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Jmct Feb2020 Final.Pdf The Air University The Official Journal of The Air Force Negotiation Center Volume 1, Number 1 | February 2020 | ISSN 2643-4547 www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFNC Director, Air Force Negotiation Center Thomas G. Matyók, PhD Editor-in-Chief Michelle A. Osborne, PhD Book Review Editors John Boyles www.airuniversity.af.edu Clayton Caver UNITED STATES AIR FORCE Peer Reviewers NEGOTIATION Sean Byrne, PhD CENTER Executive Director www.airuniversity.af.edu/ Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies, AFNC University of Manitoba Cover Photography Sarah Dewey Graphic/Web Designer Sarah Dewey www.airuniversity.af.edu/ AFNC/Academic-Division ISSN 2643-4547 The Journal of Military Conflict Transformation (JMCT) is a professional journal of the U.S. Air Force and The Air Journal of University. This publication is intended to serve as an open and Military Conflict scholarly forum for the advancement of topics within Conflict Transformation Transformation, Negotiation, Mediation, and Facilitation. 60 W. Shumacher Ave. The views and opinions expressed or implied within the Bldg 803 journal are those of the author(s) and should not be construed Maxwell AFB, AL as carrying out the official sanction of the United States Air 36112 Force, the Department of Defense, Air Education and Training Command, The Air University, Air War College, The Air Force [email protected] Negotiation Center, or any other agency or department of the U.S. Government. Visit Journal of Military JMCT welcomes articles, op-eds, book reviews, artwork, and Conflict Transformation photographs. Individuals interested in publishing may submit at www.airuniversity. materials via email to [email protected]. All submissions af.edu/AFNC/About- must be unclassified, non-sensitive, and releasable to the JMCT public. Content must be original, not previously published, and represent substantive new content or perspectives. Journal of Military Conflict Transformation February 2020 JMCT Volume 1 www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFNC/About-JMCT Number 1 Director’s Welcome...................................................................................................................................3 Featured Article The Use of Role-Playing Simulations in Negotiations Pedagogy, and the Search for a More Comprehensive Approach MAJ Timothy J. McDonald and MAJ Marcus A. Millen...................................................................5 Commentary A Force Multiplier: The Air Force Needs Military Negotiation Education Col David O'Meara, USAF (Ret).....................................................................................................16 Air University Student Studies Going Beyond the Norm: The Case for Incorporating Evaluative Mediation into Department of Defense Employment Discrimination Complaints Lt Col Thomas A. McNab.................................................................................................................21 Devastation to Tourist Destination Judith Tepperman, MSS...................................................................................................................33 Book Reviews Among Cultures: The Challenges of Communication 3rd Edition Reviewed by Clayton Carver, BS....................................................................................................45 Exactly What to Say: The Magic Words for Influence and Impact Reviewed by SSgt George Skon......................................................................................................47 Turn Enemies into Allies: The Art of Peace in the Workplace (Conflict Resolution for Leaders, Managers, and Anyone Stuck in the Middle) Reviewed by Jason W. Womack, MEd, MA...................................................................................49 Note from the Director Welcome to the inaugural issue of the Journal of Military Conflict Transformation (JMCT), official Journal of the Air force Negotiation Center (AFNC). The goal of the JMCT is to provide scholars and practitioners with a space to share research and best practices regarding conflict transformation, negotiation, mediation, and facilitation in a military environment. Traditionally, the teaching of negotiation and mediation skills in the military has relied upon business and legal approaches to conflict resolution. Conflict resolution terms such as Win-Win, Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA), and Interest-Based Negotiation (IBN) have become part of the military vernacular; however, they can remain heavily weighted toward bargaining, using economic strategies. Though they can be much utility in mastering the 'tactics, techniques, and tricks' of negotiation as bargaining, there is room for more. The JMCT is a contribution to the development of Military Negotiation as a theory-informed practice of negotiation at interpersonal, organizational, and inter-organizational levels. The AFNC in a leading research, education, and training activity that focuses exclusively on advancing Military Negotiation as an on-going, joint problem-solving, decision-making activity that uses critical and creative thinking as strategically- minded engaged-leadership. Experience teaching at Air University, coupled to desk and field research, strongly points to the need for military-centric approach to conflict transformation. Know that your suggestions regarding the direction of the JMCT are more than welcome. Never hesitate to let us know what you think and what we can be doing better. Thank you, Thomas G. Matyók, PhD Director Note from the Editor-in-Chief It is with genuine delight we present to you the inaugural edition of The Journal of Military Conflict Transformation. It is hard to believe we began this journey less than a year ago. What an honor it has been to have had the opportunity to work with such an amazing and talented group of people, for which none of this would have been possible without. I want to take a moment to thank everyone involved in the production and publication of our first journal release. Thank you for the tremendous support you have shown us. A special thanks to the Air University for supporting scholars and the advancement of intellectual development; for always pushing your faculty and staff to elevate their standards and level of education. Thank you to our peer-reviewers, copy-editors, authors, and contributors; you have inspired us to keep pushing the envelope and to open our pages to new and exciting research. It has truly been a team effort that will continue to grow and develop with each and every edition. To our readers, we hope you will join us on our journey to become the leading journal in military conflict transformation, and that you will share with us your stories, research, commentary, and lessons learned. JMCT supports the advancement of all topics within conflict transformation, negotiation, mediation, and facilitation and encourages scholars, of all levels, to engage with us across our various platforms. We want to hear from you! As we continue to build a more robust publications profile, we hope you will consider publishing your next article with us. Thank you, Michelle A. Osborne, PhD Director of Institutional Effectiveness Editor-in-Chief, JMCT JMCT February 2020 www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFNC/About-JMCT Volume 1, Number 1, 5-15 The Use of Role-Playing Simulations in Negotiations Pedagogy, and the Search for a More Comprehensive Approach MAJ Timothy J. McDonald MAJ Marcus A. Millen Abstract This paper is a literary review of the use of role-play simulations within negotiations pedagogy. The paper describes the benefits and challenges of role-playing exercises—the most prominent learning vehicle in the field—and then details efforts by negotiation educators to supplement and improve these exercises. Finally, the paper comments on negotiation education at the United States Military Academy and the degree to which curricula there incorporate these best practices. The Aim and Challenges of Teaching and opportunities to learn about negotiation.1 Negotiations Scholars in the field refer to this as the paradox of teaching negotiations.2 The aim of most negotiation courses While courses on negotiation may is to teach students to be better negotiators. To vary in their espoused goals, they generally the extent student motivation aids classroom seek to develop a set of behavioral skills learning, negotiation is an easy topic to teach. students can employ to resolve problems Students find the course instantly relevant; or conflict with others. Such skills include they believe effective negotiation skills will analyzing and preparing for a negotiation, serve them well in many aspects of their eliciting counterpart interests, crafting mutually lives. Students also thoroughly enjoy role- satisfactory options, and using persuasive playing exercises and the lively discussions standards to choose among these options, to that typically ensue. Yet, this enthusiasm name a few. Unfortunately, simply knowing cannot be automatically taken as evidence that about these behaviors is insufficient; research negotiation instruction is effective. The aim, has shown a significant gap between knowing after all, is to educate students to think and and doing.3 Connecting the two requires hard behave differently—not to present concepts work and practice. Thus, negotiation curricula 1. Michael R. Fowler, Mastering Negotiation (Durham: Carolina Academic Press, 2017), 1-28. 2. Michael Wheeler, “Is Teaching Negotiation Too Easy, Too Hard, or Both?,” Negotiation Journal 22, no.2 (2006): 187-197. 3. Chris Argyris, Robert
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