Light Pollution & Biodiversity: What Are the Levers of Action to Limit the Impact of Artificial Lighting on Nocturnal Fauna
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Correspondence Between Ecomorphotype and Use of Arthropod Resources by Bats of the Genus Myotis
Journal of Mammalogy, 99(3):659–667, 2018 DOI:10.1093/jmammal/gyy049 Published online May 14, 2018 Correspondence between ecomorphotype and use of arthropod resources by bats of the genus Myotis Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-abstract/99/3/659/4996004 by University of Connecticut user on 17 September 2018 CINTYA A. SEGURA-TRUJILLO, MICHAEL R. WILLIG, AND SERGIO TICUL ÁLVAREZ-CASTAÑEDA* Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Baja California Sur, México (CAS-T, STA-C) Center for Environmental Sciences & Engineering and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 3107 Horsebarn Hill Road, Storrs, CT 06269-4210, USA (MRW) * Correspondent: [email protected] Arthropods are the primary dietary constituents of species of the genus Myotis. The genus comprises 3 ecomorphotypes of polyphyletic origin, each associated with a different foraging strategy: aerial, trawling, and gleaning, related to the subgenera Selysius, Leuconoe, and Myotis, respectively. We explored the extent to which differences in diet characterized these ecomorphotypes. Based on a broad review of the literature, we classified the diet of species of Myotis based on hardness and vagility of consumed prey. A significant negative relationship was found between the percent volume consumption of hard and soft arthropods and between the aerodynamic characteristics of fast- and slow-flying prey. A cluster analysis yielded 3 groups of Myotis species based on their diet: 1) those for which hard prey represent more than 80% of the volume of excreta; 2) those for which hard prey represent 45% to 80% of the volume of excreta; and 3) those for which hard prey represent less than 45% of the volume of excreta. -
Birds of the East Texas Baptist University Campus with Birds Observed Off-Campus During BIOL3400 Field Course
Birds of the East Texas Baptist University Campus with birds observed off-campus during BIOL3400 Field course Photo Credit: Talton Cooper Species Descriptions and Photos by students of BIOL3400 Edited by Troy A. Ladine Photo Credit: Kenneth Anding Links to Tables, Figures, and Species accounts for birds observed during May-term course or winter bird counts. Figure 1. Location of Environmental Studies Area Table. 1. Number of species and number of days observing birds during the field course from 2005 to 2016 and annual statistics. Table 2. Compilation of species observed during May 2005 - 2016 on campus and off-campus. Table 3. Number of days, by year, species have been observed on the campus of ETBU. Table 4. Number of days, by year, species have been observed during the off-campus trips. Table 5. Number of days, by year, species have been observed during a winter count of birds on the Environmental Studies Area of ETBU. Table 6. Species observed from 1 September to 1 October 2009 on the Environmental Studies Area of ETBU. Alphabetical Listing of Birds with authors of accounts and photographers . A Acadian Flycatcher B Anhinga B Belted Kingfisher Alder Flycatcher Bald Eagle Travis W. Sammons American Bittern Shane Kelehan Bewick's Wren Lynlea Hansen Rusty Collier Black Phoebe American Coot Leslie Fletcher Black-throated Blue Warbler Jordan Bartlett Jovana Nieto Jacob Stone American Crow Baltimore Oriole Black Vulture Zane Gruznina Pete Fitzsimmons Jeremy Alexander Darius Roberts George Plumlee Blair Brown Rachel Hastie Janae Wineland Brent Lewis American Goldfinch Barn Swallow Keely Schlabs Kathleen Santanello Katy Gifford Black-and-white Warbler Matthew Armendarez Jordan Brewer Sheridan A. -
Predation on Vertebrates by Neotropical Passerine Birds Leonardo E
Lundiana 6(1):57-66, 2005 © 2005 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - UFMG ISSN 1676-6180 Predation on vertebrates by Neotropical passerine birds Leonardo E. Lopes1,2, Alexandre M. Fernandes1,3 & Miguel Â. Marini1,4 1 Depto. de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-910, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 2 Current address: Lab. de Ornitologia, Depto. de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-910, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]. 3 Current address: Coleções Zoológicas, Aves, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, INPA II, 69083-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]. 4 Current address: Lab. de Ornitologia, Depto. de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We investigated if passerine birds act as important predators of small vertebrates within the Neotropics. We surveyed published studies on bird diets, and information on labels of museum specimens, compiling data on the contents of 5,221 stomachs. Eighteen samples (0.3%) presented evidence of predation on vertebrates. Our bibliographic survey also provided records of 203 passerine species preying upon vertebrates, mainly frogs and lizards. Our data suggest that vertebrate predation by passerines is relatively uncommon in the Neotropics and not characteristic of any family. On the other hand, although rare, the ability to prey on vertebrates seems to be widely distributed among Neotropical passerines, which may respond opportunistically to the stimulus of a potential food item. -
Artificial Water Catchments Influence Wildlife Distribution in the Mojave
The Journal of Wildlife Management; DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21654 Research Article Artificial Water Catchments Influence Wildlife Distribution in the Mojave Desert LINDSEY N. RICH,1,2 Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California- Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA STEVEN R. BEISSINGER, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California- Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA JUSTIN S. BRASHARES, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California- Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA BRETT J. FURNAS, Wildlife Investigations Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670, USA ABSTRACT Water often limits the distribution and productivity of wildlife in arid environments. Consequently, resource managers have constructed artificial water catchments (AWCs) in deserts of the southwestern United States, assuming that additional free water benefits wildlife. We tested this assumption by using data from acoustic and camera trap surveys to determine whether AWCs influenced the distributions of terrestrial mammals (>0.5 kg), birds, and bats in the Mojave Desert, California, USA. We sampled 200 sites in 2016–2017 using camera traps and acoustic recording units, 52 of which had AWCs. We identified detections to the species-level, and modeled occupancy for each of the 44 species of wildlife photographed or recorded. Artificial water catchments explained spatial variation in occupancy for 8 terrestrial mammals, 4 bats, and 18 bird species. Occupancy of 18 species was strongly and positively associated with AWCs, whereas 1 species (i.e., horned lark [Eremophila alpestris]) was negatively associated. Access to an AWC had a larger influence on species’ distributions than precipitation and slope and was nearly as influential as temperature. -
Biodiversity and Ecological Potential of Plum Island, New York
Biodiversity and ecological potential of Plum Island, New York New York Natural Heritage Program i New York Natural Heritage Program The New York Natural Heritage Program The NY Natural Heritage Program is a partnership NY Natural Heritage has developed two notable between the NYS Department of Environmental online resources: Conservation Guides include the Conservation (NYS DEC) and The Nature Conservancy. biology, identification, habitat, and management of many Our mission is to facilitate conservation of rare animals, of New York’s rare species and natural community rare plants, and significant ecosystems. We accomplish this types; and NY Nature Explorer lists species and mission by combining thorough field inventories, scientific communities in a specified area of interest. analyses, expert interpretation, and the most comprehensive NY Natural Heritage also houses iMapInvasives, an database on New York's distinctive biodiversity to deliver online tool for invasive species reporting and data the highest quality information for natural resource management. planning, protection, and management. In 1990, NY Natural Heritage published Ecological NY Natural Heritage was established in 1985 and is a Communities of New York State, an all inclusive contract unit housed within NYS DEC’s Division of classification of natural and human-influenced Fish, Wildlife & Marine Resources. The program is communities. From 40,000-acre beech-maple mesic staffed by more than 25 scientists and specialists with forests to 40-acre maritime beech forests, sea-level salt expertise in ecology, zoology, botany, information marshes to alpine meadows, our classification quickly management, and geographic information systems. became the primary source for natural community NY Natural Heritage maintains New York’s most classification in New York and a fundamental reference comprehensive database on the status and location of for natural community classifications in the northeastern rare species and natural communities. -
Variation in the Bout Structure of Northern Mockingbird (Mimus Polyglottus) Singing
Bird Behavior, Vol. 13, pp. 93–98, 2000 1056-1383/00 $20.00 + .00 Printed in the USA. All rights reserved Copyright © 2000 Cognizant Comm. Corp. Variation in the Bout Structure of Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottus) Singing NICHOLAS S. THOMPSON,* EMILY ABBEY,* JESSICA WAPNER,* CHERYL LOGAN,† PETER G. MERRITT,‡ AND ALBERT POOTH§ *Departments of Biology and Psychology, Clark University, Worcester, MA †Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC ‡Treasure Coast Regional Planning Council, Stuart, FL §Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL The highly variable singing of the northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottus) is distinguishable from that of other sympatric mimids by its organization into bouts: the bird’s tendency to repeat an element several times before proceeding to another. To determine the degree to which this bout structure is a common feature of mockingbird song, 10 samples of singing from widely different populations and circumstances were examined including examples from coastal and central New England, central North Carolina, and the Florida peninsula and examples of day and night and spring and summer song. Measures included note parameters (peak frequency, internote interval, and note duration) and bout parameters (songs per bout and mean values of note parameters). All samples were found to be organized in bouts, but the degree of differentiation of the bouts (i.e., the degree to which the boundaries between bouts were emphasized by the contrast between their songs) varied both within and between samples. Bout differentiation was not maxi- mized: songs of bouts sung in close temporal proximity were more similar than average, and the perfor- mance overall seemed to consist of runs of high and low values of note and/or bout parameters. -
Euploea Alcathoe Enastri
THREATENED SPECIES SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Established under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 The Minister approved this listing advice and deleted this species from the Endangered category, effective from 11/05/2018 Listing Advice Euploea alcathoe enastri Gove crow butterfly Summary of assessment Conservation status Euploea alcathoe enastri has been found to be not eligible for listing in any category, as outlined in the attached assessment. Reason for conservation assessment by the Threatened Species Scientific Committee This advice follows assessment of information provided by the Northern Territory as part of the Common Assessment Method process, to systematically review species that are inconsistently listed under the EPBC Act and relevant state/territory legislation or lists. More information on the Common Assessment Method is available at: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/cam The information in this assessment has been compiled by the relevant state/territory government. Public consultation Notice of the proposed amendment and a consultation document was made available for public comment for 33 business days between 3 October 2017 and 16 November 2017. Any comments received that were relevant to the survival of the species were considered by the Committee as part of the assessment process. Recommendations (i) The Committee recommends that the list referred to in section 178 of the EPBC Act be amended by deleting from the list in the Endangered category: Euploea alcathoe enastri Threatened Species Scientific Committee 28 February 2018 Euploea alcathoe enastri (Gove crow butterfly) Listing Advice Assessment summary Current conservation status Scientific name: Euploea alcathoe enastri Common name: Gove Crow Butterfly Family name: Nymphalidae Fauna Flora Nomination for: Listing Change of status/criteria Delisting 1. -
Mimus Gilvus (Tropical Mockingbird) Family: Mimidae (Mockingbirds) Order: Passeriformes (Perching Birds) Class: Aves (Birds)
UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Behaviour Mimus gilvus (Tropical Mockingbird) Family: Mimidae (Mockingbirds) Order: Passeriformes (Perching Birds) Class: Aves (Birds) Fig. 1. Tropical mockingbird, Mimus gilvus. [http://asawright.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Tropical-Mockingbird.jpg, downloaded 16 November 2014] TRAITS. The tropical mockingbird is a songbird that can be identified by its ashy colour; grey body upperparts and white underparts. It has long legs, blackish wings with white bars and a long blackish tail with white edges. The juvenile is duller and browner than adults with a chest slightly spotted brown. The average length and weight of the bird is 23-25cm and 54g respectively (Hoyo Calduch et al., 2005). It has yellow eyes and a short, slender, slightly curved black bill. There is no apparent sexual dimorphism (Soberanes-González et al., 2010). It is the neotropical counterpart to the northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos), with its main difference being that the tropical mockingbird has less white in its wings and primaries (flight feathers). ECOLOGY. Mimus gilvus is found in open habitats ranging from savanna or farmland to human habitation. These birds are geographically distributed from southern Mexico to northern South America to coastal Eastern Brazil and the Southern Lesser Antilles, including Trinidad and Tobago (Coelho et al., 2011). The tropical mockingbird may have been introduced into Trinidad UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Behaviour and Panama, but these are now resident populations. It builds its cup-like nest in thick bushes or shrubbery with sticks and roots about 2-3m off the ground (Hoyo Calduch et al., 2005). -
Northern Mockingbird (Mimus Polyglottos) Deaver D
Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) Deaver D. Armstrong Goose Island State Park, TX 4/7/2006 © John Van Orman (Click to view a comparison of Atlas I to II) The Northern Mockingbird’s incredible ability Distribution The Northern Mockingbird was first listed in to not only imitate but also remember up to 200 Michigan by Sager (1839). Barrows (1912) different “songs” is well known (Kroodsma called it a rare summer visitor to southern 2005). This remarkable bird uses songs of other Michigan and attributed at least some of the bird species and non-bird species and even reports to escaped caged birds. Wood (1951) copies sounds of mechanical devices like mentioned a total of seven nest records between telephones and sirens. Historically, the bird was 1910 and 1934, all in the SLP in counties which captured and caged for this very ability and have records in both Atlases and most other many early records in Michigan were historical accounts (Zimmerman and Van Tyne discounted as being attributed to escaped pets 1959, Payne 1983). Zimmerman and Van Tyne (Sprunt 1948, Barrows 1912). (1959) added records from Clare and Cheboygan Counties in the NLP. Payne (1983) The Northern Mockingbird regularly breeds as added 16 more counties to the list of those far north as the southern part of the eastern reporting Northern Mockingbirds in the provinces of Canada west to Ontario and then breeding season. Most of these newly added only casually north of a line drawn west across counties were in the NLP and the western UP. the U.S. from the southern half of Michigan. -
The Potential Ecological Impact of Ash Dieback in the UK
JNCC Report No. 483 The potential ecological impact of ash dieback in the UK Mitchell, R.J., Bailey, S., Beaton, J.K., Bellamy, P.E., Brooker, R.W., Broome, A., Chetcuti, J., Eaton, S., Ellis, C.J., Farren, J., Gimona, A., Goldberg, E., Hall, J., Harmer, R., Hester, A.J., Hewison, R.L., Hodgetts, N.G., Hooper, R.J., Howe, L., Iason, G.R., Kerr, G., Littlewood, N.A., Morgan, V., Newey, S., Potts, J.M., Pozsgai, G., Ray, D., Sim, D.A., Stockan, J.A., Taylor, A.F.S. & Woodward, S. January 2014 © JNCC, Peterborough 2014 ISSN 0963 8091 For further information please contact: Joint Nature Conservation Committee Monkstone House City Road Peterborough PE1 1JY www.jncc.defra.gov.uk This report should be cited as: Mitchell, R.J., Bailey, S., Beaton, J.K., Bellamy, P.E., Brooker, R.W., Broome, A., Chetcuti, J., Eaton, S., Ellis, C.J., Farren, J., Gimona, A., Goldberg, E., Hall, J., Harmer, R., Hester, A.J., Hewison, R.L., Hodgetts, N.G., Hooper, R.J., Howe, L., Iason, G.R., Kerr, G., Littlewood, N.A., Morgan, V., Newey, S., Potts, J.M., Pozsgai, G., Ray, D., Sim, D.A., Stockan, J.A., Taylor, A.F.S. & Woodward, S. 2014. The potential ecological impact of ash dieback in the UK. JNCC Report No. 483 Acknowledgements: We thank Keith Kirby for his valuable comments on vegetation change associated with ash dieback. For assistance, advice and comments on the invertebrate species involved in this review we would like to thank Richard Askew, John Badmin, Tristan Bantock, Joseph Botting, Sally Lucker, Chris Malumphy, Bernard Nau, Colin Plant, Mark Shaw, Alan Stewart and Alan Stubbs. -
Breeding Season Diet of the Floreana Mockingbird (Mimus Trifasciatus), a Micro-Endemic Species from the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
196 Notornis, 2014, Vol. 61: 196-199 0029-4470 © The Ornithological Society of New Zealand Inc. Breeding season diet of the Floreana mockingbird (Mimus trifasciatus), a micro-endemic species from the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador LUIS ORTIZ-CATEDRAL Ecology and Conservation Group, Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102-904, Auckland, New Zealand Abstract I conducted observations on the diet of the Floreana mockingbird (Mimus trifasciatus) during its breeding season in February and March 2011. The Floreana mockingbird is a critically endangered species restricted to Gardner and Champion Islets off the coast of Floreana Island, in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. During 11 days, 172 feeding bouts of adult and nestling mockingbirds were observed. The majority of feeding bouts of adults (31%; 19 feeding bouts) involved the consumption of nectar and pollen of Opuntia megasperma. Another important food item consisted of Lepidopteran caterpillars (27%; 17 feeding bouts). The majority of food items fed to nestlings consisted of Lepidopteran caterpillars (26%; 29 observations), followed by adult spiders (19%; 21 observations). The reintroduction of the species to its historical range on Floreana Island is currently being planned with an emphasis on the control or eradication of invasive cats and rats. To identify key areas for reintroduction, a study on the year-round diet of the species as well as availability and variability of food items is recommended. Nectar and pollen of Opuntia megasperma was an important dietary item for the species during its breeding season. This slow-growing plant species was widespread on the lowlands of Floreana Island but introduced grazers removed Opuntia from most of its range. -
2020-2021 NEBRASKA BIRD LIST See Science Olympiad General Rules, Eye Protection & Other Policies on As They Apply to Every Event
2020-2021 NEBRASKA BIRD LIST See Science Olympiad General Rules, Eye Protection & other Policies on www.soinc.org as they apply to every event Kingdom – ANIMALIA ORDER: Pelecaniformes ORDER: Gruiformes Pelicans (Pelecanidae) Rails, Gallinules, and Coots (Rallidae) Phylum – CHORDATA American White Pelican Pelecanus Clapper Rail Rallus longirostris Subphylum – VERTEBRATA erythrorhynchos Sora Bitterns, Herons, and Allies Purple Gallinule Class - AVES (Ardeidae) American Coot Family Group (Family Name) American Bittern Cranes (Gruidae) Common Name Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias Sandhill Crane Antigone canadensis [Scientific name is in italics] Snowy Egret Egretta thula Whooping Crane Grus americana Green Heron ORDER: Anseriformes Black-crowned Night-heron ORDER: Charadriiformes Ducks, Geese, and Swans (Anatidae) Ibises and Spoonbills Lapwings and Plovers (Charadriidae) Black-bellied Whistling-duck (Threskiornithidae) American Golden-Plover Snow Goose Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja Piping Plover Charadrius melodus Canada Goose Branta canadensis Killdeer Charadrius vociferus Trumpeter Swan ORDER: Suliformes Oystercatchers (Haematopodidae) Wood Duck Aix sponsa Cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae) American Oystercatcher Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Double-crested Cormorant Stilts and Avocets (Recurvirostridae) Northern Shoveler Phalacrocorax auritus Black-necked Stilt Green-winged Teal Darters (Anhingida) American Avocet Recurvirostra Canvasback Anhinga Anhinga anhinga americana Hooded Merganser Frigatebirds (Fregatidae) Sandpipers, Phalaropes,