An Interdisciplinary Journal for Holocaust Educators
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Paul Touvier and the Crime Against Humanity'
Paul Touvier and the Crime Against Humanity' MICHAEL E. TIGARt SUSAN C. CASEYtt ISABELLE GIORDANItM SIVAKUMAREN MARDEMOOTOOt Hi SUMMARY I. INTRODUCTION ............................................... 286 II. VICHY FRANCE: THE BACKGROUND ................................ 286 III. TOUVIER'S ROLE IN VICHY FRANCE ................................ 288 IV. THE CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY ................................. 291 A The August 1945 Charter ................................... 291 B. The French Penal Code .................................... 293 C. The Barbie Case: Too Clever by Half ........................... 294 V. THE TouviER LITIGATION ....................................... 296 A The Events SurroundingTouvier's Captureand the PretrialLegal Battle ... 296 B. Touvier's Day in Court ..................................... 299 VI. LEGAL ANALYSIS: THE STATE AGENCY DILEMMA.. ...................... 304 VII. CONCLUSION ............................................... 309 " The idea for this essay began at a discussion of the Touvier trial with Professor Tigar's students at the Facut de Droit at Aix-en-Provence, with the assistance of Professor Andr6 Baldous. Ms. Casey provided further impetus for it by her research assistance on international human rights issues, and continued with research and editorial work as the essay developed. Ms. Giordani researched French law and procedure and obtained original sources. Mr. Mardemootoo worked on further research and assisted in formulating the issues. The translations of most French materials were initially done by Professor Tigar and reviewed by Ms. Giordani and Mr. Mardemootoo. As we were working on the project, the Texas InternationalLaw Journaleditors told us of Ms. Finkelstein's article, and we decided to turn our effort into a complementary piece that drew some slightly different conclusions. if Professor of Law and holder of the Joseph D. Jamail Centennial Chair in Law, The University of Texas School of Law. J# J.D. -
Politicizing the Crime Against Humanity: the French Example
University of Pittsburgh School of Law Scholarship@PITT LAW Articles Faculty Publications 2003 Politicizing the Crime Against Humanity: The French Example Vivian Grosswald Curran University of Pittsburgh School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.pitt.edu/fac_articles Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Courts Commons, Criminal Law Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, European Law Commons, Holocaust and Genocide Studies Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, International Humanitarian Law Commons, International Law Commons, Jurisprudence Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Law and Society Commons, Legal Commons, Legal History Commons, Public Law and Legal Theory Commons, and the Transnational Law Commons Recommended Citation Vivian G. Curran, Politicizing the Crime Against Humanity: The French Example, 78 Notre Dame Law Review 677 (2003). Available at: https://scholarship.law.pitt.edu/fac_articles/424 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Scholarship@PITT LAW. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@PITT LAW. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. PROPTER HONORIS RESPECTUM POLITICIZING THE CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY: THE FRENCH EXAMPLE Vivian Grosswald Curran* C'est une lourde tdche, pour le philosophe, d'arracherles noms a ce qui en prostitue l'usage. Dojd Platon avait toutes les peines du monde d tenirferme sur le mot justice contre l'usage chicanier et versatile qu'en faisaient les sophistes. 1 INTRODUCTION The advantages of world adherence to universally acceptable standards of law and fundamental rights seemed apparent after the Second World War, as they had after the First.2 Their appeal seems ever greater and their advocates ever more persuasive today. -
Theresienstadt Concentration Camp from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Coordinates: 50°30′48″N 14°10′1″E
Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Theresienstadt concentration camp From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates: 50°30′48″N 14°10′1″E "Theresienstadt" redirects here. For the town, see Terezín. Navigation Theresienstadt concentration camp, also referred to as Theresienstadt Ghetto,[1][2] Main page [3] was established by the SS during World War II in the fortress and garrison city of Contents Terezín (German name Theresienstadt), located in what is now the Czech Republic. Featured content During World War II it served as a Nazi concentration camp staffed by German Nazi Current events guards. Random article Tens of thousands of people died there, some killed outright and others dying from Donate to Wikipedia malnutrition and disease. More than 150,000 other persons (including tens of thousands of children) were held there for months or years, before being sent by rail Interaction transports to their deaths at Treblinka and Auschwitz extermination camps in occupied [4] Help Poland, as well as to smaller camps elsewhere. About Wikipedia Contents Community portal Recent changes 1 History The Small Fortress (2005) Contact Wikipedia 2 Main fortress 3 Command and control authority 4 Internal organization Toolbox 5 Industrial labor What links here 6 Western European Jews arrive at camp Related changes 7 Improvements made by inmates Upload file 8 Unequal treatment of prisoners Special pages 9 Final months at the camp in 1945 Permanent link 10 Postwar Location of the concentration camp in 11 Cultural activities and -
A Resource Guide to Literature, Poetry, Art, Music & Videos by Holocaust
Bearing Witness BEARING WITNESS A Resource Guide to Literature, Poetry, Art, Music, and Videos by Holocaust Victims and Survivors PHILIP ROSEN and NINA APFELBAUM Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut ● London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rosen, Philip. Bearing witness : a resource guide to literature, poetry, art, music, and videos by Holocaust victims and survivors / Philip Rosen and Nina Apfelbaum. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index. ISBN 0–313–31076–9 (alk. paper) 1. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945)—Personal narratives—Bio-bibliography. 2. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945), in literature—Bio-bibliography. 3. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945), in art—Catalogs. 4. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945)—Songs and music—Bibliography—Catalogs. 5. Holocaust,Jewish (1939–1945)—Video catalogs. I. Apfelbaum, Nina. II. Title. Z6374.H6 R67 2002 [D804.3] 016.94053’18—dc21 00–069153 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright ᭧ 2002 by Philip Rosen and Nina Apfelbaum All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 00–069153 ISBN: 0–313–31076–9 First published in 2002 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America TM The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 Contents Preface vii Historical Background of the Holocaust xi 1 Memoirs, Diaries, and Fiction of the Holocaust 1 2 Poetry of the Holocaust 105 3 Art of the Holocaust 121 4 Music of the Holocaust 165 5 Videos of the Holocaust Experience 183 Index 197 Preface The writers, artists, and musicians whose works are profiled in this re- source guide were selected on the basis of a number of criteria. -
What Do Students Know and Understand About the Holocaust? Evidence from English Secondary Schools
CENTRE FOR HOLOCAUST EDUCATION What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Stuart Foster, Alice Pettigrew, Andy Pearce, Rebecca Hale Centre for Holocaust Education Centre Adrian Burgess, Paul Salmons, Ruth-Anne Lenga Centre for Holocaust Education What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Cover image: Photo by Olivia Hemingway, 2014 What do students know and understand about the Holocaust? Evidence from English secondary schools Stuart Foster Alice Pettigrew Andy Pearce Rebecca Hale Adrian Burgess Paul Salmons Ruth-Anne Lenga ISBN: 978-0-9933711-0-3 [email protected] British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record is available from the British Library All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism or review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permissions of the publisher. iii Contents About the UCL Centre for Holocaust Education iv Acknowledgements and authorship iv Glossary v Foreword by Sir Peter Bazalgette vi Foreword by Professor Yehuda Bauer viii Executive summary 1 Part I Introductions 5 1. Introduction 7 2. Methodology 23 Part II Conceptions and encounters 35 3. Collective conceptions of the Holocaust 37 4. Encountering representations of the Holocaust in classrooms and beyond 71 Part III Historical knowledge and understanding of the Holocaust 99 Preface 101 5. Who were the victims? 105 6. -
Running Head: the TRAGEDY of DEPORTATION 1
Running head: THE TRAGEDY OF DEPORTATION 1 The Tragedy of Deportation An Analysis of Jewish Survivor Testimony on Holocaust Train Deportations Connor Schonta A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2016 THE TRAGEDY OF DEPORTATION 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ David Snead, Ph.D. Thesis Chair ______________________________ Christopher Smith, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Mark Allen, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Brenda Ayres, Ph.D. Honors Director ______________________________ Date THE TRAGEDY OF DEPORTATION 3 Abstract Over the course of World War II, trains carried three million Jews to extermination centers. The deportation journey was an integral aspect of the Nazis’ Final Solution and the cause of insufferable torment to Jewish deportees. While on the trains, Jews endured an onslaught of physical and psychological misery. Though most Jews were immediately killed upon arriving at the death camps, a small number were chosen to work, and an even smaller number survived through liberation. The basis of this study comes from the testimonies of those who survived, specifically in regard to their recorded experiences and memories of the deportation journey. This study first provides a brief account of how the Nazi regime moved from methods of emigration and ghettoization to systematic deportation and genocide. Then, the deportation journey will be studied in detail, focusing on three major themes of survivor testimony: the physical conditions, the psychological turmoil, and the chaos of arrival. -
Scanned Image
INSIDE Singleschart, 6-7;Album chart,17; New Singles, 18; NewAlbums, 13; Airplay guide, 14-15; lndpendent Labels, 8; Retailing 5. June 28, 1982 VOLUME FIVE Number 12 65p RCA sets price Industry puts brave rises on both face on plunging LPs & singles RCAis implementing itsfirst wide- ranging increase in prices since January Summer disc sales 1981. Then its new 77p dealer price for singles sparked trade controversy but ALL THE efforts of the record industryfor the £s that records appear to be old the rest of the industry followed in due to hold down prices and generate excite-hat. People who are renting a VCR are course. ment in recorded music are meeting amaking monthly payment equivalent to With the new prices coming into stubbornly flat market. purchasing one LP a week," he said. effect on July 1, RCA claims now to be Brave faces are being worn around the Among the major companies howev- merely coming into line with other major companies but itis becominger, there is steadfast resistance to gloom. companies. clear that the business is in the middle of Paul Russell, md of CBS, puts the New dealer price for singles will be an even worse early Summer depressionproblem down to weak releases and is 85p (ex VAT) with 12 -inch releases than that of 1981. happy to be having success with Joan costing £1.49, a rise of 16p. On tapes The volume of sales mentioned by theJett, The Clash, Neil Diamond andWHETHER IT likes it or not, Polydorand albums the 3000 series goes from RB chart department shows a decline ofAltered Images with the prospect of bigis now heavy metal outfit Samson's£2.76 to £2.95, the 6000 series from between 20 and 30 percent over the samereleases from Judas Priest and REOrecord company. -
Biography of Franz Stangl (1908-1971) Childhood and Early
Biography of Franz Stangl (1908-1971) Childhood and Early Life Franz Stangl was born on March 26, 1908 in a small town in Austria called Almunster. His father worked as a night watchman, and believed that Stangl was not his child (implying his wife cheated on him). Stangl was petrified of his father because he was continually beaten by him. When Stangl was eight years old his father died of malnutrition, and a year later his mother re- married. When he was fourteen, his step-father wanted him to leave school and work at a local steel mill. At fifteen, he left school and became an apprentice weaver. He finished his apprenticeship in three years and when he was eighteen and a half became the youngest master weaver in Australia. At twenty-three years old he discovered there was no further career advancement, so he applied for a job with the police force, as he was always attracted to the job of policemen, liking the safety and security it represented. Several months later he was told to report to the Kaplanhof (police training barracks in Linz) for training where he started out as a rookie for the Austrian police force, working as a traffic policeman and on the riot squad. He volunteered for ‘special duties’, which included in participating in street battles in Linz against socialists. He earned a silver medal for removing socialists from a local Cinema where they had been entrenched. In 1934, the Nazi’s assassinated the Chancellor of Austria, but it was clear that the Austrian police criticized this action. -
Operation Reinhard: Death Camps What’S Included
World War Two Tours Operation Reinhard: Death Camps What’s included: Hotel Bed & Breakfast All transport from the official overseas start point Accompanied for the trip duration All Museum entrances All Expert Talks & Guidance Low Group Numbers “Amazing time, one of those ‘once in a life time trips’. WelI organised, very interesting and thoroughly enjoyable. I would recommend the trip to any enthusiast.” Operation Reinhard (German: Aktion Reinhard or Einsatz Reinhard) was the code name given to the Nazi plan to murder Polish Jews in the General Government, and marked the most deadly phase of the Holocaust, the use of extermination camps. During the operation, as many as two Military History Tours is all about the ‘experience’. Naturally we take million people were murdered in Bełżec, Sobibor and Treblinka, almost all of whom were Jews. care of all local accommodation, transport and entrances but what By 1942, the Nazis had decided to undertake the Final Solution. sets us aside is our on the ground knowledge and contacts, established This led to the establishment of camps such as Bełżec, over many, many years that enable you to really get under the surface of Sobibor and Treblinka which had the express purpose of killing your chosen subject matter. thousands of people quickly and efficiently. These sites differed By guiding guests around these from those such as Auschwitz-Birkenau and Majdanek because historic locations we feel we are contributing greatly towards ‘keeping they also operated as forced-labour camps, these were purely the spirit alive’ of some of the most killing factories. The organizational apparatus behind the memorable events in human history. -
Mark Ferguson Jane Haining Speech 2021
HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL EVENT 2021 – Mark Ferguson Jane Haining was born in Dunscore, Dumfriesshire on Lochead Farm in 1897. A very intelligent and able young women Jane came to our town of Paisley to work for J.P Coats threadmill, firstly as a Clerk then promoted to Secretary (A senior post in the Mill). Following this Jane spent some time in Glasgow and Manchester before taking up a position as Matron in a girl’s home at the Scottish Mission to the Jews in Budapest. When the NAZIS turned their attention to Hungary Jane was asked to return to Scotland, however she replied “if these children need me in the days of sunshine, how much more do they need me in the days of darkness?”. Jane was later to be arrested by the Gestapo and was charged on 8 counts: That she had worked among the Jews. That she had wept when putting yellow stars on the girls. That she had dismissed her housekeeper, who was an Aryan. That she had listened to the news broadcasts of the BBC. That she had many British visitors. That she was active in politics. That she visited British prisoners of war. That she sent them parcels. She admitted to all the charges except being active in politics. Jane was amongst the first transportations from Hungary to Auschwitz/Birkenau in May 1944. On arrival she was stripped, tattooed with the number 79467 - at the age of 47, disinfected, hair shaved, before being issued with striped clothing and clogs. In Janes last letter to the head of the mission dated a few days before she died referenced her fondness for her beloved Dunscore stating “even here on the way to heaven are mountains”. -
The Holocaust
The Holocaust Contents The Holocaust: Theme Overview 1 Artifacts Helena Zaleska 2 Auschwitz-Birkenau, 1944 3 Star of David 4 Metal cup 5 Child’s shoe 6 The Holocaust: Theme Overview When Adolf Hitler and the Nazis came to power in 1933, they began to systematically remove Jews from the cultural and commercial life of Germany. Jewish property and businesses were confiscated and Jewish children were denied the right to a public education. The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 further isolated Jews by revoking their citizenship. The goal was to make Germany judenrein (free of Jews). On Kristallnacht —the Night of Broken Glass — November 9, 1938, Jewish synagogues and businesses in Germany and Austria were attacked and hundreds of Jews arrested. This marked a new level of ferocity in the Nazis’ anti-Semitic policies. As European countries came under German occupation during World War II, Nazis applied anti-Jewish measures and established ghettos to confine Jewish populations. By the end of 1941, the Final Solution, the Nazi policy of extermi- nating all Jews, was in place and the mass deportations of Jews to the concentration camps had begun. HIDING Some Jews tried to escape by going into hiding. Few succeeded because only a small number of gentiles were willing to risk hiding Jews. Since hiding even one person was dangerous, children were often separated from their parents and siblings. Many parents had to make the painful decision to give their children over to complete strangers. Some children were sent to live with Christian families or placed in convents and orphanages. To survive, children often had to assume Christian identities, changing their names and histories in order to pass as non-Jews. -
Sobibór: Sobibór Holocaust Propaganda and Reality Sobibór
BARNES REVIEW HOLOCAUST HANDBOOK SERIES • VOLUME 19 19 BARNES REVIEW HOLOCAUST HANDBOOK SERIES • VOLUME 19 SOBIBÓR: SOBIBÓR HOLOCAUST PROPAGANDA AND REALITY SOBIBÓR HOLOCAUST PROPAGANDA AND REALITY n May 2009, 89-year-old Cleveland autoworker John Demjanjuk was de- ported from the United States to Germany, where he was arrested and HOLOCAUST PROPAGANDA AND REALITY Icharged with aiding and abetting murder in at least 27,900 cases. These mass murders were allegedly perpetrated at the Sobibór “death” camp in east- ern Poland. According to mainstream historiography, 170,000 to 250,000 Jews were exterminated there in gas chambers between 1942 and 1943. The corpses were buried in mass graves and later incinerated on an open-air pyre. But do these serious claims really stand up to scrutiny? In Sobibor: Holocaust Propaganda and Reality, the official version of what transpired at Sobibór is put under the microscope. It is shown that the histori- ography of the camp is not based on solid evidence, but on the selective use of eyewitness testimonies, which in turn are riddled with contradictions and out- right absurdities. This book could exonerate John Demjanjuk. For more than half a century, mainstream Holocaust historians made no real attempts to muster material evidence for their claims about Sobibór. Finally, in the 21st century, professional historians carried out an archeological survey at the former camp site. Their findings—and the findings of many oth- ers—are here presented in detail and fatal implications for the extermination camp theory are revealed. SOBIBOR: HOLOCAUST PROPAGANDA AND REALITY (softcover, 434 pages, indexed, illustrated, #536, $25 minus 10% for TBR subscribers) can be ordered from TBR BOOK CLUB, P.O.