International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force Consensus Proposal
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Optum Essential Health Benefits Enhanced Formulary PDL January
PENICILLINS ketorolac tromethamineQL GENERIC mefenamic acid amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium nabumetone amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium ER naproxen January 2016 ampicillin naproxen sodium ampicillin sodium naproxen sodium CR ESSENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS ampicillin-sulbactam naproxen sodium ER ENHANCED PREFERRED DRUG LIST nafcillin sodium naproxen DR The Optum Preferred Drug List is a guide identifying oxacillin sodium oxaprozin preferred brand-name medicines within select penicillin G potassium piroxicam therapeutic categories. The Preferred Drug List may piperacillin sodium/ tazobactam sulindac not include all drugs covered by your prescription sodium tolmetin sodium drug benefit. Generic medicines are available within many of the therapeutic categories listed, in addition piperacillin sodium/tazobactam Fenoprofen Calcium sodium to categories not listed, and should be considered Meclofenamate Sodium piperacillin/tazobactam as the first line of prescribing. Tolmetin Sodium Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium LOW COST GENERIC PREFERRED For benefit coverage or restrictions please check indomethacin your benefit plan document(s). This listing is revised Augmentin meloxicam periodically as new drugs and new prescribing LOW COST GENERIC naproxen kit information becomes available. It is recommended amoxicillin that you bring this list of medications when you or a dicloxacillin sodium CARDIOVASCULAR covered family member sees a physician or other penicillin v potassium ACE-INHIBITORS healthcare provider. GENERIC QUINOLONES captopril ANTI-INFECTIVES -
18 December 2020 – to Date)
(18 December 2020 – to date) MEDICINES AND RELATED SUBSTANCES ACT 101 OF 1965 (Gazette No. 1171, Notice No. 1002 dated 7 July 1965. Commencement date: 1 April 1966 [Proc. No. 94, Gazette No. 1413] SCHEDULES Government Notice 935 in Government Gazette 31387 dated 5 September 2008. Commencement date: 5 September 2008. As amended by: Government Notice R1230 in Government Gazette 32838 dated 31 December 2009. Commencement date: 31 December 2009. Government Notice R227 in Government Gazette 35149 dated 15 March 2012. Commencement date: 15 March 2012. Government Notice R674 in Government Gazette 36827 dated 13 September 2013. Commencement date: 13 September 2013. Government Notice R690 in Government Gazette 36850 dated 20 September 2013. Commencement date: 20 September 2013. Government Notice R104 in Government Gazette 37318 dated 11 February 2014. Commencement date: 11 February 2014. Government Notice R352 in Government Gazette 37622 dated 8 May 2014. Commencement date: 8 May 2014. Government Notice R234 in Government Gazette 38586 dated 20 March 2015. Commencement date: 20 March 2015. Government Notice 254 in Government Gazette 39815 dated 15 March 2016. Commencement date: 15 March 2016. Government Notice 620 in Government Gazette 40041 dated 3 June 2016. Commencement date: 3 June 2016. Prepared by: Page 2 of 199 Government Notice 748 in Government Gazette 41009 dated 28 July 2017. Commencement date: 28 July 2017. Government Notice 1261 in Government Gazette 41256 dated 17 November 2017. Commencement date: 17 November 2017. Government Notice R1098 in Government Gazette 41971 dated 12 October 2018. Commencement date: 12 October 2018. Government Notice R1262 in Government Gazette 42052 dated 23 November 2018. -
MIRENA Data Sheet Vx3.0, CCDS 25 1
NEW ZEALAND DATA SHEET 1. PRODUCT NAME MIRENA 52 mg intrauterine contraceptive device (release rate: 20 microgram/24 hours) 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION MIRENA is an intrauterine system (IUS) containing 52 mg levonorgestrel. For details of release rates, see Section 5.2. For the full list of excipients, see Section 6.1. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM MIRENA consists of a white or almost white drug core covered with an opaque membrane, which is mounted on the vertical stem of a T-body. The vertical stem of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system is loaded in the insertion tube at the tip of the inserter. Inserter components are an insertion tube, plunger, flange, body and slider. The white T-body has a loop at one end of the vertical stem and two horizontal arms at the other end. Brown coloured removal threads are attached to the loop. The T-body of MIRENA contains barium sulfate, which makes it visible in X-ray examination. The IUS and inserter are essentially free from visible impurities. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications Contraception Treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia provided there is no underlying pathology. Prevention of endometrial hyperplasia during estrogen replacement therapy MIRENA Data Sheet Vx3.0, CCDS 25 1 4.2 Dose and method of administration MIRENA is inserted into the uterine cavity. One administration is effective for five years. The in vivo dissolution rate is approximately 20 microgram/24 hours initially and is reduced to approximately 18 microgram/24 hours after 1 year and to 10 microgram/24 hours after five years. The mean dissolution rate of levonorgestrel is about 15 microgram /24 hours over the time up to five years. -
Pexion, Imepitoin
ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Pexion 100 mg tablets for dogs Pexion 400 mg tablets for dogs 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION One tablet contains: Active substance: Imepitoin 100 mg Imepitoin 400 mg For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Tablets White, oblong, half-scored tablets with embedded logo “I 01” (100 mg) or “I 02” (400 mg) on one side. The tablet can be divided into equal halves. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Target species Dog 4.2 Indications for use, specifying the target species For the reduction of the frequency of generalised seizures due to idiopathic epilepsy in dogs for use after careful evaluation of alternative treatment options. 4.3 Contraindications Do not use in case of hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients. Do not use in dogs with severely impaired hepatic function, severe renal or severe cardiovascular disorders (see section 4.7). 4.4 Special warnings The pharmacological response to imepitoin may vary and efficacy may not be complete. Nevertheless imepitoin is considered to be a suitable treatment option in some dogs because of its safety profile (see section 5.1). On treatment, some dogs will be free of seizures, in other dogs a reduction of the number of seizures will be observed, whilst others may be non-responders. In non-responders, an increase in seizure frequency may be observed. Should seizures not be adequately controlled, further diagnostic measures and other antiepileptic treatment should be considered. The benefit/risk assessment for the individual dog should take into account the details in the product literature. -
Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interactions Among Antiepileptic Drugs, Including CBD, Drugs Used to Treat COVID-19 and Nutrients
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interactions among Antiepileptic Drugs, Including CBD, Drugs Used to Treat COVID-19 and Nutrients Marta Kara´zniewicz-Łada 1 , Anna K. Główka 2 , Aniceta A. Mikulska 1 and Franciszek K. Główka 1,* 1 Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] (M.K.-Ł.); [email protected] (A.A.M.) 2 Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-354 Pozna´n,Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-(0)61-854-64-37 Abstract: Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are an important group of drugs of several generations, rang- ing from the oldest phenobarbital (1912) to the most recent cenobamate (2019). Cannabidiol (CBD) is increasingly used to treat epilepsy. The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2019 created new challenges in the effective treatment of epilepsy in COVID-19 patients. The purpose of this review is to present data from the last few years on drug–drug interactions among of AEDs, as well as AEDs with other drugs, nutrients and food. Literature data was collected mainly in PubMed, as well as google base. The most important pharmacokinetic parameters of the chosen 29 AEDs, mechanism of action and clinical application, as well as their biotransformation, are presented. We pay a special attention to the new potential interactions of the applied first-generation AEDs (carba- Citation: Kara´zniewicz-Łada,M.; mazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital and primidone), on decreased concentration Główka, A.K.; Mikulska, A.A.; of some medications (atazanavir and remdesivir), or their compositions (darunavir/cobicistat and Główka, F.K. -
Evaluation of Pexion® (Imepitoin) for Treatment of Storm Anxiety in Dogs: a Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Received: 20 July 2020 Revised: 7 October 2020 Accepted: 3 December 2020 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.18 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Evaluation of Pexion® (imepitoin) for treatment of storm anxiety in dogs: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Irina Perdew1 Carrie Emke1 Brianna Johnson1 Vaidehi Dixit2 Yukun Song2 Emily H. Griffith2 Philip Watson3 Margaret E. Gruen1 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, North Abstract Carolina State University College of Background: While often grouped with other noise aversions, fearful Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA behaviour during storms is considered more complex than noise aversion 2 Department of Statistics, North Carolina alone. The objective here was to assess the effect of imepitoin for the treat- State University College of Sciences, Raleigh, ment of storm anxiety in dogs. North Carolina, USA Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised study, eligible 3 Ingelheim am Rhein, Boehringer-Ingelheim dogs completed a baseline then were randomised to receive either imepitoin Vetmedica GmbH, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, (n = 30; 30 mg/kg BID) or placebo (n = 15) for 28 days. During storms, owners Germany rated their dog’s intensity for 16 behaviours using a Likert scale. Weekly, own- Correspondence ers rated intensity and frequency of these behaviours. Summary scores were Margaret E. Gruen, Department of Clinical compared to baseline and between groups. Sciences, North Carolina State University Results and Conclusions: Imepitoin was significantly superior to placebo in College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh NC 27607, USA. storm logs and weekly surveys for weeks 2 and 4, and in the end-of-study sur- Email: [email protected] vey. -
Idiopathic Epilepsy in Dogs – Part One: Patient Approach
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Idiopathic epilepsy in dogs – part one: patient approach Author : Jacques Penderis, Holger Volk Categories : Vets Date : February 9, 2015 Dogs with recurrent epileptic seizures, and where no interictal neurological deficits or abnormalities on routine diagnostic tests are evident, have traditionally been defined as having “idiopathic epilepsy”. Rather than being a specific, single diagnosis, it is probable idiopathic epilepsy represents a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and intrinsic and extrinsic environmental factors, and the term “presumed genetic” has also been suggested to define these patients. A genetic basis for idiopathic epilepsy has been proposed in a number of breeds, including the golden retriever, Labrador retriever, Bernese mountain dog, Irish wolfhound, English springer spaniel, Keeshond, Hungarian vizsla, standard poodle, border collie and Finnish spitz (Viitmaa et al, 2013) and a possible susceptibility locus for epileptic seizures has been characterised in the Belgian shepherd dog (Seppälä et al, 2012). Reflecting its importance in veterinary medicine, idiopathic epilepsy is reported as the most common chronic neurological disease in dogs, with a prevalence of around 0.6 per cent in first opinion practice. Generalised seizures (where there is impairment of consciousness) are the most common type of epileptic seizure in dogs, while partial seizures appear to be relatively more common in cats; this, in part, represents the tendency for dogs with idiopathic epilepsy to have generalised seizures, or focal seizures with rapid secondary generalisation. The accurate description of generalised seizures in a patient with suspected idiopathic epilepsy is important, firstly to differentiate the episodes from other causes of collapse (for example, syncope) and secondly because the presence of generalised seizures is one of the criteria for making a diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy. -
Diazepam and Kava Combination Article
Journal of Advanced Research (2014) 5, 587–594 Cairo University Journal of Advanced Research ORIGINAL ARTICLE Enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects of diazepam by kava combination Rasha A. Tawfiq a, Noha N. Nassar b,*, Wafaa I. El-Eraky c, Ezzeldein S. El-Denshary b a Egyptian Patent Office, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, 101 Kasr El-Eini St., Cairo, Egypt b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini St., Cairo, Egypt c Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, El-Tahrir St., Giza, Egypt ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The long term use of antiepileptic drugs possesses many unwanted effects; thus, new safe com- Received 2 April 2013 binations are urgently mandated. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the anticonvul- Received in revised form 18 July 2013 sant effect of kava alone or in combination with a synthetic anticonvulsant drug, diazepam Accepted 15 August 2013 (DZ). To this end, female Wistar rats were divided into two subsets, each comprising 6 groups Available online 22 August 2013 as follows: group (i) received 1% Tween 80 p.o. and served as control, while groups (ii) and (iii) received kava at two dose levels (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.). The remaining three groups received Keywords: (iv) DZ alone (10 mg/kg p.o.) or kava in combination with DZ (v) (5 mg/kg, p.o.) or (vi) (10 mg/ Kava kg, p.o.). Results of the present study revealed that kava increased the maximal electroshock Diazepam seizure threshold (MEST) and enhanced the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam following both Anticonvulsant acute and chronic treatment. -
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiepileptic Drugs by Use of Saliva
REVIEW ARTICLE Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiepileptic Drugs by Use of Saliva Philip N. Patsalos, FRCPath, PhD*† and Dave J. Berry, FRCPath, PhD† INTRODUCTION Abstract: Blood (serum/plasma) antiepileptic drug (AED) therapeu- Measuring antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in serum or tic drug monitoring (TDM) has proven to be an invaluable surrogate plasma as an aid to personalizing drug therapy is now a well- marker for individualizing and optimizing the drug management of established practice in the treatment of epilepsy, and guidelines patients with epilepsy. Since 1989, there has been an exponential are published that indicate the particular features of epilepsy and increase in AEDs with 23 currently licensed for clinical use, and the properties of AEDs that make the practice so beneficial.1 recently, there has been renewed and extensive interest in the use of The goal of AED therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is to saliva as an alternative matrix for AED TDM. The advantages of saliva ’ fl optimize a patient s clinical outcome by supporting the man- include the fact that for many AEDs it re ects the free (pharmacolog- agement of their medication regimen with the assistance of ically active) concentration in serum; it is readily sampled, can be measured drug concentrations/levels. The reason why TDM sampled repetitively, and sampling is noninvasive; does not require the has emerged as an important adjunct to treatment with the expertise of a phlebotomist; and is preferred by many patients, AEDs arises from the fact that for an individual patient -
WSAVA List of Essential Medicines for Cats and Dogs
The World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) List of Essential Medicines for Cats and Dogs Version 1; January 20th, 2020 Members of the WSAVA Therapeutic Guidelines Group (TGG) Steagall PV, Pelligand L, Page SW, Bourgeois M, Weese S, Manigot G, Dublin D, Ferreira JP, Guardabassi L © 2020 WSAVA All Rights Reserved Contents Background ................................................................................................................................... 2 Definition ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Using the List of Essential Medicines ............................................................................................ 2 Criteria for selection of essential medicines ................................................................................. 3 Anaesthetic, analgesic, sedative and emergency drugs ............................................................... 4 Antimicrobial drugs ....................................................................................................................... 7 Antibacterial and antiprotozoal drugs ....................................................................................... 7 Systemic administration ........................................................................................................ 7 Topical administration ........................................................................................................... 9 Antifungal drugs ..................................................................................................................... -
Results of a Nationwide Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Comparing the Efficacy and Toxicity of Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, and Primidone
Epilepsin, 28(Suppl. 3):SSO-S58, 1987 Raven Press, Ltd., New York 0 International League Against Epilepsy Results of a Nationwide Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Comparing the Efficacy and Toxicity of Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, and Primidone Dennis B. Smith, "Richard H. Mattson, ?Joyce A. Cramer, $Joseph F. Collins, §Robert A. Novelly, [[BruceCraft, and the Weterans Administration Epilepsy Cooperative Study Group Good Samaritan Hospital & Medical Center, Portland Oregon; *Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; $Veterans Administration Cooperative Studies Program, Perry Point, Maryland; *f§Veterans Administration Hospital, West Haven, Connecticut; and llNeurology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, U.S.A. Summary: In 1985 a 5-year multicenter Veterans Admin- sociated with significantly lower incidences of intolerable istration Cooperative Study was completed that com- side effects than were primidone or phenobarbital. A be- pared the efficacy and toxicity of phenobarbital, car- havioral toxicity battery was performed whenever pos- bamazepine, phenytoin, and primidone in a double-blind sible prior to administration of any antiepileptic drug and prospective study design. A total of 622 patients, either at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after initiation of monotherapy. previously untreated or undertreated, were entered into Significant differences in performance on all subtests of the study. Strict exclusion criteria limited confounding the battery were found between patients with epilepsy factors such as drug or alcohol abuse. Results showed and a control group matched by age, sex, and education. that each of the four drugs used as monotherapy were When the differential effects of all four drugs on behav- similarly effective in the treatment of generalized tonic- ioral toxicity were compared, few statistically significant clonic seizures, but carbamazepine was significantly differences emerged. -
2015 ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Statement on Seizure Management in Dogs
2015 ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Statement on seizure management in dogs Podell, M.; Volk, H. A.; Berendt, Mette; Löscher, W.; Muñana, K.; Patterson, E. E.; Platt, S. R. Published in: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13841 Publication date: 2016 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY-NC Citation for published version (APA): Podell, M., Volk, H. A., Berendt, M., Löscher, W., Muñana, K., Patterson, E. E., & Platt, S. R. (2016). 2015 ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Statement on seizure management in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 30(2), 477-490. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.13841 Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 ACVIM Consensus Statement J Vet Intern Med 2016;30:477–490 Consensus Statements of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) provide the veterinary community with up-to-date information on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically important animal diseases. The ACVIM Board of Regents oversees selection of relevant topics, identification of panel members with the expertise to draft the statements, and other aspects of assuring the integrity of the process. The statements are derived from evidence-based medicine whenever possible and the panel offers interpretive comments when such evidence is inadequate or contradictory. A draft is prepared by the panel, followed by solicitation of input by the ACVIM membership which may be incor- porated into the statement. It is then submitted to the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, where it is edited before publication. The authors are solely responsible for the content of the statements.