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Improving Dissemination Strategies to Increase Technology Adoption by Smallholders in the Tunisian Arid

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Improving Dissemination Strategies to Increase Technology Adoption by Smallholders in the Tunisian Arid TECHNICAL REPORT Improving Dissemination Strategies to Increase Technology Adoption by Smallholders in the Tunisian Arid Land Areas: An assessment from follow up survey Boubaker Dhehibi (1), Udo Rudiger (2), and Mohamed Zied Dhraief (3) (1) Resilient Agricultural Livelihood Systems (RALS) - International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) – Amman, Jordan. (2) Resilient Agricultural Livelihood Systems (RALS) - International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) – Tunis, Tunisia. (3) Department of Agricultural Economics (DAE) - National Institute for Agronomic Research of Tunisia (INRAT), Ariana – Tunisia. MAY 2019 Table of contents List of Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Objectives........................................................................................................................................ 4 3. Study Areas ..................................................................................................................................... 4 The Tunisian satellite site includes Zaghouan and Kairouan governorates....................................... 4 3.1. Zaghouan Governorate .......................................................................................................... 4 3.2. Kairouan governorate ................................................................................................................ 5 4. Methodological framework ............................................................................................................ 6 5. Baseline Characterization .............................................................................................................. 7 5.1. Module 0: Identification of the household ............................................................................ 7 5.2. Module A: Household demographic data ............................................................................ 10 5.3. Module B: Characteristics of the main house .................................................................... 27 5.4. Module C. Household assets ............................................................................................... 31 5.5. Module D. Land owned per hectare .................................................................................... 38 5.6. Module E: Crop management and input use ...................................................................... 46 5.7. Module F: Livestock possession and marketing ................................................................ 75 5.8. Module G: Livestock technology .......................................................................................... 87 5.9. Module H : Livestock alimentation .................................................................................... 101 5.10. Module I. Technology awareness and uptake .............................................................. 118 5.11. Module J: technology perception ................................................................................... 132 5.12. Module K: Social networks ............................................................................................ 144 5.13. Module L : Other sources of income and transfer ........................................................ 156 5.14. Module M : Non food expenditure ................................................................................. 161 5.15. Module N: Access to socioeconomic infrastructure ..................................................... 167 5.16. Module O: Shocks ........................................................................................................... 172 5.17. Module P: Day food recall .............................................................................................. 176 6. Concluding remarks and policy implications ............................................................................ 187 List of Acronyms CRDA Regional Department for Agricultural Development GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit Ha Hectare HH Household Head ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas INRAT National Agronomic Research Institute of Tunisia Kg Kilograms L Liter M3 Cubic meter OEP Office of Livestock and Pasture RCT Randomized Controlled Trials SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences List of Tables Table 1. Repartition of sample / Governorate & Delegation .............................................................................. 6 Table 2. Number of months the household member is away from home ........................................................ 12 Table 3. Number of new member in the household by governorate, % ........................................................... 17 Table 4. Ages of new HH members by governorate........................................................................................... 20 Table 5. Years of formal education by governorate (number) .......................................................................... 20 Table 6. Number of months the new household member is away from home ................................................ 23 Table 7. New member years’ experience in agriculture by governorate .......................................................... 25 Table 8. Amount of Household assets in both governorates, % ....................................................................... 35 Table 9 . Land area by governorate (hectare) .................................................................................................... 38 Table 10.Households without own land by governorate, % .............................................................................. 39 Table 11.Land use by governorate, hectare ...................................................................................................... 40 Table 12.Area of the renting plots by governorate (Hectare) ........................................................................... 42 Table 13.Cost of the renting plots by governorate (TND) .................................................................................. 44 Table 14.Communal pasture area in hectare by governorate .......................................................................... 45 Table 15.Communal pasture days by governorate ............................................................................................ 45 Table 16.Size of the plots .................................................................................................................................... 47 Table 17. Quantity of sowing (total kg used on the plot1) ................................................................................ 55 Table 18. Seed price (TND/Kg) ........................................................................................................................... 56 Table 19. Sowing date, % .................................................................................................................................... 57 Table 20. Total cost of seed treatment (TND) .................................................................................................... 58 Table 21. Manure unit, % .................................................................................................................................... 58 Table 22. Quantity of manure (Ton) .................................................................................................................... 59 Table 23. Purchase price of manure (TND/Ton) ................................................................................................ 59 Table 24. Quantities of basal fertilizer (Kg) ........................................................................................................ 61 Table 25. Cost of basal fertilizer (TND/kg) ......................................................................................................... 61 Table 26. Quantities of Cover fertilizer (Kg) ....................................................................................................... 63 Table 27. Cost of cover fertilizer (TND/kg) ......................................................................................................... 63 Table 28. Herbicides applications in the last 12 months ................................................................................. 64 Table 29. Hiring the workforce by activity in the last 12 months, % ................................................................ 65 Table 30. Number of working days ..................................................................................................................... 66 Table 31. Labor cost per day (man) .................................................................................................................... 66 Table 32. Use of machines by activity in the last 12 months ........................................................................... 67 Table 33. Access to machine in the last 12 months ......................................................................................... 68 Table 34. Cost per hour of the rented machine in the last 12 months ............................................................ 69 Table 35. Number of hours of rented machine in the last
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