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A Case Study of the Gift of the Givers

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A Case Study of the Gift of the Givers A CASE STUDY OF THE GIFT OF THE GIVERS Responding to the May 2008 Xenophobic attacks: A CASE STUDY OF THE GIFT OF THE GIVERS by Ashwin Desai Ashwin Desai, University of Johannesburg, Centre for Sociological Research 1 Responding to the May 2008 Xenophobic attacks: A CASE STUDY OF THE GIFT OF THE GIVERS by Ashwin Desai Part I: Executive summary ............................................................... 1 Problems and recommendations ..................................................................................................... 2 Methodology .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Part II: The beginnings .................................................................... 4 The Context ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Life in the Camps .................................................................................................................................... 8 Part III: Voices from the camps ......................................................11 Volunteers ...............................................................................................................................................14 Coalitions .................................................................................................................................................18 Part IV: Typologies of CSOs ........................................................... 21 Gender ......................................................................................................................................................22 Part V: Reflections .......................................................................... 24 Interviews ................................................................................................................................................30 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GIFT OF GIFT OF Part I THE GIVERS ift of the Givers (GOG) was one of the first civil society organisations to provide support to the victims of xenophobic attacks of May 2008. The article closely follows GOG’s support work once people had been moved to the camps. It seeks to quantify the kind of support GOG provided, and evaluates the effects of this support. What theG research reveals is that GOG was very effective in supplying much needed goods like blankets, mattresses, nappies and food and also keeping this support going for a prolonged period. It also was able to draw on its media network to co-ordinate the collection of goods donated by the public, and draw on the work of volunteers to both collect goods and coordinate its distribution. GOG also showed its flexibility in responding to the violence, for example, by diverting blankets collected for its annual “winter warmer campaign” to those living outside police stations and subsequently in the camps. However, what the research reveals is that while GOG supported people who wished to return to their home countries, it did not contemplate support for those who left the camps and who decided to stay on in South Africa. Through interviews with those displaced by the violence and who chose to stay behind, the article illustrates their desperate circumstances. It is suggested that organisations like GOG need to consider ways in which their support work can continue beyond 1 Ð Case study the barbed wire of the camp. The article also shows through the voice of one of a volunteer, the incredible role that ordinary citizens played, but also how once the crisis was over, organisations like GOG failed to integrate volunteers into their work despite the desire of some to continue to work with GOG. Problems & recommendations Funding in a competitive environment Accountability GOG’s funding base is overwhelmingly from South During the response to the xenophobia attacks, the African Muslims, primarily in the form of zakaat ability of GOG to procure funding from corporates, contributions. The field has become increasingly albeit limited, became evident. There are problems, competitive with the spawning of a number of Muslim though. One senior person from a corporate organisations in response to both internal and external organisation who wished to remain anonymous, needs for “relief”. These organisations vie with each held that his organisation would not give financial other for zakaat and television channels like Islam donations to GOG because it lacked the kinds of Channel (UK), with a global reach, which are proving to accountability that they required. The problem for be increasingly popular. The latter has the advantage of GOG is that its effectiveness is linked to its ability bringing into people’s homes the suffering of Muslims to respond quickly to changing needs “on-the- across the globe. By the standards of satellite television ground”, like the R6 million spent on the response to providing a global reach, GOG almost appears quaint, xenophobia. While the corporate world expects GOG even though its own ability to use the media to profile to change its accountability procedures, this may well its work has been impressive. In this changing terrain, blunt its effectiveness. Clearly, the challenge is to get GOG needs to look beyond the Muslim community for the corporates to be flexible. Our recommendation is funding. Its work across religious boundaries will hold that representatives of GOG visit various corporates it in good stead in this regard though, it will have to be with detailed and updated financial statements to careful that in reaching out for new sources of funding, keep sponsors and potential sponsors abreast of it does not alienate its core constituency. developments. Some corporates made cash donations to GOG during the xenophobia response, and were impressed with the way GOG conducted its work. This is a good base to build on. RESPONDING TO THE MAY 2008 XENOPHOBIC ATTACKS RESPONDING TO THE MAY 2 A CASE STUDY OF THE GIFT OF THE GIVERS Defining Field of Operations Paid Help vs. Volunteers GOG’s field of operations has spread over southern GOG needs to re-think its approach to volunteerism. Africa. There is a danger that as it gets bigger and At present it uses volunteers for limited periods and its field of operations widens, its ability to respond purposes only. During the xenophobia response it quickly to crises like Gaza may be negatively affected. relied on volunteers to collect goods, transport them to There is a possibility that by stretching its resources, GOG risks failing to deliver. Caught up in day-to-day camps and distribute them. While Sayed Allauddin, the work, this issue gets insufficient attention within the head of the Johannesburg office, waxed lyrical about organisation. It is our recommendation that GOG starts the response of volunteers, given GOG’s antipathy to both debate this issue, and draw lessons from the to volunteerism in general, once the xenophobia experiences of other NGOs. response was over, the volunteers disappeared, some because their volunteerism was for a limited period, others because GOG did not create a space for them. As Sayed argues, GOG prefers to work with paid employees and a professional staff. Given that many people do want to volunteer in various capacities, GOG should consider inscribing volunteerism as part of its operations. While this would require a changed mindset from the top officials of GOG, the very nature of GOG’s work provides a perfect home for volunteers. The xenophobia response of GOG was to support people until they left the camps. Where they did intervene, it was to help send people home. Yet, as will be shown, those displaced who remained in the country face tremendous problems. GOG needs to consider ways of ongoing support to victims of xenophobia, given the remarkable goodwill it usually develops in its campaigns. Methodology My first encounter with GOG was in June 2008 at a camp for those displaced by the xenophobic attacks. GOG supplied the camp with food, blankets, and basic goods daily. Its consistent support for the camp stimulated an interest in the organisation. This started a series of conversations with the central figures in GOG, and resulted in my joining the organisation on visits to other projects like the Adelaide Tambo School in Soweto. As the project unfolded, these ongoing conversations were recorded by a research assistant, and this forms the main base of the report. In addition to conversations, the report is also based on participant observation, unstructured in-depth interviews with the leadership of the organisation, publicity documents, media releases and newspaper articles. 3 THE BEGINNINGS GIFT OF GIFT OF Part II THE GIVERS he head of GOG is Imtiaz Sooliman, a well-known figure in the world of humanitarian missions. The organisation was started in August 1992 and ran its operations from one room in his Pietermaritzburg home. T By the time of the 2008 attacks, it could lay claim to being the largest private humanitarian disaster relief organisation headquartered in Africa.1 GOG was following in the footsteps of organisations that had grown in Europe through the 1970s. These were private organisations as opposed to state sponsored, and were bent on having a global 1 By 2009 it listed the following projects: Disaster Response and Rehabilitation; Primary Health Care Clinics; Water provision; Hunger Alleviation; Nutrition Supplements; Hospital Interventions; Malaria Prevention; Agricultural
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