAFTAR SINGKATAN CARE : Cooperative for Asistance and Relief Everywhere ILO : International Labour Organzation DIFE : Department of inspection for Factories and Establishment LSM : Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat MOE : Ministry Of Education MOPME : Ministry Of Primary and Mass Education MOLE : Ministry Of Labour and Employment PBB : Persatuan Bangsa-Bangsa UNICEF : United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund x ABSTRAK Kemunculan suatu tren di dunia bernama Fast Fashion mengakibatkan beberapa masalah, salah satunya adalah masalah pekerja anak di industri garmen. Masalah Pekerja Anak ini muncul juga di
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