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Regional Energy Deployment System (Reeds) Model Documentation Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model Documentation: Version 2019 Maxwell Brown, Wesley Cole, Kelly Eurek, Jon Becker, David Bielen, Ilya Chernyakhovskiy, Stuart Cohen, Will Frazier, Pieter Gagnon, Nathaniel Gates, Daniel Greer, Sai Sameera Gudladona, Jonathan Ho, Paige Jadun, Katherine Lamb, Trieu Mai, Matthew Mowers, Caitlin Murphy, Amy Rose, Anna Schleifer, Daniel Steinberg, Yinong Sun, Nina Vincent, Ella Zhou, and Matthew Zwerling National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy NREL/TP-6A20-74111 Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC March 2020 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model Documentation: Version 2019 Maxwell Brown, Wesley Cole, Kelly Eurek, Jon Becker, David Bielen, Ilya Chernyakhovskiy, Stuart Cohen, Will Frazier, Pieter Gagnon, Nathaniel Gates, Daniel Greer, SaiSameera Gudladona, Jonathan Ho, Paige Jadun, Katherine Lamb, Trieu Mai, Matthew Mowers, Caitlin Murphy, Amy Rose, Anna Schleifer, Daniel Steinberg, Yinong Sun, Nina Vincent, Ella Zhou, and Matthew Zwerling National Renewable Energy Laboratory Suggested Citation Brown, Maxwell, Wesley Cole, Kelly Eurek, Jon Becker, David Bielen, Ilya Chernyakhovskiy, Stuart Cohen et al. 2020. Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) Model Documentation: Version 2019. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/TP-6A20-74111. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy20osti/74111.pdf. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Technical Report Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy NREL/TP-6A20-74111 Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC March 2020 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, CO 80401 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov NOTICE This work was authored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Solar Energy Technologies Office and Office of Strategic Programs. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reports produced after 1991 and a growing number of pre-1991 documents are available free via www.OSTI.gov. Cover Photos by Dennis Schroeder: (clockwise, left to right) NREL 51934, NREL 45897, NREL 42160, NREL 45891, NREL 48097, NREL 46526. NREL prints on paper that contains recycled content. Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge the many people whose efforts contributed to this report. The ReEDS modeling and analysis team at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) was active in developing and testing the ReEDS model version 2019. We also acknowledge the vast number of current and past NREL employees on and beyond the ReEDS team who have participated in data and model development, testing, and analysis. We are especially grateful to Walter Short who first envisioned and developed the Wind Deployment System (WinDS) and ReEDS models. We thank Walter Short, Ella Zhou, Owen Zinaman, Laura Vimmerstedt, Jeffrey Logan, Cara Marcy, Gokul Iyer, and Mike Meshek for their comments and improvements on successive versions of this report. Finally, we are grateful to all those who helped sponsor ReEDS model development and analysis, particularly supporters from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) but also others who have funded our work over the years. This report was funded by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under contract number DE- AC36-08GO28308. Any errors or omissions are the sole responsibility of the authors. ReEDS Team Members for version 2019 Jon Becker Pieter Gagnon Caitlin Murphy Dave Bielen Nathaniel Gates Amy Rose Maxwell Brown Danny Greer Anna Schleifer Ilya Chernyakhovskiy Sameera Gudladona Daniel Steinberg Stuart Cohen Jonathan Ho Yinong Sun Wesley Cole Paige Jadun Nina Vincent Kelly Eurek Katie Lamb Ella Zhou Will Frazier Trieu Mai Matthew Zwerling Bethany Frew Matthew Mowers iii This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. List of Abbreviations and Acronyms AC alternating current AEO Annual Energy Outlook ATB Annual Technology Baseline BA balancing area CAES compressed-air energy storage CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule CC combined cycle CCS carbon capture and sequestration CES clean energy standard CF capacity factor CFL compact fluorescent lamp CO2 carbon dioxide CMIP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project CPP Clean Power Plan CPUC California Public Utilities Commission CSAPR Cross-State Air Pollution Rule CSP concentrating solar power CT combustion turbine CV capacity value DC direct current DG distributed generation DNI direct normal insolation DOE U.S. Department of Energy DSIRE Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency DUPV distribution-side utility-scale photovoltaic EAC early action credit EGR enhanced gas recovery EGS enhanced geothermal system EIA U.S. Energy Information Administration ELCC effective load carrying capability EMM Electricity Market Module EOR enhanced oil recovery EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ERC emission rate credit ERCOT Electric Reliability Council of Texas FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission GCM general circulation model GHG greenhouse gas GIS geographic information systems GW gigawatt HMI U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Hydropower Modernization Initiative HSIP Homeland Security Infrastructure Project HVDC high-voltage direct current IGCC integrated gasification combined cycle IOU investor-owned utility iv This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. IPM U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Planning Model IPP independent power producer ISO independent system operator IRS Internal Revenue Service ITC investment tax credit JEDI Jobs and Economic Development Impact model km2 square kilometer kV kilovolt kW kilowatt kWh kilowatt hour LCOE levelized cost of energy LDC load-duration curve LED light-emitting diode LOLP loss of load probability MACRS Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System MATS Mercury and Air Toxic Standards MMBtu million British thermal units MPI materials price index MW megawatt MWh megawatt hour NaS sodium-sulfur NEB Canadian National Energy Board NEMS National Energy Modeling System NERC North American Electric Reliability Corporation NG natural gas NHAAP National Hydropower Asset Assessment Program NLDC net load-duration curve NOx nitrogen oxide NPD non-powered dam NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission NREL National Renewable Energy Lab NSD new stream-reach development NSRDB National Solar Radiation Database O&M operation and maintenance OGS oil-gas steam PCM production-cost model PRODESEN Mexican Programa de Desarrollo del Sistema Eléctrico Nacional PSH pumped storage hydropower PTC production tax credit PV photovoltaic RCP representative concentration pathway REC renewable energy certificate ReEDS Regional Energy Deployment System reV Renewable Energy Potential tool RGGI Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative RLDC residual load-duration curve v This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. RPS renewable portfolio standard RROE rate of return on equity RTO regional transmission organization SAM System Advisor Model SENER Secretaría de Energía for Mexico SM solar multiple SO2 sulfur dioxide T&D transmission and distribution TDY typical direct normal insolation year TEPPC Transmission Expansion Planning Policy Committee TRG techno-resource group tCO2 metric ton of carbon dioxide TW terawatt TWh terawatt hour UPV utility-scale photovoltaic VRE variable renewable energy WACC weighted average cost of capital WECC Western Electricity Coordination Council WIND Wind Integration National Dataset WinDS Wind Deployment System vi This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Table of Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 ReEDS History .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Summary of Major Changes ......................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Summary of Caveats ..................................................................................................................... 3 2 Modeling Framework ............................................................................................................................ 5 2.1 Model Structure ............................................................................................................................
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