(Pyrgulopsis Robusta), Harney Lake Springsnail (Pyrgulopsis Hendersoni), and Columbia Springsnail (Pyrgulopsis New Species 6) As Threatened Or Endangered
PETITION BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR Petition to List the Jackson Lake springsnail (Pyrgulopsis robusta), Harney Lake springsnail (Pyrgulopsis hendersoni), and Columbia springsnail (Pyrgulopsis new species 6) as Threatened or Endangered Submitted by: Dr. Peter Bowler, Biodiversity Conservation Alliance, Center for Biological Diversity, Center for Native Ecosystems, Western Watersheds Project, The Xerces Society July 2004 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Invertebrates comprise nearly 99% of the world’s animal diversity and play an invaluable role in maintaining environmental health and integrity. Invertebrates are a part of nearly every food chain, are responsible for recycling plant and animal waste in soils and waters, and are crucial to ensuring the perpetuation of food webs. Mollusks, invertebrates characterized by their shells and which include snails, slugs, clams, mussels, and other creatures, are one of the most diverse group of animals in the world. Worldwide, it is estimated that 50,000-200,000 different mollusk species exist on land and in freshwater. These species exist in an incredible diversity of environments, playing a vital role in sustaining clean and healthy air, soil, water, and vegetation. In the western United States, which includes the states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming, land and freshwater mollusks are probably the most diverse group of animals and comprise an irreplaceable proportion of worldwide diversity. Over a thousand species of snails, slugs, clams, and mussels are found on land and in freshwater. Scientists estimate hundreds more species have yet to be discovered. Some species in the west exist in only one or two locations, such as a desert spring, a stand of ancient forest, or a coastal island, and are found nowhere else in the world.
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