#WISERD2016 WISERD Annual Conference 2016

WISERD Annual Conference 2016

Abstract Booklet

13th and 14th July 2016 Swansea University

#WISERD2016 @WISERDNews 1 WISERD Annual Conference 2016 #WISERD2016

DAY 1: Wednesday 13 July

Welcome: 9.30am

Ian Rees Jones, Director Wales Institute of Social and Economic Research, Data and Methods (WISERD)

Ian Rees Jones was appointed Professor of Sociological Research at Cardiff University in 2012 and is currently the Director of the Wales Institute for Social and Economic Research, Data and Methods (WISERD). He is interested in theoretical and empirical work on social change and processes of social change. He is currently engaged in a series of research projects that addresses processes of social change and their impact on individuals, institutions, communities and civil society. He is also undertaking research specifically addressing ageing, later life and the experience of dementia. This includes work looking at class and health inequalities in later life, generational relations, social engagement and participation and changes in consumption patterns as people age. He is a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales and Fellow of the UK Academy of Social Sciences.

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Welcome Address:

The Right Honourable Rhodri Morgan Chancellor of Swansea University

The Services/Manufacturing Balance and the Welsh Economic Recovery

The Right Honourable Rhodri Morgan was the First Minister for Wales from 2000-2009. He was educated at St John’s College Oxford and Harvard University. After working as the Industrial Development Officer for South Glamorgan County Council from 1974 to 1980 he became Head of the European Commission Office in Wales form 1980 to 1987. Elected Labour Member of Parliament for Cardiff West in 1987, he was the Opposition Front Bench Spokesman on Energy from 1988-92 and Welsh Affairs from 1992-1997.

Rhodri Morgan announced his intention to stand down as Leader of the Labour Party in Wales on 1 October 2009, and stepped down as First Minister for Wales on 8 December 2009. He was elected as Chair of the European and External Affairs Committee on 26 January 2010, and was also a Member of the Assembly’s Constitutional Affairs Committee and Legislation Committee No.2.

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Keynote Speaker: 9.45am

Ottón Solís President of the Citizens’ Action Party, Costa Rica

Corruption, Democracy and Development: The Impossible Wedlock

Chair: David Blackaby, WISERD Co-Director and Professor of Economics, Swansea University

Ottón Solís is the founder, president and three times presidential candidate of the Citizens’ Action Party (Partido Accion Cindadana) in Costa Rica. The 2006 presidential election required a recount in which he lost by a narrow margin.

He has held visiting positions at the Universities of Florida, Notre Dame and Costa Rica. Ottón Solís currently has a seat in the Costa Rica Parliament and has headed the Congressional Finance Committee and the Appointments Committee.

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Session One: 11:00 - 12.30

Parallel 1A

Title: Capabilities, Capitals and Childcare: Complex decision making in public services Author: David Dallimore, Bangor University

Public services are increasingly being framed within a context of ‘choice’ with service users portrayed as consumers of health, education or other services with the assumption that the best and most sustainable way to deliver those services is to improve the expectations and entitlements of those who use them. Competition between public service providers is seen in many welfare states as the best way to improve quality - whether this is between schools, care providers or hospitals - as the citizen consumer is empowered to express choice.

Using data from 45 narrative interviews with parents this research proposes a model that challenges the notion of consumer ‘rational choice’ in situations of complex decision-making in public services. Taking the simple parental decision of whether to use formal childcare (in daycare centres, for example) or informal childcare (with relatives or friends), it suggests that what is often perceived to be a predictable choice based on factors such as economics is in fact a multifaceted accommodation of internal and external variables.

Title: Challenging deficit models of poverty Authors: Duncan Holtom and Sarah Lloyd-Jones, People and Work Unit

Political and social expectations of schools have never been higher and their failure to attain the academic, social and civil outcomes required is often attributed to the perceived weakness of children and young people and their families, communities, teachers, and school leaders. This “deficit” model dominates the policy discourse.

The paper will critically assess this discourse. Drawing upon People and Work’s action research and evaluation work during the last 30 years in Welsh communities and schools, it will explore the relationship between children and young people and their families, communities, teachers and schools in order to elucidate:

 how weaknesses (“deficits”) in areas like the “home learning environment”, aspirations and school effectiveness explain the strong relationship between poverty and low attainment at the level of individual children/young people, neighbourhoods and schools;  the extent to which “assets” or resources are effectively exploited (or mobilised); the barriers that constrain their use or impact; and their implications for achievement and resilience;  the impact of cuts in public services (e.g. social services and SEN specialist services); and  the implications for the Welsh policy and research agendas.

Title: An experiential account of using cognitive interviewing techniques within a repeated measures design in the development of ONS services questionnaires Authors: Bethan Huxley, and Gentiana Roarson, Office for National Statistics

The service sector is notoriously difficult to measure with both conceptual and practical challenges. The speed of change within this sector means that developing and updating the ONS suite of official establishment surveys needs to demonstrate pace and flexibility in its approach. The aim of the presentation is to provide a practical account of the experience and the challenges encountered in using cognitive interviewing techniques within a repeated measure design and under project specific constraints while developing surveys measuring the size and the structure of the service sector in the UK. The work consisted of the redesign of industry specific paper questionnaires to a format suited for electronic data collection, while at the same time aligning the constructs intended for capture with international regulatory frameworks for establishment statistics.

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The presentation discusses the challenges encountered in conducting sound methodological research in a short period of time. Cognitive interviewing techniques were used in pretesting to evaluate different questionnaires in a repeated measure design method, while controlling for order effects. This approach facilitated the timely identification of issues and problems that the design team had not initially recognised, including skip patterns and layouts. This in turn allowed the research team to gain insight into respondent’s interpretation of survey constructs within each layout option, aided the process of identifying areas of concern and informed changes to survey items in order to reduce survey error.

Parallel 1B—Symposium: Trade Unions in Wales

Title: What Do Unions Do In Wales? The Case of Job Satisfaction Authors: Alex Bryson, UCL/IOE and Rhys Davies, Cardiff University

National level studies of job satisfaction and trade union membership consistently find that members of trade unions exhibit lower levels of job satisfaction than non-members. Using three nationally representative data sets (the Skills and Employment Survey, the Workplace Employment Relations Survey and the British Household Panel Study), we explore variations in job satisfaction by trade union membership status across different regions of the UK with varying rates of trade union membership. Utilising various measures of self-reported job satisfaction, we firstly show that employees are happier in Wales than anywhere else in Britain, despite experiencing lower job quality and higher union membership. In keeping with earlier national-level estimates, union membership is generally associated with greater job dissatisfaction across the regions of Great Britain and this relationship is generally strongest in those areas where union membership is highest. The noticeable exception to this is Wales. We argue that the economic and social history in Wales has created conditions conducive to a different type of trade unionism in Wales, one which has its roots in a wider sense of community, and which predisposes both workers and employers to perceive trade unionism in a positive light.

Title: Trade Union learning activity in Wales: institutional revitalisation and the case for social partnership Author: Katy Huxley, Cardiff University

The trade union learning agenda promotes a social partnership approach to engagement between trade unions, employers and government over employee skill development. In this presentation Lévesque and Murray’s (2010) model of trade union capacity is employed to interrogate the potential impact of trade union learning activity upon trade union power resource and trade union capabilities. Power resources include infrastructural resources, internal solidarity, narrative resources and network embeddedness whilst capabilities include framing, intermediating, articulating and learning. Using qualitative and quantitative data on trade union learning activity in Wales (collected via survey, observation, interviews and documentary analysis), the development of activists, networks, and inter-union collaboration are highlighted as benefits of union learning activity. These union power resources and the development of union capabilities can help to strengthen institutional revitalisation within a social partnership context.

Title: Collective Understandings of the Labour Movement: ‘Spill-over’ Effects, Community Memory and the Miners’ Strike. Author: Helen Blakely, Cardiff University

This paper builds on previous WISERD research on trade unionism, which examined the geographical variations in trade union membership in Wales. This earlier analysis is developed through an examination of ‘spill-over’ effects, which are identified as one possible explanation for contemporary, geographical variations in collective understandings of the labour movement. We argue that while the trade union movement in Wales played a dominant role in civil society historically, it also left a legacy that has a powerful impact on the present as collective understandings, rooted in an earlier period of unionisation, are spilling over into the contemporary period.

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However, the question of inter-generational understandings cannot be fully explained by "spill-over" and may be illuminated by an examination of the transference of memories around one major event. Here, the concept of ‘community memory’ is examined as one mechanism for the inter-generational transmission of a culture of trade unionism. Drawing on thirty qualitative interviews with trade union activists in Wales, this paper considers the significance of past events, and in particular the 1984/1985 Miners Strike, in generating contemporary, collective understandings of the labour movement. How this defining moment in industrial relations history is remembered and re-remembered in the present is of particular interest.

Title: Devolution, State and Civil Society Author: Steve Davies, Cardiff University

This paper examines how the changes around devolution have provided opportunities for trade unions in Wales to influence government that do not exist in England. In addition, it highlights the necessarily dual strategy of unions in Wales, exhibiting a reliance on their relatively strong institutional position within the devolved polity, but having to utilise - and sometimes revive – mobilisation methods in relationships with the UK government. However, there are limits to the advantages provided by devolution, and the paper also reviews how trade unions in Wales are using other (and sometimes new) ways of advancing members' interests, especially in the light of the continuing impact of austerity and the tension between operating as a ‘coalition of influence’ and a ‘coalition of protest’. The paper is based on a series of interviews with trade union leaders in Wales and follows on from previous WISERD research on the concept of inter-generational ‘spillover’ as an explanation for the relative strength of the culture of trade unionism in Wales, despite the decline of the industrial base that originally brought that culture into existence.

Parallel 1C

Title: Educating Educators—Dyslexia Author: Cathryn Knight, Cardiff University

Dyslexia is generally seen as a modern phenomenon. The current education system is aware of dyslexia and diagnosis is becoming more common. However, in recent years there has been controversy over the nature of dyslexia. There is currently no universally agreed upon definition of dyslexia.

With growing research suggesting that individuals with dyslexia have a negative academic self-concept, it is Important to understand where these feelings come from. Many sociological and psychological theories suggest that the views of those around us affect our own self-concept and identity. Teachers play a vital role in the academic development of a child. Therefore, it is vital to know teachers’ opinions about the label of dyslexia.

An online survey was issued to teachers across the UK. The survey consisted of items questioning both teachers’ explicit and implicit attitudes towards dyslexia. The questionnaire also examined teachers’ general knowledge of what dyslexia is. Finally it asked about the teachers’ current experiences and feelings about working with dyslexic children.

The design and findings of the survey will be discussed. Implications of these findings on teacher training will be examined. The research helps to answer the question: ‘Is receiving the label ‘dyslexic’ useful within the current education system?’

Title: CorCenCC - Corpws Cenedlaethol Cymraeg Cyfoes (The National Corpus of Contemporary Welsh) Author: Dawn Knight and Tess Fitzpatrick, Cardiff University and Steven Morris, Swansea University

This paper will provide a detailed overview of the ESRC/AHRC funded CorCenCC project (Corpws Cenedlaethol

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Cymraeg Cyfoes (The National Corpus of Contemporary Welsh). CorCenCC is an inter-disciplinary and multi- institutional project that will create a large-scale, open-source corpus of contemporary Welsh.

A corpus is a collection of language data from real-life contexts, that allows users to identify and explore language as it is actually used, rather than relying on intuition or prescriptive accounts of how it 'should' be used. CorCenCC will be the first corpus to represent modern Welsh and will be revolutionary in that it is community-driven, using mobile and digital technologies to enable public collaboration.

The project is led by Cardiff University with academic partners at Swansea, Lancaster and Bangor Universities. Other collaborators include software engineers, Welsh language experts and a range of stakeholders including BBC Wales, Welsh Government, National Assembly for Wales, WJEC, Welsh for Adults, Gwasg y Lolfa, and University of Wales Dictionary of the Welsh Language.

Note: This paper will be delivered in Welsh and English. Simultaneous translation will be available.

Title: The effects of Anticipation and Adaptation to Life Events on Subjective Well-Being across UK Regions Authors: Nigel O’Leary, David Blackaby and Prashant Gupta, Swansea University

This paper explores the regional dimension of adaption to, and anticipation of, several life events as it affects reported life satisfaction. Using a fixed effects regression model applied within a panel setting to data drawn from the British Household Panel Survey, differences across areas are shown to be most pronounced over the domains of unemployment, retirement and illness. Given the increased interest in extended measures of economic prosperity that go beyond income-based indicators such as GDP, the results identified here highlight the need for additional research to more fully understand the drivers of regional life satisfaction and reported subjective well- being.

Parallel 1D— ESRC Wales Doctoral Training Centre "3MEI" Prize sponsored by the ESRC Wales Doctoral Training Centre

A variant of the well-known ‘Three Minute Thesis’ Challenge. This session celebrates the exciting research conducted by PhD students and is designed for doctoral candidates to present a compelling spoken presentation on their research topic. Using only one projected slide students will explain how their research can engage with and/or impact on others in three minutes, in a language appropriate to a non-specialist audience.

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Session Two: 13:30 - 15:00

Parallel 2A

Title: Early or ‘timely’ diagnosis of dementias: Insights from an ethnography of the memory clinic Authors: Alexandra Schussler and Alexandra Hillman, Cardiff University

This presentation draws on ethnographic research, undertaken in two memory clinics in the UK. It explores the social practices of assessments and diagnoses and their implications for patients and families and contributes to the debate regarding the potential harms and benefits of early detection of dementia. A detailed thematic analysis of multiple qualitative interviews with patients and relatives (carers), interviews with memory clinic staff and observations in clinic consultations was carried out. Given the variation in the understanding of diagnostic information that has already been shown to occur for dementia it is important to view patient and family responses to their diagnosis alongside the interactions that occur in processes of assessments and diagnosis. This study provides insight into what kind of information is shared, how information is shared and how information is interpreted by patients and families. Less focus on reaching an early or ‘timely’ diagnosis might help ensure services remain responsive to individual needs in determining when a diagnosis is most appropriate and what the diagnosis means in particular contexts and circumstances. More attention could be given to ongoing post-diagnosis support, quality of life and strategies for adjusting to living with dementia.

Title: The education of looked after children in Wales: aspirations, experiences and barriers Authors: Louise Roberts and Alyson Rees, Cardiff University

The low educational attainment and future prospects of looked after children and young people is an issue of widespread international concern (Berridge 2012; Jackson and Höjer 2013). In Wales, Government policy has sought to tackle the problem of ‘underachievement’ (Welsh Assembly Government 2007), and supporting educational attainment is recognised as key to ensuring looked after children reach their potential (Welsh Government 2015).

In 2015, the Welsh Government commissioned the Children’s Social Care Research and Development Centre (CASCADE) to investigate the educational experiences and opinions, attainment and aspirations of looked after children in Wales. This paper will provide an overview of the research design and key findings. The paper will focus predominantly on the qualitative phase of study which sought to privilege the ‘voice’ of looked after children and young people. Individual interviews using creative methods and focus groups facilitated by peer researchers were used to engage children and young people aged between 5 and 27. Feeling the same or different to their non- looked after peers was a key theme across the data and this will be considered in relation to aspirations, school experiences and barriers.

Title: Men experiencing domestic abuse; an exploration of needs and service provision Authors: Sarah Wallace, Carolyn Wallace, Joyce Kenkre and Jo Brayford, University of South Wales and Simon Borja, Safer Wales Dyn Project

In Wales, 4.2% of men aged 16-59 reported experiencing domestic abuse (ONS, 2014) equating to approximately 32,600 men. However, Robinson & Rowlands (2006) identified a lack of services/provision in Wales for men who had experienced domestic abuse. Qualitative research with abused men is particularly scant and Hester (2012) noted limited research which examines men’s service needs or help-seeking experiences. A review of domestic abuse services in Wales recognised a failure to match provision to need for specific groups which included male victims (Berry et al, 2014). The research aims to identify the needs of men who experience domestic abuse from an intimate partner and determine whether current services in Wales have the provision to meet those needs. A

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mixed method multi strand design, methods included; in-depth interviews with men who sought support for domestic abuse, domestic abuse service questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with their managers and practitioners. Using a discussion of themes and direct quotes, the session will facilitate an understanding of the needs of abused men in their own words. Service provision will be represented and discussed through the introduction of an innovative service map of Wales developed directly from the data.

Title: Mapping the Residential Mobility of Children Coming into Contact with the Youth Offending Service Author: Helen Hodges, Swansea University

Crime mapping is now a common feature of police work and helps to provide a visual representation of where offending occurs. However, in the context of the risk factor – youth offending relationship, having a greater understanding of the social conditions of where the young person has grown up or is living can contribute to both strategic planning and the provision of tailored support. The early findings of a geospatial piece of work based on the residential addresses of those coming into contact with a local Youth Offending Team will be presented along with discussion around some of the methodological challenges faced in developing an approach to identify concentrations of youth offenders and exploring how these relate to areas of child deprivation within the local area. It is envisaged that this session will be of interest to those working with administrative data; have an interest in the vulnerability of children living in deprived communities or are looking to map their own data.

Parallel 2B

Title: Mapping Resistance in the Digital Public Sphere Author: Wil Chivers, Cardiff University

New networked forms of ordering challenge how we conceive of democracy, political participation and policy- making. Social media are but one facet of how networked forms of communication and organisation are increasingly important and influential in our societies. Platforms such as Twitter are a popular and increasingly vital social space for civil society organisations to promote campaigns and mobilise members. Equally they enable individuals to connect with these groups and one another and voice their own opinions on social issues. This ‘new public sphere’ (Castells 2008), thus offers enormous potential for interaction between citizens and public, private and third sector organisations but, consequently, challenges our traditional understanding of collective action.

This paper reports on on-going empirical research examining patterns of communication and organisation on social media. Specifically, it explores these patterns in the context of resistance to proposed reforms to UK surveillance legislation (the Investigatory Powers Bill). Drawing on data gathered from Twitter, the paper employs a social network analysis approach to identifying key participants to the online debate about surveillance reform and examines the unique structural features of this conversation. The paper concludes by offering critical reflection on the implications of these patterns for understanding collective and ‘connective’ action.

Title: ‘Looked-after’ children in Wales: an analysis of the backgrounds of children in public care Author: Martin Elliot, Cardiff University

There has been an unprecedented increase in the numbers of care applications to the courts in England and Wales since the publication of the Baby P Serious Case Review in 2008 and a resulting increase in the numbers of children in out of home care (‘looked-after’). From a Welsh perspective, there is evidence to suggest that children in Wales are one and a half times more likely to come into public care than their English counterparts. Whilst having rates per 10,000 children generally much higher than those of English local authorities there is also significant variation in rates between local authorities in Wales. Both the differences in rates between England and Wales andthe variation in rates between Welsh authorities identify this as a policy area which requires urgent investigation in Wales.

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Using a quantitative analysis of six years’ data relating to every child who has spent time in the care of any of the Welsh local authorities, the intention of the research is to explore these variations using both aggregate and child- level data.

The presentation will outline both the context which was used to frame the research, and early findings from the analysis of the data so far undertaken.

Title: An Investigation into the Impact of Disability on Employment in Wales using Linked Data Author: Aideen Ahern, Swansea University

The overall aim of this research is to show the unique contribution data-linking can make to the evidence base on the impact of disability on economic outcomes. By linking survey data (National Survey for Wales) and administrative data (Welsh Demographic Service (WDS), GP event data, Patient Episode Database for Wales (PEDW), and A and E data) we hope to compare the medical history/pathways between individuals who report disability and those who do not. At the same time we will explore the effects that disability status has on employment status within Wales. This projects hopes to increase the understanding of the relationships between disability and employment, to further inform policy makers and to create awareness among researchers of the benefits of using linked data.

Title: Newid Ymddygiad Ieithyddol: Effaith rhagosodiadau ieithyddol ar ryngwynebau cyfrifiadurol Author: Gwenno Griffith, Cardiff University

Nid yw’r nifer o siaradwyr Cymraeg sy’n defnyddio technoleg Cymraeg mor uchel ag y gallai fod, sydd yn broblem gynyddol wrth i gyhoeddiad META-NET yn 2013 ddatgelu fod 21 o’r 80 o ieithoedd Ewropeaidd mewn perygl o farwolaeth ddigidol. Bydd y cyflwyniad hwn yn mynd i’r afael a’r broblem o ddiffyg defnydd gan gynyddu’r niferoedd sydd yn defnyddio rhyngwynebau cyfrifiadurol yn Gymraeg drwy edrych ar wersi newid ymddygiad. Mae newid ymddygiad yn cyfuno gwersi seicoleg a gwersi economeg er mwyn dod i ddeall sut mae ymennydd bodau dynol yn gweithio. Cyfeirir at rai o fframweithiau fwyaf poblogaidd newid ymddygiad sef Nudge (Thaler a Sunstein 2008)a MINDSPACE (Dolan et al. 2010). Cymhwysir gwersi o newid ymddygiad i ystyriaethau ymarferol drwy ddefnyddio methodoleg Arbrofion Rheoledig ar Hap (Randomised Controlled Trials). Canolbwyntia’r cyflwyniad hwn ar un arbrawf penodol sydd yn mesur effaith rhagosodiadau yng Nghyngor Gwynedd. Y mae canlyniadau’r arbrawf yn dangos bod siaradwyr Cymraeg yn dueddol o lynu wrth iaith ragosodedig boed hynny’n Gymraeg neu Saesneg, ond o roi dewis cyfartal rhwng y ddwy iaith, y mae’r mwyafrif yn dewis defnyddio’r Gymraeg.

Note: This paper will be delivered in Welsh. Simultaneous translation will be available.

Parallel 2C—Panel Discussion: Civil Society

Title: Civil Society: Participation in Place and Over Time (PART 1) Presenters: David Dallimore, Robin Mann, Marta Eichstellar and Howard Davis, Bangor University (Note: Part 2 takes place in Session 3)

Panel Members: Graham Day, Ryhs Jones (Aberystwyth University), Paul Chambers (University of South Wales) and Fiona Liddell (Volunteering Development Manager, WCVA)

It has been suggested that, in the context of contemporary social and economic change, there has been a weakening and hollowing of civil society institutions, cohesion and a perceived fall in participation in activities. However, the theory of a decline in associational activity has also been challenged, with research pointing instead to a more nuanced landscape of local civil society.

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Our ongoing research explores ordinary people’s experiences and narratives of participation within one particular place in North East Wales. Through combining ethnographic and biographical narrative interview methods we address issues of continuity and change in participation in grassroots civil society organisations at the local level. Our initial findings point to a range of changing patterns and practices in local civil society. This panel session will present for discussion evidence from our research across a number of themes including:

 Topic A: Links between economic change and civil society  Topic B: Religion and civil society

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Keynote Speaker: 3.15pm

Andrew Oswald

Professor of Economics, University of Warwick

Happiness around the World: An Introduction to the Scientific Evidence

Chair: Philip Murphy, Professor of Economics Swansea University

Andrew Oswald is a Professor of Economics at the University of Warwick. His work lies mainly at the border between economics and behavioural science, and includes the empirical study of human happiness. He serves on the board of editors of Science.

Previously at Oxford and the London School of Economics, with spells as Lec- turer, Princeton University (1983-4); De Walt Ankeny Professor of Economics, Dartmouth College (1989-91); Jacob Wertheim Fellow, Harvard University (2005); Visiting Fellow, Cornell University (2008); Research Director, IZA Bonn (2011-12). He is an ISI Highly-Cited Researcher.

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Session Three: 16.15 - 17:45

Parallel 3A

Title: Using History, Culture and Heritage for Social and Economic Regeneration: The Experience of the Fusion Programme Author: Martin O’Neill, Cardiff University

The Welsh Government’s Communities First initiative, aimed at tackling inequality and poverty in the most disadvantaged communities in Wales, has now been in place for fifteen years. Although the programme has undergone a number of iterations it has remained community focussed. Most recently the Pioneer/Fusion areas have been established, in response to the Andrews’ report, with the aim of eliminating barriers to cultural participation and to use engagement in cultural activity to boost skills, self-esteem and aspiration and ultimately contribute to addressing social and economic inequality. The programme represents a collaboration between Welsh Government, local authorities, community groups, third sector organisation, Universities and other cultural stakeholders.

This presentation will provide an account, from the team involved in the Strong Communities Healthier People (SCHeP) engagement project at Cardiff University, of their involvement in the first year of the Pioneer/Fusion initiative and a reflection on the potential and challenges of adopting such an approach and the lessons learned. By reflecting on these activities it will provide an analysis of the role culture can play in regeneration andprovide useful knowledge that could inform further developments both in the established Fusion/Pioneer areas and elsewhere.

Title: Civil Society, ‘Traditional Values’ and LGBT Resistance to Heteronormative Rights Hegemony: Analysis of the UN Universal Periodic Review in the Russian Federation Author: Paul Chaney, Cardiff University

Advanced on both international and domestic fronts, the prevailing political ‘project’ of the Kremlin has been to strategically frame human rights as heteronormative, integral to the protection of ‘traditional values’ and inimical to identity-based homonormative LGBT rights claims. This paper examines the role of civil society as a political space for resistance to this agenda. It uses critical discourse analysis to compare state and civil society language-use and strategical framing in reports submitted to the second-cycle United Nations’ Universal Periodic Review (UPR). The findings show that ‘frame dis-alignment’ is a key pathology in contemporary HR treaty implementation in the region. The wider significance of the present study is threefold: it offers an original transferable methodology, highlights the role of strategical framing in civil society resistance, and questions the efficacy of the UPR system in upholding LGBT rights because of issues of performativity and legitimation.

Title: Higher Education and Civil Society: An Exploration of Graduates’ Engagement in Civil Society Authors: Ceryn Evans and Stuart Fox, Cardiff University

The expansion of higher education (HE) in the UK has arguably led to the most dramatic sociological shift of the last fifty years. Its consequences for patterns of entry to HE and graduate employment have been well rehearsed. Yet, to date, there has been little exploration of the relationship between the expansion of HE and the structuring of social relations. Drawing upon data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), as well as qualitative interviews conducted with 50 Welsh citizens, the paper examines the relationship between HE participation, as well as participation in HE before and after mass expansion, and engagement in local civil society. The research shows that the evolution of the HE system in the UK has led to changes in the contribution of graduates to civil society and levels of social capital, as expressed in formal civic participation. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the

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implications of these findings for our understandings about the role of HE in the structuring of social life, as well as of the study’s contribution to debates about the conceptualisation and measurement of human and social capital.

Parallel 3B

Title: Code-switching in Bilingual Classrooms in Wales Author: Jessica Clapham, Bangor University

This paper presents the findings from qualitative research investigating teachers’ use of code-switching in bilingual classrooms in Wales. The results of the 2001 census show a slight increase in the proportion of Welsh speakers in Wales, to 21%. This change, combined with increasing governmental support for the Welsh language suggests that we may now be entering a period of stable Welsh-English bilingualism for those who speak Welsh.

At present there is very little research into the bilingual interface in Wales. Ideally, the findings will contribute to the debate on multilingual practice as a natural and effective means of language teaching as well as a force for intercultural understanding.

The study has two main objectives. Firstly, to investigate how far teachers employ code-switching as a strategy and their reasons for doing so. Secondly, to explore how far, and in what ways, these teachers’ identities undergo a process of transformation as a result of their experiences of the research process.

It is anticipated that the study will provide a number of useful insights into the dynamic interplay between code- switching and learning as a legitimate way of using a shared language to scaffold pupils’ learning.

Title: Newid Ymddygiad Iaith: marchnata, y negesydd a phensaernïaeth dewis darpariaeth addysg uwch cyfrwng Cymraeg Author: Osian Elias, Aberystwyth University

Mae’r agenda newid ymddygiad eisoes wedi cydio yng nghylchoedd polisi'r Deyrnas Gyfunol. Yn niweddariad polisi iaith Llywodraeth Cymru, Bwrw Mlaen, gwelwn awgrym bod ymwybyddiaeth o’r agenda newid ymddygiad wedi treiddio i ymdrechion cynllunio iaith. Serch hyn, mae’n ymddangos mae tameidiog ac anfwriadol yw’r defnydd a'r dylanwad o syniadau newid ymddygiad ar ymdrechion cynllunio iaith yng Nghymru. Bydd y papur hwn yn canolbwyntio ar un astudiaeth achos penodol i ymchwilio i’r dybiaeth yma yn fanylach, gan ystyried pa werth sydd i ddefnyddio syniadau newid ymddygiad mewn perthynas ag ymdrechion cynllunio iaith?

Cynigia’r papur hwn astudiaeth achos o’r defnydd o system gofrestru awtomatig ar gyfer cofrestru myfyrwyr Cymraeg eu hiaith ar ddarpariaeth addysg uwch cyfrwng Cymraeg. Mae cofrestru awtomatig yn arf polisi sy’n deillio o’r gwyddorau ymddygiadol, ac mae’r astudiaeth achos yma yn cynnig gwerth penodol wrth ystyried y defnydd o dechnegau newid ymddygiad yng nghynllunio iaith. Mae’r astudiaeth achos yma yn un o’r astudiaethau achos sydd yn cyfrannu at waith ymchwil doethurol sydd yn ymchwilio i’r defnydd a'r dylanwad o syniadau newid ymddygiad mewn perthynas â chynllunio iaith yng Nghymru.

Note: This paper will be delivered in Welsh. Simultaneous translation will be available.

Title: Input factors affecting ‘bilingual catch-up’ in minority language contexts: evidence from teenagers’ acquisition of vocabulary in Welsh. Author: Hannah Binks, Bangor University

This study explored language input, and social factors affecting the acquisition of vocabulary in Welsh-English bilingual teenagers, attending Welsh-medium schools. Previous research has shown that bilinguals tend to acquire

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vocabulary slower than monolinguals because they do not receive as much input on average to each language. However, with increased exposure to both languages, what gaps exist between monolingual and bilingual individuals can diminish by adulthood. However, when the language is a minority language, opportunities to receive sufficient amounts of exposure to ‘catch-up’ are limited. Previous studies on Welsh-English bilingual children have shown that children from mixed language homes and English homes still lagged behind children from Welsh language homes on measures of receptive vocabulary at age 11, however, with increased exposure to Welsh the gap between the three groups should even out, with those from English and Welsh-English backgrounds reaching comparable attainment levels to those from Welsh backgrounds. Results suggested that with increased language input of Welsh, those from English and Welsh-English backgrounds do 'catch-up' with their Welsh first language peers.

Title: Language policy, learning and citizenship in times of superdiversity: creating spaces for ‘new speakers’ Author: Gwennan Higham, Cardiff University

Sociolinguistic research increasingly shows a need to rethink how we view the relationship between language, citizenship and the community as a result of globalization and changing migration patterns (Blommaert 2012). Redefining such concepts is particularly called for in the domain of language policy. Although devolution to Wales has given rise to Welsh language measures and education policies, issues of citizenship and integration are dominated by nation state discourses, consequently overlooking the polycentricity of integration and participation. This paper will thus consider citizenship as ‘being able to participate fully’ in local educational and community settings (Ramanathan 2012). As a consequence, we argue that increasingly divergent new speaker profiles require language policy and citizenship regimes to be reconceptualised and localized.

This paper will draw on three separate sociolinguistic studies with different profiles of new speakers of Welsh. Each contribution will exchange commonalities drawn from qualitative, ethnographically informed data and consider how new speakers act as stakeholders in interpreting more local forms of citizenship and (dis)citizenship. Thus, we will argue that despite the need for a holistic view on language policy and planning, policies need to be multi-sited, allowing room for creativity, inclusivity and the adoption of transversal spaces of use (Rutter 2015).

Note: This paper will be delivered in Welsh. Simultaneous translation will be available.

Parallel 3C—Panel Discussion: Civil Society

Title: Civil Society: Participation in Place and Over Time (PART 2) Presenters: David Dallimore, Robin Mann, Marta Eichstellar and Howard Davis, Bangor University

Panel Members: Graham Day, Ryhs Jones (Aberystwyth University), Paul Chambers (University of South Wales) and Fiona Liddell (Volunteering Development Manager, WCVA)

It has been suggested that, in the context of contemporary social and economic change, there has been a weakening and hollowing of civil society institutions, cohesion and a perceived fall in participation in activities. However, the theory of a decline in associational activity has also been challenged, with research pointing instead to a more nuanced landscape of local civil society.

Our ongoing research explores ordinary people’s experiences and narratives of participation within one particular place in North East Wales. Through combining ethnographic and biographical narrative interview methods we address issues of continuity and change in participation in grassroots civil society organisations at the local level. Our initial findings point to a range of changing patterns and practices in local civil society. This panel session will present for discussion evidence from our research across a number of themes including:

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 Topic C: Culture, language and generational change  Topic D: Volunteering, activism, mobilisation and the Third Sector

Parallel 3D

Title: Wales: What do young people think of it? Authors: Dan Evans, Sally Power, Mirain Rhys, Kevin Smith and Chris Taylor, Cardiff University

Although it might be argued that national pride has increased since parliamentary devolution in 1999, Wales has been subject to an ongoing negative commentary about its performance in relation to a number of key areas. This paper explores the extent to which these narratives have influenced children and young people’s relationship with Wales through examining their responses to a series of questions about what they see as the country’s ‘best’ and ‘worst’ attributes and its desirability as a place of future residence.

Title: Sense of belonging as an indicator of social capital Author: Miyoung Ahn, Bangor University

Social capital is crucial to civil society and wellbeing, but there is no general consensus on how to define and measure it. It is often considered to relate to main components including resources (networks), behaviour (participation), and values (trust) which are difficult to operationalise in surveys. This paper reports on research which started out as an investigation of students’ sense of belonging to university. Data was collected by asking 420 participants to write down up to ten words which came to mind when they thought about their belonging to Bangor University. The ‘10 words survey’ data was amenable to qualitative thematic and statistical analysis. The four main empirically-derived domains of belonging were found to be academic, social, environmental, and personal. The findings suggest that students’ sense of belonging to university is strongly associated with social capital. Further analysis demonstrates that there is significant overlap with each of the main components of social capital. Yet the research instrument avoids using terminology of social capital and does not pre-judge the relative importance of different domains. The paper opens up the possibility that sense of belonging data can be used as a simple alternative indicator of social capital.

Title: Local civil society in an age of connectivity: some conceptual and contextual considerations Author: Michael Woods, Aberystywth University

The increasing global connectedness of localities has thrown into question the meaning, structure and practice of local civil society, with traditional expressions and organizational frameworks challenged by the emergence of more elective forms of belonging and atomistic forms of citizenship on the one hand, and by the rise of global consciousness and rescaling of social and political activism on the other. This paper introduces a project in the ESRC WISERD/Civil Society Research Centre that will explore the resulting redefinition of local civil society through case study research in three localities in Wales. In particular, the paper establishes the conceptual and contextual foundations for the research, drawing on secondary sources to document evidence of the changing character of local civil society and considering conceptual models that may assist in analysing these processes, including relational spatial theory and progressive cosmopolitanism. From this initial review, the paper proposes that in an age of connectivity, the global is not eclipsing the local as a plane of civil society activity, but rather the global and local have been collapsed in a relational politics of connectivity and propinquity, in which articulations of global consciousness and solidarity are grounded in situated performances of local civil society.

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Day 2: Thursday 14 July

Keynote Speaker: 9.30am

Mike Hout Professor of Sociology and Director of the Center for Advanced Social Science Research (CASSR), New York University

Estimating the Total Effects of Social Origins

Chair: Melanie Jones, Professor of Management Economics, Cardiff University

Michael Hout is Professor of Sociology and Director of the Center for Advanced Social Science Research (CASSR). Mike Hout uses demographic methods to study social change in inequality, religion, and politics. His current work uses the General Social Survey panel to study Americans' changing perceptions of class, religion, and their place in society. In 2006, Mike and Claude Fischer published Century of Difference, a book on twentieth-century social and cultural trends in the United States. The Truth about Conservative Christians with Andrew Greeley (University of Chicago Press, 2006) explored the social and political context of the religious right. A couple of illustrative papers include "How Class Works: Subjective Aspects of Class Since the 1970s" in a book edited by Annette Lareau and Dalton Conley (Russell Sage Foundation 2008), "The Demographic Imperative in Religious Change" (Am. J. of Soc., Sept. 2001) and "How 4 Million Irish Immigrants Came to be 40 Million Irish Americans" (with Josh Goldstein, Am. Soc. Rev., April 1994). Previous books are: Following in Father's Footsteps: Social Mobility in Ireland (Harvard Univ. Press 1989) and, with five Berkeley colleagues, Inequality by Design (Princeton Univ. Press, 1996).

Mike Hout's honors include election to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1997, the National Academy of Sciences in 2003, and the American Philosophical Society in 2006. Mike's education includes a bachelor's degree from the University of Pittsburgh in history and sociology and masters and doctorate from Indiana University in sociology. Before coming to NYU in 2013, he taught at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1985 to 2013, and before that he taught at the University of Arizona from 1976 to 1984.

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Session Four: 10:45—12.15 Parallel 4A

Title: An investigation of rail crew fatigue and wellbeing: A fast track fatigue test Author: Jialin Fan, Cardiff University

Fatigue is a major problem in the railway industry. It not only brings long-term ill health to the train staffs but also has a negative impact on safety. A fatigued worker will feel tired, sleepy and lack motivation, will react more slowly and make decisions which possibly brings a reduction in the train safety. Increased evidence from the Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) report shows that working long weekly hours over long periods raises the risk of accidents and incidents. In order to better manage fatigue in workplace, a convenient and sensitive fatigue measurement is needed. The initially survey result of this research shows the occupational fatigue, indeed, isa problem in train crews and high job demands increases fatigue. At this stage, an online fast track fatigue test which integrates with both subjective measures and objective measures is developed. This will be followed by validating the sensitivity and usability of this test with university student participants before handing in to train crews. The validation experiment is interested in measuring the performance at time of day and before and after different workloads.

Title: The lived experiences of individuals within mutual caring relationships where there is a learning disability Author: Angharad Parr, Swansea University

The aim of this research is to build upon the current and limited knowledge base regarding the lived experiences of individuals within mutual caring relationships where there is a learning disability (LD). Past research has argued that there needs to be greater awareness of mutual caring among health and social care professionals with a need to identify the issues, needs and support provision for mutual carers. Often, caring roles provided by individuals with LD are unrecognised and unsupported (Foundation for people with learning disabilities, 2010). This research aims to increase awareness and recognition of mutual caring relationships where there is a LD, provide insight into lived experiences, and raise awareness of the support needs of mutual carers. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 51 mutual carers and 32 professionals to enable a multi-perspective approach in exploring lived experiences. Three key themes emerged from a qualitative data analysis and include the following: ‘Transitions’, ‘Identity’, and ‘Empowerment/Disempowerment’. This research has the potential to impact upon the lives of mutual carers at many levels. This impact includes: increased awareness and recognition for mutual carers, identifying gaps in service provision and exploring additional resources needed to meet the needs of individuals within mutual caring relationships.

Title: 'Our Place' an informal drop in centre for young parents Author: Joyce Kenkre, University of South Wales

‘Our Place’ is an informal ‘drop in’ centre to improve the health and wellbeing of young parents and their children through:

 Developing self-confidence and social and communication skills by mixing with their peers in a relaxed, non- judgmental social setting.  Taster sessions for healthy lifestyles including, nutrition, exercise, creative activities, money management, life and home making skills.  Breaking the cycle of isolation and improving life opportunities for both parent and child, enhancing the parent/child relationship.

Lessons learnt include that age is no indicator of the problems that parents face. Support has been given to parents

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facing domestic violence, homelessness, babies deemed at risk and sadly cot death. This support enables young parents to deal with issues, looking for solutions that they implement themselves knowing they have support of staff and their new social network. They no longer have to cope on their own, their children benefit from a more relaxed mum and social interaction with other babies/toddlers.

Young parents have gained confidence and used their new found voice to inform organisations about the issues they face. More importantly they are taking charge of their lives and have become better decision makers improving their family life along the way.

Parallel 4B

Title: Comparing the fall and rise of Welsh and Cornish: past, present, future Author: Dave Sayers, Sheffield Hallam and Cardiff University

Welsh has survived over the centuries due to specific historical conditions. Industrialisation buttressed Welsh by reducing the need to emigrate. Translation of the Bible and other scripture delivered certain prestige, subsequently linking Welsh with literacy. Nationalist thought has long mobilised Welsh, symbolising Welsh uniqueness. Finally, there is the Welsh-speaking diaspora, across the UK and abroad, perhaps foremost the USA and Patagonia. How do these topics compare to Welsh’s geographically closest Celtic sibling, Cornish? The rise of mining also meant plentiful jobs in Cornwall, but Cornish use was already so sporadic by then that intra-migration around Cornwall further diluted Cornish into extinction. The Bible was never translated, giving none of the same prestige or links to literacy. Cornish was arguably among the demands of pre-nationalist struggles for equality; and has certainly informed modern nationalist sentiment, though less explicitly than in Wales – related to different policy incentives. Finally, despite some Cornwall-USA correspondence in Cornish, ‘diaspora’ has had little influence in Cornwall. Following these historical comparisons I draw contemporary comparisons of language planning in Wales and Cornwall. I consider the growing dialogue between the two as the Cornish revival gains momentum, and what this might mean for their possible futures.

Title: Unravelling the global wool assemblage Authors: Laura Jones, Jesse Heley and Michael Woods, Aberystwyth University

Sheep are synonymous with rurality in both material and imaginative terms; from their long-standing role in meat and textile production networks, to their positioning within discursive constructions of domesticated nature and countryside stewardship. With neoliberal globalization processes introducing new networks of global connectivity into rural localities, so these existing local assemblages of human & non-human entities are arguably being re-made in new relations, expressions and formations. One such expression can be found within the contours of the global wool trade, where market forces and environmental factors have combined to redefine the value of sheep’s wool to UK farmers in recent years.

This paper applies an assemblage reading to the contemporary global woollen industry, in order to draw out and examine the more-than-human dimensions of globalization, which link sheep grazing on the hills of mid Wales to the Chinese textile industry, and beyond. Specifically, we trace the interactions and interdependencies between human and non-human, organic and inorganic, technical and natural components of the global wool assemblage through various stages of wool production, processing, marketing, and consumption. Through the example of wool, we develop a broader argument for more-than-human globalization in understanding how rural societies are negotiating change in the context of neoliberalism.

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Title: Graduate Employment among Chinese Graduates from UK Universities Author: Shijin Zhang, Bangor University

The aim of this research is to explore graduate employment and underemployment among Chinese graduates from UK universities who obtain the qualification of Bachelor, Masters and PhD.

In recent years, more and more Chinese students prefer to pursue their higher education in UK universities. Obtaining higher education in the UK is an investment for them, which not only refers to the considerable tuition fees and living fees, but also includes the courage to experience a different culture in an unfamiliar surrounding far from their families. After their graduation, they face an extremely competitive graduate-related labour market. Although there is a large body of literature on graduate employment, unemployment and underemployment, little is known about these among Chinese graduates from UK universities. This research contributes to addressing this gap. A qualitative research approach is adopted in this research.

The findings of this research will advance scholarship regarding the employment patterns of Chinese graduates in a more globalized labour market. It will also benefit the potential Chinese students who are considering studying in UK universities, and provide UK universities with valuable information about enhancing employability of the large number of Chinese students.

Parallel 4C

Title: A Secondary Analysis of the Cross-Sectional Data Available in the ‘Welsh Health Survey for Children’ to Identify Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Obesity in Wales Author: Claire Beynon, Public Health Wales

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity in children in Wales is approximately 12%. The health problems associated with obesity are estimated at £5.1bn/year in the UK. With childhood obesity come poorer health outcomes; immediately and in the long term.

Aims: To determine risk factors associated with childhood obesity from the Welsh Health Survey (WHS) 2008 to 2011.

Methods: Analysis of 11,279 records from the WHS, from children aged 4-15 years.

Results: The study found an association between childhood obesity and having one or two currently treated illnesses and not meeting the PA recommendations.

Conclusions and implications: This study shows and association between physical activity (which is potentially modifiable) and childhood obesity; and level of currently treated illness and childhood obesity (the management plan for children with chronic illness is potentially modifiable). The recommendations are to ensure that every child meets the PA guidelines , and any child with a chronic illness should receive a holistic package to prevent or manage obesity.

Title: The impact of risk factors on Home-Start support: The relationship between risks and needs Author: Nell Warner, Cardiff University

Evidence suggests that the number of risk factors that a child is exposed to has a bigger effect on child outcomes than individual risk factors and that the effects of multiple risks on outcomes may be mediated by parenting. This highlights the importance of supporting parents in families with multiple risks. Home-Start is a family support charity providing needs-based support to families, mostly with young children, many of whom have complex needs

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and multiple risk factors. Home-Start works according to a theory of change which suggests that social support can lead to improvements in the well-being of parents resulting in increased feelings of parental competence and more adaptive parental behaviour. While there is some evidence to support this theory of change, little is known about the relative efficacy of Home-Start support among families with multiple risk factors, nor how the families level of risk effects the way support is provided. This presentation will highlight preliminary findings from a PhDusing Home-Start UK’s administrative data to investigate the nature and extent of risk factors among families receiving Home-Start support. In particular it will outline how the nature of the risk factors a family has influences their perceived needs in terms of Home-Start support.

Title: Children, charities and schools Authors: Sally Power, Dan Evans, Mirain Rhys, Kevin Smith and Chris Taylor, Cardiff University

This paper examines the relationship between children, charities and schools through drawing on the latest sweep of data from the WISERD Education Multi-cohort study (WMCS). The WCMS has been following children through key stages of their education over the last four years. The cohorts comprise over 1000 children and young people, currently in Years 4, 9 and 11 and 13, attending over 30 different schools and colleges across Wales.

The paper builds on analysis that we began earlier in the study when we asked our young respondents what they would do with £1M. We were surprised then at how many would give all or most of the money away – a finding which contradicts some of the concerns about the increasing consumerism of today’s young people.

This paper develops this theme further through looking at young people’s attitudes towards charities, their preferred charities and the frequency with which they donate to charities. In so doing, it discusses the dominance of medical charities – both in terms of individual preferences and school support. The paper also discusses the extent to which there appears to be a ‘mainstreaming’ of charities into education and the extent to which this may be providing an entry for commercial interests.

Parallel 4D — Workshop: ‘Becoming a Better Teacher’

Workshop title: ‘Becoming a better teacher’: the Welsh experience of being a teacher-inquirer Presenter: Richard Davies, Aberystwyth University

Welsh Government have funded a four year initiative to support newly qualified teachers in Wales. An aspect of the Masters in Educational Practice (MEP) focuses on developing a network of appropriately skilled teacher-inquirers. Late 2015 saw the submission of portfolio reports on some 200 inquiry projects conducted in schools.

Drawing as it does on a range of practitioner research traditions, the approach prepares teachers to be competent members of professional learning communities, including being research literate; being able to lead systematic, transparent enquiries; and on leading pedagogical change.

Academic staff, working with MEP graduates, will curate and report on the best inquiries. The session will utilise video reflections, and both online and face-to-face synchronous long table inquiry discussions with teachers. (The timing of the conference will make it difficult for many in-service teachers to physically attend, but well structured technology use will overcome this.)

This sessions will provide an opportunity to:  hear about, and engage in discussions about particular inquiry projects  consider the value of an extensive, national programme of teacher inquiry  explore, from the perspective of the teacher, issues around becoming a teacher-inquirer  consider the barriers and particular limitations of this approach to teacher development

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Session Five: 13:00—14.30

Parallel 5A

Title: Minority language prejudices and their impacts: the Breton language example Author: Riwanon Callac, University of Rennes 2

The Breton language is no longer as widely transmitted within families and is no longer used in public spaces as it was before. Nowadays, more than half of Breton-speaking people are over sixty-five years old. This sometimes leads to the institutionalisation of persons and of their social uses. In such cases, the lesser used language appears and people’s behaviours, for example denying speaking a language, reveals sociolinguistic features of common public situations. Prejudices about the language at different times of history arise again. In Wales, some training careers take the Welsh language into account and language policies do exist for healthcare. The linguistic practices of both countries and their use in healthcare services, but also the sociolinguistic similarities, the different languages policies and social histories, seem conducive to the realisation of a comparison. This paper will examine how much representation Breton has for those who speak it as a mother-tongue and what it implies in health services and care situations. Do language policies influence people’s representation of their language and to what extent does it change practices? Observations in retirement homes in Brittany, as well as structured interviews of professionals and specialists are the main data sources.

Title: Education research and teacher education in Wales Authors: Sally Power and Chris Taylor, Cardiff University

This presentation reports the findings of a national survey designed to assess the extent and level of research activity of academic staff working in the area of education in Wales. There have been ongoing concerns about a decline in the volume and quality of educational research being conducted in Wales - as measured by successive research assessment exercises. This survey was designed to gain a more nuanced picture of the situation, through gathering data on the attributes of those working in the field and to assess their orientations towards and engagement with research. The survey finds that their relationship with research can take a number of forms, but that there continues to be a strong belief in the value of education research. The paper identifies a number of barriers to increasing the research capacity in Wales and considers some of the ways in which these might be reduced.

Title: The experience of 'supervised birth family contact': perspectives, roles and its purposeful use Author: Jo Pye, Swansea University

This study explores the phenomenon of supervised birth family contact (SBFC) for Looked After Children (LAC). This is a current and debated topic (Family Justice Review 2011, Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act).

LAC have been found to be at risk of a range of poor outcomes in many areas. The impact of birth family contact (BFC) on the well-being of LAC has been found to vary, reflecting the individuality and complexity of individuals and their circumstances. Research highlights the potential of differing perspectives, roles and experiences to impact upon the promotion of positive BFC. However, there is a notable lack of consultation with key individuals involved in SBFC.

The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of the ‘lived’ experience of SBFC from multiple perspectives; contact supervisors, social workers, young people, carers and birth family members within an identified contact centre. A multi-phase mixed method approach was used to explore the experiences, roles and relationships of different groups of participants and whether/how these impact upon the process of SBFC.

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It is hoped that this study will be useful in informing practice and policy in relation to the promotion of purposeful SBFC for LAC.

Title: Family and Community Engagement: scoping the field Author: Cristala Sopocleous, University of Wales Trinity St David

The paper will present findings from empirical research exploring how schools are responding to the school-led family and community engagement agenda promoted by the Welsh Government. Taking up the role of Labour Education Minister, Huw Lewis made ‘closing the gap’ one of his key priorities. Adopting free-school-meal eligibility as a proxy for poverty, this discourse turns on the premise that involving parents and the wider community in which they live within schools, can have a direct and positive impact on the attainment of the poorest children.

Using purposeful sampling the research sets out to explore what this means in practice. The paper will address three tasks. First, it will present original empirical findings from six schools and one community based, education- focused project, providing insight into the kinds of activity understood to constitute family and community engagement work. Two, highlight key issues, dilemmas and tensions that are emerging from the research, including problematising understandings of ‘engagement’ and notions of causality; and three, propose areas of work requiring further research.

Parallel 5B — Workshop: CRESC Public Interest Report 2016

Title: Where Does the Money Go? Financialised chains and the crisis in residential care Presenter: Julie Froud, Manchester University

Title: A mixed economy of social care provision: Barriers and Facilitators to Social Enterprises in Wales Presenter: Luke Cowie, Cardiff University

This workshop will provide an overview of the crisis in social care in the UK, address key issues relating to the financialisation of social care services and examine potential solutions to residential and domiciliary care provision. In light of the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act the workshop will address key policy developments in Wales, and reflect on the implementation of changes and highlight pragmatic concerns that affect levels of provision and the development of social enterprises in the field of social care.

Professor Julie Froud is joint author of a CRESC/WISERD public interest report on residential care and will present findings from the report and her work on potential solutions to care provision. Dr Luke Cowie will present findings from a 12 month study of social care commissioning and emerging social enterprise projects in Wales focusing on challenges and opportunities for innovation and experiment in social care provision in the Welsh context.

Parallel 5C

Title: Variations in Civic Participation Amongst Migrant Groups Across the UK Author: Stephen Drinkwater, University of Roehampton

Immigration has become one of the most important public policy issues over the last couple of decades. This has been particularly the case in the UK, which has experienced a large increase in its foreign-born population. An important factor underlying this growth has been higher intra-European migration, especially from Poland and other Central and Eastern European Countries following the enlargement of the EU in 2004. This paper undertakes a statistical investigation of civic participation by migrant groups across the UK, focusing in particular on migrants from Poland. The analysis is mainly based on information from the Understanding Society dataset, the third wave

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of which contains questions on a range of civic participation activities. The analysis particularly focuses on how civic participation varies across recent immigrants to Britain is undertaken. The data are examined both in terms of the propensity to get involved in any such civic activity as well as the types of activities, with a particular emphasis placed on recently arrived Polish migrants, in comparison to other groups. The results indicate that Polish migrants are less likely to participate in civil society, with also some variation in the types of activities that they get involved in.

Title: Why don't more people visit museums? Author: Bella Dicks, Cardiff University

The fact that only a minority of the British population visit museums regularly means that a great deal of their public funding is not directly utilised by the public at large. In the context of austerity, cultural institutions are increasingly required to justify their public role (as can be seen in the Welsh Government's current cultural participation agenda), and the fact that most visitors continue to be from the higher social classes frustrates this. From the work of Pierre Bourdieu in the 1960s to more recent research, sociology tells us that unequal access to cultural institutions is a continuing problem. This paper considers some of the evidence for this, and discusses the explanations that have been put forward. In the process, it suggests how a renewed research agenda might try to tackle this problem.

Title: Justice and Social Innovation: Mobile courts in Pakistan Author: Abid Mehmood, Cardiff University

This paper critically looks at the discussions in social innovation literature in terms of product vs. process dynamics. Social innovation as a process refers to capacity building, governance and empowerment, whereas the product dimension of social innovation relates to the satisfaction of human needs (e.g. through redistribution and provision of public services). Mobile courts are seen as a hybrid between the formal and informal systems of justice in a society to provide means for accessible, inexpensive, and expeditious justice with preference for mediation and dispute resolution. Looking at the establishment of mobile courts in Pakistan during the past few years we explore the importance of both process and product aspects in promoting social equality especially in the remote and deprived areas. The case study involved purposive sampling, document analysis and semi-structured interviews. Primary data was codified through splitting and slicing to achieve a deeper insight. The findings reveal a positive reception of the initiative among professionals, policy circles and citizens due to mobile courts’ preference for mediation rather than punishment. However, a number of discrepancies are observed in terms of civil society participation, institutional capacity building and sustainability of the initiatives.

Title: People, place and devolution: bounded notions of politics for 14 to 17 year olds living in Wales Author: Sioned Pearce, Cardiff University

Political concerns among young people living in Wales, a socio-economically diverse and politically devolving territory of the United Kingdom, are presented here. The aim is to offer insight into the way 14 to 17 year olds, who have not known a time before devolution, articulate ‘politics’.

This age group are not part of the electorate and, for this reason, their age-specific concerns may not be a priority for political parties. However, they are directly affected by political decisions and hold views on political issues at UK and Welsh scale. Views are presented here building on Scully's (2013) findings on young people’s attitudes to devolution and Scully and Jones' (2015) work on public legitimisation of devolved government in Wales.

Located within theory on notions of identity at neighbourhood and regional level (Passi 2013; Jones, Goodwin, Jones and Simpson 2004), the results reveal that the group understand, define and articulate politics in relation to personal experience often, but not always, linked to space, scale and devolved territory.

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Parallel 5D

Title: The Pupils' Debate: How do pupils in Wales feel about learning and speaking Welsh? Authors: Kevin Smith and Mirain Rhys, Cardiff University

In 2011 A Living Language: A language for living was published by the Welsh Government outlining a strategy to increase the use of Welsh. The Welsh education system is viewed as vitally important to the future of the Welsh language, particularly in terms of how children and young people acquire and use Welsh. However, there is little research regarding the attitudes young people have regarding the Welsh language, or perhaps more important, the value of its use.

Building on previous statistical data, this research details the proceedings of a “pupils’ debate” regarding the Welsh language. A focus group of pupils who were proponents, opponents and ambivalent towards the Welsh dialectically discussed their experiences and opinions of the language, particularly as it related to their language of instruction and experience of curricula for Welsh as a first and second language.

Analysed through a constructivist lens, the data from this discussion provide insight as to the meaning and value of the Welsh language is constructed by pupils and illuminate important social, cultural and economic dimensions of the pupils’ perspectives - factors which, in turn, can potentially enhance future strategies for increasing the acquisition, use and appreciation for Welsh in Wales.

Title: Gender Inequalities in Children's Lives and Subjective Well-Being: An International Comparison Author: Gwyther Rees, Cardiff University

This paper will present new findings on gender differences in children's lives and subjective well-being in a diverse range of countries, and will explore the extent to which these differences are associated with general indicators of gender inequality within countries. This topic has received very little previous research attention.

The findings will be drawn from the Children's Worlds study - an international survey of children's lives and well- being. The current wave of the survey has already been conducted with over 50,000 children aged 8 to 12 in 16 countries across four continents.

It will describe the extent of gender differences within countries in terms of children’s overall subjective well-being; their evaluations of specific aspects of their lives – for example, safety in different environments, expectations for the future; and their daily lives – for example, time spent on educational, leisure and family-focused activities.

The paper will explore the links between this evidence and indicators of overall societal gender inequality in order to address two questions:

1. Do countries with greater gender equality have higher levels of children’s subjective well-being? 2. Is greater gender inequality at a societal level associated with greater gender inequality in children’s experiences and subjective well-being?

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Title: The impact of different employment contracts on well-being, controlling for selectivity issues Author: Samuel Brown, Swansea University

I am looking at the impact that different employment contracts, especially part-time employment, has on the well- being of individuals in the UK. This will be done by looking at the Annual Population Survey (APS) 2014. As I am only looking at a certain group of individuals (those in employment), it is important also to consider selectivity bias, the issue that the results may not fully reflect the population as a sub-group has been omitted from the analysis. In order to overcome this issue I will consider the Generalized Ordered Probit with Selectivity (GOPS), which performs analysis taking into account those individuals outside of the normal analysis.

Title: How Effective are Place Based Approaches to the Delivery of Public Services? Author: Dan Bristow, Cardiff University

The way public services are governed, structured and funded has long been called into question. Public sector organisations are spending money on the same individuals in the same places in uncoordinated ways leading to duplication, waste and confusion. Funding is focused largely on treating social and economic problems rather than on prevention, and a lack of local fiscal autonomy means the level of spending and the distribution between services is often controlled by central government leaving little discretion for services to be tailored to local needs. In recent years there has been a succession of policy initiatives to bring decision making closer to communities and to decentralise government. The idea of localism as a way of governing, thinking and decision making has gathered traction in the UK and beyond, evolving from a way to design ‘add ons’ to mainstream services to a large-scale approach to the delivery of public services and achieving national priorities. With policy proposals and deals for local government devolution to combined authorities upon us it is important that we consider the evidence base on place based approaches and learn lessons from the smaller scale localised policy initiatives which have been popular over the last 50 years.

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Keynote Speaker: 2.45pm

David Grusky Professor of Sociology, Stanford University

The Death of the American Dream? New Evidence on Trends in Social Mobility from Administrative and Survey Data Chair: Dr Sin Yi Cheung, Cardiff University

David B. Grusky is Barbara Kimball Browning Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences, Director of the Stanford Centre on Poverty and Inequality, and co-editor of Pathways Magazine.

His research addresses the changing structure of late-industrial inequality and addresses such topics as (a) the role of rent-seeking and market failure in explaining the take-off in income inequality, (b) the amount of economic and social mobility in the U.S. and other high-inequality countries (with a particular focus on the “Great Gatsby” hypothesis that opportunities for social mobility are declining), (c) the role of essentialism in explaining the persistence of extreme gender inequality, (d) the forces behind recent changes in the amount of face-to -face and online cross-class contact, and (e) the putative decline of big social classes.

He is also involved in projects to improve the country’s infrastructure for monitoring poverty, inequality, and mobility by exploiting administrative and other forms of “big data” more aggressively. His recent books include Social Stratification (2014), Occupy the Future (2013), The New Gilded Age (2012), The Great Recession (2011), The Inequality Reader (2011), and The Inequality Puzzle (2010).

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Session Six: 15:45 - 17.15

Parallel 6A—Communicating Social Science: Methods for Communication & Engagement

Cardiff sciSCREEN: Engaging publics in research through cinema Jamie Lewis, Cardiff University

Blogging as a research output Stuart Fox, Cardiff University

A sociological study of impact as a concept in academic research on civil society Sioned Pearce, Cardiff University

Public engagement for whom?: thoughts from and reflections on two 'public engagement' projects Kate Moles, Cardiff University and Kimberley Jones, Ely & Caerau Children’s Centre

Parallel 6B

Title: Disability Onset, Disability Exit, and Welfare Benefit Receipt: A Difference-in-Difference Propensity Score Matching Approach Author: Melanie Jones, Cardiff University

There is consensus in the dynamics of disability and labour supply literature that disability onset leads to a decline in employment and earnings and an increase in applications for and receipt of disability insurance. But important questions remain. How does disability onset impact on welfare benefit receipt beyond disability insurance? How does disability exit impact on benefit receipt? To what extent do these relationships vary for individuals with different socio-economic characteristics, in different labour-market contexts, and under different disability benefit regimes? This paper addresses these questions exploiting rarely-used longitudinal data constructed from the UK Local Labour Force Survey, combining propensity score matching with difference-in-differences methods to draw plausibly causal inferences. We show: (i) disability onset has an immediate and persistent positive impact on receipt of disability and other welfare payments; (ii) disability exit has an immediate and persistent negative impact on receipt of disability and other benefits.

Title: Pay Discrimination in the UK’s Public and Private Sectors: Sexual Orientation Author: James Healy, Swansea University

Using various econometric methods, on WERS2011 employee-employer matched data, we have examined if sexual orientation pay discrimination exists in either, or both, the UK's Public and Private sectors. Since the work of Arabsheibani (2004; 2005) on gay pay in the UK, there has been an interest in this area, but a limitation due to the recorded data.

This study allows us to examine how sexual orientation in the workplace may be discriminated against. There is an extensive literature on the gender pay gap, racial discrimination, and other more obviously observable characteristics of individuals.

Introduction of the Equality Act 2010 states that a person's sexual orientation should not be discriminated against. So our study will show if this Act has worked for those in employment, and also to confirm if the public or private sector is a better employer, in terms of no, or minimal discrimination.

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Title: “Mind the gap”: a narrative account of anticipatory stakeholder responses to redundancy at Wylfa nuclear power plant, Anglesey Author: Alex Plows, Bangor University

This is an ethnographic narrative of supply and demand interventions by key local stakeholders in the de-industrialised peripheral labour market of Anglesey, North Wales, in anticipation of forthcoming redundancies at Wylfa nuclear power station. Despite these key interventions by stakeholders, who are understood as “Labour Market Intermediaries” (Autor 2008), a first cohort of Wylfa workers facing redundancy in May 2016 will still have to “mind the gap” (Piore 1987, Mckay 1992) in the local labour market. The paper provides empirical detail of what this gap consists of and how stakeholders have been working to tackle it, and assesses the impact of the closure in the light of these findings. The need for better coordination of supply/demand, particularly in the energy sector, has been identified by stakeholders and new initiatives and partnerships are in place. The paper also provides an autobiographical narrative and situated discussion of my own methodological practice, undertaking “embedded participatory action research”.

Title: Using evidence to improve policy and practice: the UK What Works Centres Authors: Dan Bristow, Lauren Carter and Steve Martin, Public Policy Institute for Wales, Cardiff University

The creation of a network of What Works Centres in the UK reflects a belief that the provision ofhigh-quality evidence can improve public policy decisions. The literature on evidence-based policy suggests that rational, technocratic models belie the complex and contested nature of the policy process and that What Works Centres are likely to face a number of challenges as they seek to synthesise and mobilise knowledge. Wide variations are found between the What Works Centres in terms of their resources, the evidence standards they use, their audiences and approaches to transmitting evidence. Tracking their development and their impact over time should, therefore, provide valuable insights about ‘what works’ in promoting evidence based policy and practice. In particular, it may shed further light on what counts as ‘robust’ and ‘useful’ evidence, and what are the most effective means of mobilising research-based knowledge, thereby enhancing our understanding of the contribution that social science research can make to policy and practice.

Parallel 6C

Title: Time and Place: Volunteers and Community Asset Transfer Author: Gareth Lloyd, National Council for Voluntary Organisations

Reduced funding for local authorities, alongside an ideology-driven policy agenda favouring a smaller state and involvement of citizens in local service delivery, has meant that community asset transfer has been identified as a means of implementing these changes, by allowing communities or community groups to take over and maintain public assets. There has however been relatively little evidence on these schemes and the volunteers who carry out them out. This qualitative research sought to investigate motivations, attitudes and experiences in volunteers and paid staff in successful schemes, via a series of interviews and site visits across England, Wales and Scotland.

Findings showed involvement of three types of volunteer: leadership or governance roles, pre-assigned duties, and those who gave time on an episodic basis. Threat to local assets was cited as a major motivator for volunteers, as was enhancement of local facilities. Implications and impact on volunteers were raised, but these varied considerably based on whether volunteers were in leadership/governance, regular or episodic roles. Common challenges included difficulties with moving to formal governance structures, difficulties with regulation, skills deficits, and support structures. The results are discussed in context of wider policy agendas, and the opportunities and drawbacks of asset transfer schemes.

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Title: Boundary spanning: good for science and society? Author: Richard Davies, Aberystwyth University

Creative processes have long been recognised as a dimension of scientific practice and education. Science educators emphasise creativity in learning, and draw on art-making (a strong site for creativity) as effective media for sense-making and communication.

Whilst recognising this use of creativity, this paper seeks to explore a more epistemically fundamental alternative; the need for a differently construed and more porous relationship between other disciplines (arts and social sciences) and natural sciences. In particular, it focuses on the example of complex or ‘wicked’ problems whose resolution is beyond the capacity of single discipline to resolve. For some the move to ‘multi’ or ‘inter’ disciplinary work is insufficiently radical and ‘transdisciplinary’ approaches are preferred. Elements of this approach reflect aspects of the counter-enlightenment, unsurprising since both question the necessity of epistemic space fragmented by isolated, and isolating, ‘academic disciplines’.

In this paper I draw on that counter-enlightenment tradition to explore, and epistemically ground, transdisiplinarity. In doing so I argue for a reconceptualization of school’s curricula structure. For science school subjects to effectively prepare pupils for ongoing careers in science activities, and/or to be scientifically literate citizens requires an integrated engagement between the science, the arts and the social sciences.

Title: Elite city-deals? Welsh city regions and the positioning of civil society actors Author: David Beel and Martin Jones, University of Sheffield and Ian Rees Jones, Cardiff University

Within the UK and as well as further afield, the concept of localism and spatial delineation of the ’city-region’ have seen a renaissance as the de-facto spatial political units of governance for economic development (Clarke & Cochrane, 2013). In the UK this has been led by the UK Government, as they have sought to reshape the ways in which economic development takes place and although this shift in governmental delivery began under New Labour. It has been much vaunted by the UK Coalition Government (Deas, 2013), subsequently by the continuing Conservative administration (Conservative Party, 2015). This has policy landscape has found a presence in Wales too, with the two Welsh city-regions (Cardiff and Swansea) both seeking city-deals the UK and Welsh governments. The process of city-deal making is one conducted by elite actors, focused largely on economic development, with little publication consultation. The paper therefore follows the development of city-regionalism in Wales through these different discourses and (the potentially) unfolding city-deals, this allowing the authors to ask: within a language of localism and devolution where does this position civil society with its focus upon social development.

Title: The Use of the “Routes for Learning” Assessment for Learners with profound and multiple learning difficulties (PMLD) Authors: Jean Ware and Hannah Weston, Bangor University

Aims: Routes for Learning (WAG 2006) is an assessment for learners with Profound and Multiple Learning Difficulties (PMLD) which was developed in Wales. It has been widely adopted by schools for learners with PMLD. This project aims to identify the numbers of schools using it, the reasons they have adopted it, and their perceptions of its advantages and disadvantages.

Method: All schools catering for learners with PMLD in England and Wales will be identified through use of relevant databases and web searches and invited to take part in a brief questionnaire about their use of Routes for Learning. Returned surveys will be analysed using SPSS.

Results: Findings reported will include numbers of schools using Routes for Learning, schools’ rationale for adopting or deciding not to adopt it; perceived advantages and disadvantages of Routes for Learning as an assessment for learners with PMLD.

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Conclusion: The research will identify the extent to which Routes for Learning is used as an assessment tool in UK schools. It will also contribute to knowledge of any of the assessment items which cause particular difficulties, modifications which would make it easier to use, and training which might help schools to use it more successfully.

Parallel 6D

Title: Recognising Social Transformation in Language Revitalisation? Evaluating the language policy and planning frameworks of sub-state governments in Wales and Scotland Authors: Elin Royles and Huw Lewis, Aberystwyth University

Efforts to revitalize the prospects of minority languages are increasingly common across the world, particularly in sub-state nations. Indeed, sub-state revitalization efforts have become more systematic and far-reaching in scope, touching on a range of key social domains. Moreover, in many cases, the state and its related agencies play a more active role in the promotion process. Significantly, these initiatives have occurred against a backdrop of radical social, cultural, economic and political change during a period of fundamental social transformation.

Given that language is essentially a social phenomenon, current changes inevitably have substantial implications for language revitalization. Consequently, the paper uncovers the extent to which a critical awareness is evident in the policy and planning strategies of sub-state governments. It focuses on two UK-based case studies – Welsh in Wales and Gaelic in Scotland. After establishing the nature of the major changes witnessed across Western industrial democracies, the paper utilises content analysis to investigate the degree to which the language revitalization strategies of the Welsh and Scottish Governments give due consideration to such trends. Overall, it evaluate the awareness among language policy makers of the implications of major social changes, and reflects on the implications for language revitalization efforts.

Title: Beyond banal nationalism: language and the automatic production of national space Author: Rhys Jones, Hywel Griffiths and Peter Merriman, Aberystwyth University

The study of banal nationalism has become an important area of research in the social sciences. We maintain that recent developments in the automatic production of space or of code/space - in which computer codes and Big Data are increasingly being used to shape the spatial contours of human existence - is further entrenching unnoticed forms of national socio-spatial consciousness that, arguably, lie beyond banality. Drawing on research conducted on the production of spatial data in the UK - specifically the linguistic forms and place names used in textual and graphical data bases - we explore how the increased automation and standardisation of spatial data is furthering an almost wholly imperceptible form of nationalism. We conclude by discussing the opportunities that might exist to contest forms of nationalism that lie beyond banality.

Title: Language use and attitudes in a minority language community: The case of Wales. Author: Mirain Rhys, Cardiff University

Language use and attitudes have been longstanding and contentious issues within the field of minority language policy. To become bilingual, individuals need input through both languages, (Carlson a Meltzoff, 2008; Baker & Hornberger, 2001) but minority languages aren’t able to thrive without positive attitudes within the community (Mckinnie, Priestly a Hunter, 2009; de Guchteneire, 2002; Ves, 2009). Often, a lack of community support/ infrastructure bears the burden of successful minority language transmission on a single pillar of society; Education, whilst the home and community usually fall short (Williams & Morris, 2000).

Research was conducted in four counties in North Wales with 206 parents/carers from varying language backgrounds (whose children took part in a larger study from which this data is taken). They answered questionnaires asking about their attitudes towards bilingualism, the Welsh language and Welsh medium

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education, as well as how much Welsh they used in particular areas of their lives. All responses were gathered via Likert scale with open text option.

The paper highlights results relating to language attitudes and use, where implications lie for language policy and planning. The results will contribute to the ongoing discussion on how best to proceed in planning for the future of minority languages.

Title: The impact of the LNF and Testing on the Foundation Phase Curriculum in Wales Author: Amanda Thomas, University of South Wales

The Literacy and Numeracy Framework (LNF) was implemented in Wales from September 2013 (for pupils aged 5 – 14 years). This was partly in response to poor results in PISA tests (OECD,2007, 2011) and also due to the lack of coherency and progression identified in the previous Skills Framework (2008); furthermore the ‘Raising Schools Standards’ (2011) cited improving literacy and numeracy as a priority. The LNF has subsequently been embedded into the Foundation Phase Framework (revised 2015) and Curriculum 2008 (KS2) rather than existing as a separate framework. Annual testing is now statutory (since September 2014) and parents will be advised of the results for their child and how they compare nationally.

Empirical research (interviews) was conducted to ascertain the views of head teachers, deputy head teachers, teachers and teacher aides – questions included standards of literacy and numeracy, implications of testing, changes to planning and how it affects a play based curriculum (Foundation Phase). Results were analysed and thematic analysis was employed to provide an overview of practitioner’s views of both of these initiatives.

Closing Address: 5.15pm Professor Ian Rees Jones

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Notes

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Forthcoming Events

Parliamentary Scrutiny and the Programming and Coding in SPSS and Representation of Women and Stata Disabled People: Exploring the Role of 29 September 2016, 9am - 5pm ‘Critical Actors’ in Legislative Settings Aberconway Building, Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University 19 July 2016, 12pm - 1pm 46 Park Place, Cardiff Making the connections between ageing, leisure and economic development International Population Data Linkage 19 October 2016, 5pm - 6pm Conference Aberystwyth University 24 August 2016, 9am - 5pm 25 August 2016, 9am - 5pm Civil Society and Democratization in India 26 August 2016, 9am - 5pm 20 October 2016, 5.30pm- 6.30pm The Great Hall, Swansea University, Bay Campus Main Building, Cardiff University

Using Social Media in Social Research WISERD TCB Event: Study of Civic Society 01 September 2016, 10am - 4.30pm in Wales and the UK Glamorgan Building, Cardiff University 03 November 2016, 9am - 5pm Julian Hodge Building. Cardiff University Wales Labour Market Summit II: Comparing Policy Interventions to Challenge ‘Business as Usual’ For more information about

14 September 2016, 9.30am - 5.00pm WISERD events visit: Thoday Building, Bangor University www.wiserd.ac.uk/events

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