DOCSLIB.ORG

UNEP Guide for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Laws

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

UNEP Guide for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Laws United Nations Environment Programme, Pace University Law School Energy and Climate Center UNEP United Nations Environment Programme i Published by the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) September 2016 UNEP Guide for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Laws – English ISBN No: 978-92-807-3609-0 Job No: DEL/2045/NA Reproduction This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational and non profit pur- poses without special permission from the copyright holder, provided that acknowledgement of the source is made. UN Environment Programme will appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this material as a source. No use of this publication can be made for the resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without the prior permission in writing of UN Environment Programme. Application for such permission with a statement of purpose of the reproduction should be addressed to the Communications Division, of the UN Environment Programme, P.O BOX 30552, Nairobi 00100 Kenya. The use of information from this document for publicity of advertising is not permitted. Disclaimer The contents and views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the UN Environment Programme or its member states. The designations employed and the presentation of materials in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UN Environ- ment concerning the legal status of any country, territory or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. Mention of a commercial company or product in this document does not imply endorsement by UN Environment. Trademark names and symbols are used in an editorial fashion with no intention or infringement on trademark or copyright laws. Produced by Law Division, UN Environment Programme P.O.BOX 30552, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 20 7623365 Email: [email protected] www.unep.org ii UNEP GUIDE FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY LAWS Editor-in-Chief RICHARD OTTINGER Editors ADRIAN J. BRADBROOK LAL KURUKULASURIYA KARL R. RABAGO MARK RADKA Authors ADRIAN J. BRADBROOK JOHN BOWIE DAVID GOLDSTEIN DAVID R. HODAS KATHERINE KENNEDY TERESA MALYSHEV PHILIP MUSEGAAS RICHARD L. OTTINGER ETHAN ROGERS ALEXANDRA WARWYK IBIBIA WORIKA Case Study Authors CHO SUNJA (Korea) SHAKEEL KAZMI (Pakistan) TUMAI MUROMBO (South Africa) VICTOR TAFUR (Colombia) JUAN ANTONIO OPPOSA (Philippeans) NANA SAFO & EUGENE OPOKU-SEREBUOH (Ghana) Research Assistants Damian Etone, Rebecca Mahony, Michaela Okininski (Australia); Uzuazoe Etermire (Nigeria); Peter Black, John Bowie, Sarah Main, Conor Strong (U.S.) iii Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS IV FOREWORD VI ABOUT THE GUIDE VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY X SECTION ONE: ISSUES OF GENERAL APPLICATION 1 1A. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS 1 1B. DISCLOSURE AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 7 1C. ENFORCEMENT 10 1D. PRICING 13 1E. EDUCATION AND TRAINING 15 1F. REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS 16 1G.PROJECT HELP INFORMATION 17 SECTION TWO: ENERGY RESOURCE OPTIONS 18 SECTION THREE: PROJECT FINANCING 21 SECTION FOUR: ENERGY EFFICIENCY 39 CHAPTER 4A. THE IMPORTANCE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY 39 CHAPTER 4B. INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY 40 CHAPTER 4C. APPLIANCE EFFICIENCY 71 CHAPTER 4D. BUILDING EFFICIENCY 90 CHAPTER 4E. ROAD TRANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY 107 iv SECTION FIVE: RENEWABLE ENERGY 128 CHAPTER 5A. THE IMPORTANCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY. 128 CHAPTER 5B. HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY 158 CHAPTER 5C. SOLAR & WIND 169 CHAPTER 5D. BIOMASS 220 CHAPTER 5E. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY 238 SECTION SIX: RURAL APPLICATIONS 260 SECTION SEVEN: CASE STUDIES 286 CHAPTER 7A. COLOMBIA 286 CHAPTER 7B. PHILIPPINES 298 CHAPTER 7C. PAKISTAN 310 CHAPTER 7D. SOUTH AFRICA 330 CHAPTER 7E. GHANA 340 CHAPTER 7F. KOREA 359 CONCLUSION 370 DVD: UN ENVIRONMENT COMPENDIUM OF NATIONAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS AND POLICY DOCUMENTS ON RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY v Foreword The Renewable Revolution A revolution in the way we generate energy is driving a complete overhaul of the sector and its regulation. For the first time in history, most of our new energy capacity comes from renewable sources. What’s more, in the nine years since first publishing this handbook, investment in the sector has nearly doubled. In response to such dramatic developments, this revised edition explores the latest laws promoting efficient and renewable energy projects. The progress being made in the development and deployment of renewable energy is real cause for celebration around the world, from the Africa Renewable Energy Initiative to project funding from Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. The plummeting price of solar and wind energy makes them competitive with fossil fuels or nuclear options. Larger offshore wind projects create fewer environmental problems. A growing number of rooftops are becoming sources of power. Smart-grids, micro-grids and affordable storage provide more reliable distribution for developed urban areas and disadvantaged rural ones. Major improvements in power efficiency, technology and management are reducing waste, cost and emissions. In fact, as access to renewable energy expands, so do the social, economic and environmental benefits, making it vital to the success of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. However, realising the full potential of this sector requires careful legislation. Therefore, the handbook provides options for emerging areas, such as the geothermal industry, but also highlights many examples where legislation is already proving effective, including the creation of efficiency standards and labelling for consumer products and increasing rural access to clean, safe options for cooking and heating. To maintain the necessary pace of progress, decision makers at all levels of both the public and private sector need the best legal tools and information. This handbook remains the only comprehensive review of laws relating to efficient and renewable energy. I hope that in providing a source of practical information, it will inspire many other legal experts to share their experience as we address the incredible challenges and opportunities ahead. Mr. Erik Solheim, Under-Secretary General of the United Nations and Executive Director, United Nations Environment Programme vi About the Guide This Guide is written as a sequel to the 2007 UN Environment Programme Handbook for Legal Draftsmen on Environmentally Sound Management of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Resources (the Handbook).1 This Guide, as the Handbook, is written in response to needs expressed, particularly by energy efficiency and renewable energy project initiators, government officials, energy managers, project developers and particularly developing country energy legal draftsmen, asking for assistance in drafting legislative provisions for promotion and implementation of sound energy efficiency and renewable energy programs. The Guide describes the key legal issues associated with efficiency and renewable energy resource development, and presents legislative options from both developed and developing countries for dealing with them, including sample excerpts from legislation. A new section is included describing available mechanisms for financing energy efficiency and renewable energy projects. Another section has been added providing case studies analysing the laws of a variety of countries, namely from Colombia, the Philippines, Pakistan, South Africa, Ghana and Korea. A very significant addition is a DVD containing a UN Environment Compendium of National Laws and Regulations and Policy Documents on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency. It contains: • Full texts of laws and regulations on energy efficiency and renewable energy; • Articles and notes on relevant national laws; • Sources of such laws and regulations • Laws and regulations on related areas such as climate change and the environment; • Links to other materials on relevant laws and regulations . The Guide is designed to be user-friendly. Accordingly, it has been written as a stand-alone document, not requiring back and forth reference between the Guide and the Handbook. As was stated in the Handbook, “the focus here is on national legislation, but encompasses national constitutional provisions, regulations and state and local laws where they are the key determinants of the promotion of efficiency and renewable resources. Emphasis is placed on adaptation to local country needs and conditions.” The Guide is divided into seven sections. Section One, Issues of General Application, contains legislative information on issues pertinent to all energy efficiency and renewable energy applications. Section Two, Energy Options, describes the choices to made evaluating energy efficiency and renewable energy in the context of the other available energy resources. Section Three, Project Financing, describes a range of financing methods and resources that have been used successfully 1 United Nations Envt Programme, Handbook for Drafting Laws on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Resources (2007), http://www.unep.org/delc/Portals/119/publications/UNEP_ Energy_Handbook.pdf. vii to fund projects. Section Four, Energy Efficiency, relates the energy efficiency laws requisite for successful projects in the various sectors of the economy. Section Five, Renewable Energy, addresses legislation for each type of renewable energy. Section Six, Rural Applications, deals
Recommended publications
  • UN-Habitat Supporting Brazil Favela Peace Programme Reprinted and Translated Articles Should Communities Making New Be Credited “Reprinted from Urban World”

    UN-Habitat Supporting Brazil Favela Peace Programme Reprinted and Translated Articles Should Communities Making New Be Credited “Reprinted from Urban World”

    urban WWORLDORLD February - April 2011 Cities and Land Rights Volume 3 Issue 1 Volume urban CONTENTS WORLD OPINION IN-FOCUS www.unhabitat.org © 2011 UN-HABITAT 21 Africa 4 Message from the UN-HABITAT A big boost for energy efficient P.O.Box 30030, GPO Executive Director Nairobi 00100, Kenya buildings in East Africa Tel. (254-20) 762 3120 Fax. (254-20) 762 3477 COVER STORY A field trip to remember for E-mail: [email protected] Mozambique architecture EDITOR: Roman Rollnick students CITIES AND LAND RIGHTS EDITORIAL BOARD African Development Bank Anantha Krishnan 5 Land and climate change Christine Auclair boosts Lake Victoria urban Andre Dzikus in a new urban world Edlam Abera Yemeru water programme Eduardo López Moreno Mohamed El Sioufi Jane Nyakairu Helping young people in Lucia Kiwala Mariam Yunusa 8 African ministerial meeting Zanzibar Mohamed El-Sioufi adopts new action plan Naison Mutizwa-Mangiza World Water Week Oyebanji Oyeyinka (Chair) Remy Sietchiping Raf Tuts 22 Asia-Pacific EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS: Flossie Mbiriri, 10 Five years into the Global Japanese generosity Tom Osanjo Land Tool Network (GLTN) COVER DESIGN – a perspective from our Housing support in Andrew Ondoo partners around the world Sri Lanka ADVERTISING Eirik Sorlie To advertise in Urban World, please contact: Thanks to BASF, a new major [email protected] water project for schools 15 Land governance for rapid SUBSCRIPTIONS urbanization Contact: 23 Latin America and the Clarissa Augustinus and [email protected] Caribbean Eirik Sorlie REPRINTS UN-HABITAT supporting Brazil favela peace programme Reprinted and translated articles should Communities making new be credited “Reprinted from Urban World”.
  • Technical Implementation and Success Factors for a Global Solar and Wind Atlas Carsten Hoyer-Klick

    Technical Implementation and Success Factors for a Global Solar and Wind Atlas Carsten Hoyer-Klick

    The Global Atlas for Solar and Wind Energy Carsten Hoyer-Klick Folie 1 CEM/IRENA Global Atlas for Solar and Wind Energy > Carsten Hoyer-Klick > IRENA End User Workshop Jan. 13th 2012, Abu Dhabi Getting Renewable Energy to Work Technology data and learning Available Resources Resource mapping Socio-economic Which and policy data Framework Economic + Political technologies Technical and are feasible? economical Potentials Setting the right the Setting How can RE Technology contribute to the deployment scenarios Best practices energy system? How to get them into the Strategies for market? Where to start? market development Legislation, incentives Political and financial Instruments RE-Markets Slide 2 CEM/IRENA Global Atlas for Solar and Wind Energy > Carsten Hoyer-Klick > IRENA End User Workshop Jan. 13th 2012, Abu Dhabi Project Development for Renewable Energy Systems Pre feasibility Resources Finding suitable (Atlas) sites with high The Atlas should Feasibility resolution maps few few data no no market Project developmentsupport the first steps and economic Engineering evaluations 1200 in potential assessment, ground 1000 satellite 800 Resources 600 W/m² Detailed 400 policy development200 0 13 14 15 16 17 18 day in march, 2001 (time series) and project pre feasibility, engineering with site Engineering specific data with high Construction temporal resolution as input to Commissioning simulation software data and servicesavailable Operation existing existing commerical market Slide 3 CEM/IRENA Global Atlas for Solar and Wind Energy > Carsten
  • Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives

    Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives

    Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives DONALD VIAL CENTER ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE GREEN ECONOMY Institute for Research on Labor and Employment University of California, Berkeley November 10, 2014 By Peter Philips, Ph.D. Professor of Economics, University of Utah Visiting Scholar, University of California, Berkeley, Institute for Research on Labor and Employment Peter Philips | Donald Vial Center on Employment in the Green Economy | November 2014 1 2 Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California: Quality Careers—Cleaner Lives Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives DONALD VIAL CENTER ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE GREEN ECONOMY Institute for Research on Labor and Employment University of California, Berkeley November 10, 2014 By Peter Philips, Ph.D. Professor of Economics, University of Utah Visiting Scholar, University of California, Berkeley, Institute for Research on Labor and Employment Peter Philips | Donald Vial Center on Employment in the Green Economy | November 2014 3 About the Author Peter Philips (B.A. Pomona College, M.A., Ph.D. Stanford University) is a Professor of Economics and former Chair of the Economics Department at the University of Utah. Philips is a leading economic expert on the U.S. construction labor market. He has published widely on the topic and has testified as an expert in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, served as an expert for the U.S. Justice Department in litigation concerning the Davis-Bacon Act (the federal prevailing wage law), and presented testimony to state legislative committees in Ohio, Indiana, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Utah, Kentucky, Connecticut, and California regarding the regulations of construction labor markets.
  • The Nexus Solutions Tool (NEST): an Open Platform for Optimizing Multi-Scale Energy-Water-Land System Transformations

    The Nexus Solutions Tool (NEST): an Open Platform for Optimizing Multi-Scale Energy-Water-Land System Transformations

    https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-134 Preprint. Discussion started: 15 July 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. The Nexus Solutions Tool (NEST): An open platform for optimizing multi-scale energy-water-land system transformations Adriano Vinca1,2, Simon Parkinson1,2, Edward Byers1, Peter Burek1, Zarrar Khan3, Volker Krey1,4, Fabio A. Diuana5,1, Yaoping Wang1, Ansir Ilyas6, Alexandre C. Köberle7,5, Iain Staffell8, Stefan Pfenninger9, Abubakr Muhammad6, Andrew Rowe2, Roberto Schaeffer5, Narasimha D. Rao10,1, Yoshihide Wada1,11, Ned Djilali2, and Keywan Riahi1,12 1International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria 2Institute for Integrated Energy Systems, University of Victoria, Canada 3Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, United States 4Dept. of Energy & Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway 5Energy Planning Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 6Center for Water Informatics & Technology, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Pakistan 7Grantham Institute, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom 8Centre for Environmental Policy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom 9 Dept. of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Switzerland 10School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, United States 11Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands 12Institute for Thermal Engineering, TU Graz, Austria Correspondence: Adriano Vinca ([email protected]) Abstract. The energy-water-land nexus represents a critical leverage future policies must draw upon to reduce trade-offs be- tween sustainable development objectives. Yet, existing long-term planning tools do not provide the scope or level of integration across the nexus to unravel important development constraints.
  • Energy Energy Science and Technology Has Been a Primary Driver of Human Progress for Centuries, and Intensive Energy Use Is Essential to Industrialized Society

    Energy Energy Science and Technology Has Been a Primary Driver of Human Progress for Centuries, and Intensive Energy Use Is Essential to Industrialized Society

    Sustainability Brief: Energy Energy science and technology has been a primary driver of human progress for centuries, and intensive energy use is essential to industrialized society. Our energy infrastructure is the foundation that makes almost all commercial activity and modern home life possible. The growth and proliferation of this energy web over the last century has enabled both economic growth and improved quality of life. Along with those advantages and benefits, however, have come increasingly apparent costs, consequences, and risks. Because industrialized civilization depends so heavily on this energy infrastructure, failures or consequences of that infrastructure have a huge impact with economic, social, and environmental implications. The subject of Sustainable Energy addresses the impacts and vulnerabilities of our energy infrastructure, and focuses on reducing the emerging risks in our current approach so as to ensure the continued availability of reliable, cost-effective energy and the quality of life that depends upon it. These risks include the threat of supply disruptions, economic hardship imposed by rising energy costs, environmental impacts, public health issues, social equity issues, and threats related to either man-made (e.g. terrorist) or natural (e.g. extreme weather) causes, among many others. New Jersey citizens and businesses already bear the costs and consequences of our current energy infrastructure, and these impacts are likely to increase over time. Ensuring the long term sustainability of New Jersey’s
  • Second Biennial Conference of the United States Society for Ecological Economics

    Second Biennial Conference of the United States Society for Ecological Economics

    Second Biennial Conference of the United States Society for Ecological Economics May 22-24, 2003 Prime Hotel and Conference Center Saratoga Springs, New York co-sponsored by Gund Institute for Ecological Economics Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Dept. of Economics Santa-Barbara Family Foundation University of Vermont School of Natural Resources U.S. Society for Ecological Economics President John Gowdy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute President-Elect Secretary-Treasurer Barry Solomon Joy Hecht University of California, Santa Cruz New Jersey Sustainable State Institute Executive Directors Susan and Michael Mageau Institute for a Sustainable Future Board Members at Large Jon Erickson Brent Haddad University of Vermont University of California, Santa Cruz Valerie Luzadis Karin Limburg SUNY College of Environmental SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry Science & Forestry Student Board Member Caroline Hermans University of Vermont Second Biennial USSEE Conference Planning Committee Jon Erickson, Chair University of Vermont Graham Cox Josh Farley Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute University of Vermont Rich Howarth Susan Mageau Dartmouth College Institute for a Sustainable Future Valerie Luzadis Trista Patterson SUNY College of Environmental Science University of Maryland & Forestry Roy Wood Kodak, Inc. SECOND BIENNIAL CONFERENCE OF THE UNITED STATES SOCIETY FOR ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS CONFERENCE SUMMARY Thursday, May 22 Morning 9:00 Registration Opens 11:30 Concurrent Session 1 Afternoon 1:00 Refreshments 1:30 Concurrent Session 2 3:00
  • The Water-Energy Nexus: Challenges and Opportunities Overview

    The Water-Energy Nexus: Challenges and Opportunities Overview

    U.S. Department of Energy The Water-Energy Nexus: Challenges and Opportunities JUNE 2014 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK Table of Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................. iii Executive Summary.............................................................................................................................................. v Chapter 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 DOE’s Motivation and Role .................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 The DOE Approach ................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Opportunities ............................................................................................................................................. 4 References ..........................................................................................................................................................
  • The March 10, 2020 Council Packet May Be Viewed by Going to the Town of Frisco Website

    The March 10, 2020 Council Packet May Be Viewed by Going to the Town of Frisco Website

    THE MARCH 10, 2020 COUNCIL PACKET MAY BE VIEWED BY GOING TO THE TOWN OF FRISCO WEBSITE. RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS WORK SESSION MEETING AGENDA OF THE TOWN COUNCIL OF THE TOWN OF FRISCO MARCH 10, 2020 5:00 PM Agenda Item #1: Excavation Code Amendment Discussion Agenda Item #2: Fuel Discussion Agenda Item #3: Remodel Design of Police Department Draft RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS REGULAR MEETING AGENDA OF THE TOWN COUNCIL OF THE TOWN OF FRISCO MARCH 10, 2020 7:00PM STARTING TIMES INDICATED FOR AGENDA ITEMS ARE ESTIMATES ONLY AND MAY CHANGE Call to Order: Gary Wilkinson, Mayor Roll Call: Gary Wilkinson, Jessica Burley, Daniel Fallon, Rick Ihnken, Hunter Mortensen, Deborah Shaner, and Melissa Sherburne Public Comments: Citizens making comments during Public Comments or Public Hearings should state their names and addresses for the record, be topic-specific, and limit comments to no longer than three minutes. NO COUNCIL ACTION IS TAKEN ON PUBLIC COMMENTS. COUNCIL WILL TAKE ALL COMMENTS UNDER ADVISEMENT AND IF A COUNCIL RESPONSE IS APPROPRIATE THE INDIVIDUAL MAKING THE COMMENT WILL RECEIVE A FORMAL RESPONSE FROM THE TOWN AT A LATER DATE. Mayor and Council Comments: Staff Updates: Presentation: Frisco’s Finest Award – Jeff Berino Consent Agenda: • Minutes February 25, 2020 Meeting • Warrant List • Purchasing Cards New Business: Agenda Item #1: First Reading Ordinance 20-03, an Ordinance Amending Chapters 65 and 180 of the Code of Ordinances of the Town of Frisco, Concerning Building Construction and Housing Standards, and the Unified Development Code, Respectively,
  • Socialist Left Party Norway Politicians Inge Ryan Erik Solheim Kristin Halvorsen Torild Skard Hanna Kvanmo Jon Hippe Hans Olav Lahlum

    Socialist Left Party Norway Politicians Inge Ryan Erik Solheim Kristin Halvorsen Torild Skard Hanna Kvanmo Jon Hippe Hans Olav Lahlum

    SOCIALIST LEFT PARTY NORWAY POLITICIANS INGE RYAN ERIK SOLHEIM KRISTIN HALVORSEN TORILD SKARD HANNA KVANMO JON HIPPE HANS OLAV LAHLUM PDF-33SLPNPIRESKHTSHKJHHOL0 | Page: 136 File Size 6,045 KB | 13 Jan, 2020 PDF File: Socialist Left Party Norway Politicians Inge Ryan Erik Solheim Kristin Halvorsen Torild Skard 1/3 Hanna Kvanmo Jon Hippe Hans Olav Lahlum - PDF-33SLPNPIRESKHTSHKJHHOL0 TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction Brief Description Main Topic Technical Note Appendix Glossary PDF File: Socialist Left Party Norway Politicians Inge Ryan Erik Solheim Kristin Halvorsen Torild Skard 2/3 Hanna Kvanmo Jon Hippe Hans Olav Lahlum - PDF-33SLPNPIRESKHTSHKJHHOL0 Socialist Left Party Norway Politicians Inge Ryan Erik Solheim Kristin Halvorsen Torild Skard Hanna Kvanmo Jon Hippe Hans Olav Lahlum e-Book Name : Socialist Left Party Norway Politicians Inge Ryan Erik Solheim Kristin Halvorsen Torild Skard Hanna Kvanmo Jon Hippe Hans Olav Lahlum - Read Socialist Left Party Norway Politicians Inge Ryan Erik Solheim Kristin Halvorsen Torild Skard Hanna Kvanmo Jon Hippe Hans Olav Lahlum PDF on your Android, iPhone, iPad or PC directly, the following PDF file is submitted in 13 Jan, 2020, Ebook ID PDF-33SLPNPIRESKHTSHKJHHOL0. Download full version PDF for Socialist Left Party Norway Politicians Inge Ryan Erik Solheim Kristin Halvorsen Torild Skard Hanna Kvanmo Jon Hippe Hans Olav Lahlum using the link below: Download: SOCIALIST LEFT PARTY NORWAY POLITICIANS INGE RYAN ERIK SOLHEIM KRISTIN HALVORSEN TORILD SKARD HANNA KVANMO JON HIPPE HANS OLAV LAHLUM PDF The writers of Socialist Left Party Norway Politicians Inge Ryan Erik Solheim Kristin Halvorsen Torild Skard Hanna Kvanmo Jon Hippe Hans Olav Lahlum have made all reasonable attempts to offer latest and precise information and facts for the readers of this publication.
  • Design and Experiment of a Sun-Powered Smart Building Envelope with Automatic Control

    Design and Experiment of a Sun-Powered Smart Building Envelope with Automatic Control

    Energy & Buildings 223 (2020) 110173 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Energy & Buildings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/enb Design and experiment of a sun-powered smart building envelope with automatic control Qiliang Lin a, Yanchu Zhang a, Arnaud Van Mieghem b, Yi-Chung Chen c, Nanfang Yu d, Yuan Yang d, ⇑ Huiming Yin a, a Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, United States b Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium c Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tennessee State University, United States d Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, United States article info abstract Article history: A novel sun-powered smart window blind (SPSWB) system has been designed and developed for the Received 26 February 2020 smart control of building envelopes to achieve the optimal internal comfort with minimum energy Revised 15 May 2020 expenditure. Its self-powered sensing, controlling, and actuation significantly simplify the installation Accepted 21 May 2020 and maintenance of the system. The energy is harvested by the attached thin-film photovoltaic cells, after Available online 29 May 2020 which it is voltage-regulated for the permanent storage into a rechargeable battery with 55% energy effi- ciency. The excessive heat absorbed by the solar cells is dissipated by a PVdF-HFP porous coating with Keywords: more than 9% temperature reduction. The smart control of the energy harvesting and the cooling is Smart building envelope achieved based on the blinds’ surface temperature by an Arduino-based sensing, controlling, and actuat- Window blinds Energy harvesting ing system, whose energy consumption is closely monitored.
  • Case Å Ta for Seg Med Dette Som Utgangspunkt

    Case Å Ta for Seg Med Dette Som Utgangspunkt

    Kontroversen oljesand En retorisk analyse av posisjonering i selvpubliserte tekster Tarjei Garsjø 30. april 2013 Forord Aller første vil jeg si at dette har vært et særdeles interessant prosjekt å arbeide med - det har gitt meg en rekke nyttige erfaringer, og jeg har lært enormt mye. Kanskje viktigst av alt har det gitt meg et skarpere analytisk blikk som har blitt en varig del av meg. Gjennom dette arbeidet har jeg fått hjelp av flere både rause og dyktige personer. Først og fremst vil jeg rette en stor takk til Gunhild Åm Vatn, min veileder gjennom hele perioden. Du har vært en god støttespiller fra start til slutt i denne prosessen. Dine faglige innspill har vært uvurderlige, og du har utvist tålmodighet når jeg har trengt det som mest. En takk rettes også til Dagfinn og Simon for deres interesse, selv om jeg ikke alltid fikk holdt dere like oppdatert. Ikke minst vil jeg takke mamma og pappa, for å ha mast hverken for mye eller for lite. Dette er en balansegang dere kan. Takk også for verdifulle innspill om de tekniske delene av oppgaven. 1 2 Innhold 1 Introduksjon 1.1 Utgangspunkt 7 1.2 Endelig problemstilling 7 1.3 Oppgavens oppbygning, fokus og formål 8 2 Bakgrunnsinformasjon og forløp 11 2.1 Statoil 11 2.2 Oljesand, hva er det? 11 2.3 Framtiden i våre hender 12 2.4 Sakens kjerne 13 3 Teoretisk forankring 15 3.1 Klassisk retorikk 15 3.2 Moderne retorikk 17 3.2.1 Troper 18 3.2.2 Metafor 18 3.2.3 Metonym 19 3.2.4 Ulike holdniger, ulik retorikk 20 3.3 Roller og face 21 3.3.1 Hvilket selv vil Statoil presentere? 21 3.4 Posisjonering
  • Opportunities for Energy Efficient Computing: a Study of Inexact General Purpose Processors for High-Performance and Big-Data Applications

    Opportunities for Energy Efficient Computing: a Study of Inexact General Purpose Processors for High-Performance and Big-Data Applications

    Opportunities for Energy Efficient Computing: A Study of Inexact General Purpose Processors for High-Performance and Big-data Applications Peter Düben Jeremy Schlachter AOPP, University of Oxford EPFL Oxford, United Kingdom Lausanne, Switzerland [email protected] [email protected] Parishkrati, Sreelatha Yenugula, John Augustine Christian Enz Indian Institute of Technology Madras EPFL India Lausanne, Switzerland [email protected], [email protected] [email protected], [email protected] K. Palem T. N. Palmer Electrical Engineering and Computer Science AOPP, University of Oxford Rice University, Houston, USA Oxford, United Kingdom [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—In this paper, we demonstrate that disproportionate hardware artifacts such as adders, multiplier or FFT engines gains are possible through a simple devise for injecting inexactness [22], [23], [20], [21]. For additional references on inexact or approximation into the hardware architecture of a computing hardware, architectures and related topics, please also see [1], system with a general purpose template including a complete [32], [12], [39], [35], [2]. More recently, this work has also memory hierarchy. The focus of the study is on energy savings been extended to evaluations of large-scale applications—in possible through this approach in the context of large and challenging applications. We choose two such from different ends of the context of our own group, climate modeling and weather the computing spectrum—the IGCM model for weather and climate prediction served as the driving example in which the floating modeling which embodies significant features of a high-performance point operations were rendered inexact [9].