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Inside Spain 81 (20 July- 26 September 2011)
Inside Spain 81 (20 July- 26 September 2011) William Chislett Foreign Policy Popular Party Begins to Spell Out its Foreign Policy A future government of the Popular Party (PP) would not seek to change the EU’s common position on Cuba if, as expected, it wins the early general election on 20 November, as the present Socialist government unsuccessfully tried to do, and might revise the calendar for withdrawing Spain’s peacekeeping troops from Afghanistan, due to begin during the first half of 2014. These are some of the elements of PP’s foreign policy, as spelled out by Jorge Moragas, the party’s foreign policy coordinator and head of the office of Mariano Rajoy, the PP’s leader, in an interview with El País. The EU’s stance on Cuba was largely engineered by the PP’s José María Aznar, the former Prime Minister, and dates back to 1996. It demands that Cuba makes progress on democracy and human rights before any full normalisation of ties. Moragas, who was expelled from Cuba on his arrival in October 2004 after he had announced he would show his support for Cuban dissidents, said the economic reforms made were ‘timid’ and nothing had been done on the political front. The Socialist government played a leading role in the release of prisoners earlier this year when it airlifted 37 prisoners and 209 members of their families to Madrid, concluding the agreement reached in the summer of 2010 with Havana and the Roman Catholic Church there. The total number freed and flown to Spain was 115 prisoners and 647 family members. -
An Analysis of Facebook Ads in European Election Campaigns
Are microtargeted campaign messages more negative and diverse? An analysis of Facebook ads in European election campaigns Alberto López Ortega University of Zurich Abstract Concerns about the use of online political microtargeting (OPM) by campaigners have arisen since Cambridge Analytica scandal hit the international political arena. In addition to providing conceptual clarity on OPM and explore the use of such technique in Europe, this paper seeks to empirically disentangle the differing behavior of campaigners when they message citizens through microtargeted rather than non-targeted campaigning. More precisely, I hypothesize that campaigners use negative campaigning and are more diverse in terms of topics when they use OPM. To investigate whether these expectations hold true, I use text-as-data techniques to analyze an original dataset of 4,091 political Facebook Ads during the last national elections in Austria, Italy, Germany and Sweden. Results show that while microtargeted ads might indeed be more thematically diverse, there does not seem to be a significant difference to non-microtargeted ads in terms of negativity. In conclusion, I discuss the implications of these findings for microtargeted campaigns and how future research could be conducted. Keywords: microtargeting, campaigns, negativity, topic diversity 1 1. Introduction In 2016, Alexander Nix, chief executive officer of Cambridge Analytica – a political consultancy firm – gave a presentation entitled “The Power of Big Data and Psychographics in the Electoral Process”. In his presentation, he explained how his firm allegedly turned Ted Cruz from being one of the less popular candidates in the Republican primaries to be the best competitor of Donald Trump. According to Nix’s words, they collected individuals’ personal data from a range of different sources, like land registries or online shopping data that allowed them to develop a psychographic profile of each citizen in the US. -
Debriefing on the April 2018 Women, Peace and Security Focal Points
Debriefing on the April 2018 Women, Peace and Security Focal Points Network Meeting in Berlin, and follow-up actions in New York Thursday, 24 May 2018, 11:15am – 12:30pm, UNHQ CR6 Chair’s Summary On May 24, 2018, New York representatives of the Women, Peace and Security Focal Points Network (WPS- FPN) met in New York for the debriefing of the annual capital-level meeting of the Network, which took place in Berlin, Germany on April 9-10, 2018 under the theme, “Building Alliances to Advance the Women, Peace and Security Agenda.” About 60 Permanent Missions to the United Nations (UN) were represented at the debriefing, along with UN agencies and civil society organizations. The WPS Focal Points Network currently has a membership of more than 801 UN member states and regional organizations. The leadership troika of the Network comprises Germany as current Chair of the Network, Spain as 2017 Chair and Namibia as 2019 Chair. UN Women serves as Permanent Secretariat of the Network. The debriefing, which was held at the United Nations Headquarters, was hosted by the Permanent Representatives of Germany, Spain and Namibia to the UN, in collaboration with UN Women, at the level of Permanent and Deputy Permanent Representatives of Missions to the United Nations. The meeting objectives were to: (1) provide an overview of the activities of the WPS Focal Points Network to date; (2) share highlights and recommendations from the Berlin meeting including the joint communique; and (3) discuss how to translate the recommendations and outcomes from the Berlin meeting into concrete actions in the UN Security Council and other processes in New York and in capitals. -
2017 Spain Country Report | SGI Sustainable Governance Indicators
Spain Report Ignacio Molina, Oriol Homs, César Colino (Coordinator) Sustainable Governance Indicators 2017 G etty Im ages/iStockphoto/ZC Liu Sustainable Governance SGI Indicators SGI 2017 | 2 Spain Report Executive Summary After several years of recession, social unrest has eroded legitimacy and public trust in Spain’s political system. The shift from a traditional two-party into a multiparty system is a notable result of these developments. In addition to the traditional parties such as the Popular Party (PP) and the Spanish Socialist Party (PSOE), this multiparty system now includes the leftist anti- establishment party Podemos and the liberal progressive Ciudadanos (C’s). An inconclusive election in late 2015 led to another inconclusive election only six months later, resulting in a state of impasse under a caretaker government that had neither the willingness nor the legitimacy to pursue reforms. Nevertheless, policy outcomes in most economic domains continued to bear the fruits of economic reforms previously implemented. At the same time, however, centrifugal tensions in Catalonia remained strong. Spain’s economic recovery continued through 2016, showing 3.2% growth, the same figure as the previous year. This figure was much higher than other large euro zone economies (e.g., Germany reached 1.8% and Italy 0.9% in 2016) and the euro zone as a whole (1.8%). Spain was hit hard by a deep double-dip recession (2008 – 2013), but adjusted more quickly than expected after implementing a radical austerity program and some structural reforms (e.g., labor-market reforms, monitoring public finances, banking-sector recapitalization). Exports, foreign investment and domestic demand fueled this growth, along with a productivity increase following a painful process of internal devaluation. -
Austerity Ahead
AUSTERITY 94 AHEAD HOW WILL A CONSERVATIVE VICTORY CHANGE SPANISH POLITICS? Teemu Sinkkonen FIIA BRIEFING PAPER 94 • November 2011 ULKOPOLIITTINEN INSTITUUTTI UTRIKESPOLITISKA INSTITUTET THE FINNISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS AUSTERITY AHEAD HOW WILL A CONSERVATIVE VICTORY CHANGE SPANISH POLITICS? Teemu Sinkkonen Researcher FIIA Briefing Paper 94 The Finnish Institute of International Affairs November 2011 • The electoral defeat suffered by the ruling Socialist Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE) in the municipal elections and the prolonged financial crisis has forced Prime Minister Zapatero to call an early general election on 20 November. • The Conservative People’s Party (Partido Popular, PP) is ahead in the polls by a clear margin and is likely to gain an absolute majority in the parliament. • The economic outlook for Spain looks bleak, which means that the new government will have to create new jobs quickly and push through harsh and unpopular reforms, particularly regarding the fiscal and administrative structures. • The Indignados protest movement is gaining support, and looks set to challenge the legitimacy of the system and force the future government to produce speedy results. • Spain is expected to enhance its role in international politics through pragmatic bilateral relations. In particular, relations with the US seem to be warming up, while Spain can turn to the UK and Poland in the EU for companionship. The European Union research programme The Finnish Institute of International Affairs ULKOPOLIITTINEN INSTITUUTTI UTRIKESPOLITISKA INSTITUTET THE FINNISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Protesters on the streets of Barcelona. Photo: Wiros / Flickr.com. Spain is in deep trouble. Amid the uncertainty envel- forward the parliamentary elections from 2012 to oping the global economy, the country is struggling this November. -
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Packaging Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3th639mx Author Galloway, Catherine Suzanne Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California PACKAGING POLITICS by Catherine Suzanne Galloway A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California at Berkeley Committee in charge Professor Jack Citrin, Chair Professor Eric Schickler Professor Taeku Lee Professor Tom Goldstein Fall 2012 Abstract Packaging Politics by Catherine Suzanne Galloway Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Berkeley Professor Jack Citrin, Chair The United States, with its early consumerist orientation, has a lengthy history of drawing on similar techniques to influence popular opinion about political issues and candidates as are used by businesses to market their wares to consumers. Packaging Politics looks at how the rise of consumer culture over the past 60 years has influenced presidential campaigning and political culture more broadly. Drawing on interviews with political consultants, political reporters, marketing experts and communications scholars, Packaging Politics explores the formal and informal ways that commercial marketing methods – specifically emotional and open source branding and micro and behavioral targeting – have migrated to the -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Effectiveness of Campaign Messages On Turnout and Vote Choice A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science by Sylvia Yu Friedel 2013 ©Copyright by Sylvia Yu Friedel 2013 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Effectiveness of Campaign Messages On Turnout and Vote Choice by Sylvia Yu Friedel Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Los Angeles, 2013 Professor Lynn Vavreck, Chair In this dissertation, I study campaign effects on turnout and vote choice. I analyze different campaign messages and the way they affect voters across various situations. First, through an online survey experiment, I study the impact of campaign messages and ideological cues on voters as they make inferences on candidates. Next, through a field experiment, I test whether microtargeted messages or general messages on the economy have any effect on turnout. Lastly, using online survey data, I examine how cross-pressured voters behave electorally when holding an opposing party’s position on social issues. These three studies indicate that different messages do, in fact, matter. Furthermore, voters are not fools—they are reasoning and rational. While partisanship does continue to heavily impact voting decisions, voters do consider issue positions and different voting dimensions (i.e., social, economic, moral). In light of this, campaigns should continue their efforts to persuade and inform the electorate. ii The dissertation -
Additional Submissions to Parliament in Support of Inquiries Regarding Brexit Damian Collins MP Dear Mr Collins, Over the Past M
Additional Submissions to Parliament in Support of Inquiries Regarding Brexit Damian Collins MP Dear Mr Collins, Over the past many months, I have been going through hundreds of thousands of emails and documents, and have come across a variety of communications that I believe are important in furthering your inquiry into what happened between Cambridge Analytica, UKIP and the Leave.EU campaign. As multiple enquiries found that no work was done, I would like to appeal those decisions with further evidence that should hopefully help you and your colleagues reach new conclusions. As you can see with the evidence outlined below and attached here, chargeable work was completed for UKIP and Leave.EU, and I have strong reasons to believe that those datasets and analysed data processed by Cambridge Analytica as part of a Phase 1 payable work engagement (see the proposal documents submitted last April), were later used by the Leave.EU campaign without Cambridge Analytica’s further assistance. The fact remains that chargeable work was done by Cambridge Analytica, at the direction of Leave.EU and UKIP executives, despite a contract never being signed. Despite having no signed contract, the invoice was still paid, not to Cambridge Analytica but instead paid by Arron Banks to UKIP directly. This payment was then not passed onto Cambridge Analytica for the work completed, as an internal decision in UKIP, as their party was not the beneficiary of the work, but Leave.EU was. I am submitting the following additional materials to supplement the testimony and documents I gave to the DCMS Committee last year as follows: 1) FW PRESS INVITATION HOW TO WIN THE EU REFERENDUM INVITE ONLY.pdf a. -
The Evolution of the Digital Political Advertising Network
PLATFORMS AND OUTSIDERS IN PARTY NETWORKS: THE EVOLUTION OF THE DIGITAL POLITICAL ADVERTISING NETWORK Bridget Barrett A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at the Hussman School of Journalism and Media. Chapel Hill 2020 Approved by: Daniel Kreiss Adam Saffer Adam Sheingate © 2020 Bridget Barrett ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Bridget Barrett: Platforms and Outsiders in Party Networks: The Evolution of the Digital Political Advertising Network (Under the direction of Daniel Kreiss) Scholars seldom examine the companies that campaigns hire to run digital advertising. This thesis presents the first network analysis of relationships between federal political committees (n = 2,077) and the companies they hired for electoral digital political advertising services (n = 1,034) across 13 years (2003–2016) and three election cycles (2008, 2012, and 2016). The network expanded from 333 nodes in 2008 to 2,202 nodes in 2016. In 2012 and 2016, Facebook and Google had the highest normalized betweenness centrality (.34 and .27 in 2012 and .55 and .24 in 2016 respectively). Given their positions in the network, Facebook and Google should be considered consequential members of party networks. Of advertising agencies hired in the 2016 electoral cycle, 23% had no declared political specialization and were hired disproportionately by non-incumbents. The thesis argues their motivations may not be as well-aligned with party goals as those of established political professionals. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES .................................................................................................................... V POLITICAL CONSULTING AND PARTY NETWORKS ............................................................................... -
The European Union Perception of Cuba: from Frustration to Irritation* Joaquín Roy
RFC-03-2 The European Union Perception of Cuba: From Frustration to Irritation* Joaquín Roy EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Fidel Castro dramatically selected the commemoration of the 50th anniversary of his failed attack against the Moncada Barracks in Santiago de Cuba on July 26, 1953, for his rejection of any kind of humanitarian assistance, economic cooperation, and political dialogue with the European Union (EU) and its member states, signalling one of the lowest points in European- Cuban relations.1 Just days before the anniversary of what later history would recognize as the prelude of the Cuban Revolution, the European Union’s Foreign Relations Council issued a harsh criticism of the regime’s latest policies and personal insults against some European leaders (notably, Spain’s José María Aznar), in essence freezing all prospects of closer relations. The overall context was, of course, the global uncertainty of the U.S. occupation of Iraq in the aftermath of the post-September 11 tension. Having survived the end of the Cold War and the perennial U.S. harassment, the Castro regime seemed to have lost its most precious alternative source of international cooperation, if not economic support. RESUMEN Fidel Castro escogió de manera espectacular la fecha de conmemoración del Aniversario 50 del fallido ataque al cuartel Moncada en Santigo de Cuba, el 26 de julio de 1953, para anunciar su rechazo a cualquier tipo de ayuda humanitaria, cooperación económica y diálogo político con la Unión Europea (UE) y sus estados miembros, lo cual marca uno de los niveles más bajos de las relaciones entre Cuba y la UE. -
Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 25 May 2018 English Original: English/French/Spanish
United Nations E/CN.18/2018/INF/1 Economic and Social Council Distr.: General 25 May 2018 English Original: English/French/Spanish United Nations Forum on Forests Thirteenth session New York, New York, 7–11 May 2018 List of delegations Liste des délégations Lista de las delegaciones Chair: H.E. Mr. Muhammad Shahrul Ikram Yaakob (Malaysia) Vice-Chairs: H.E. Ms. Koki Muli Grignon (Kenya) Mr. Tomas Krejzar (Czech Republic) Ms. Maureen Whelan (Canada) Rapporteur: Mrs. Luciana Melchert Saguas Presas (Brazil) 18-08479 (E) 310518 *1808479* E/CN.18/2018/INF/1 Members Membres Miembros Country Representative Alternates Advisers Pays Représentant Suppleants Conseillers País Representante Suplentes Consejeros Albania Algeria Mr. Sabri Boukadoum Mr. Mohammed Bessedik Mr. Mehdi Remaoun Andorra Mrs. Elisenda Vives Mr. Joan Josep Lopez Balmaña Lavado Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Sr. Renato Iván Agustín Morales Armenia Mr. Mikayel Manukyan Australia Ms. Gillian Bird Mrs. Sibella Stern Ms. Emma Hatcher Mr. Jesse Mahoney Austria Ms. Maria Patek Mr. Ingwald Gschwandtl Ms. Lisa Lehner Ms. Magdalena Lackner Mr. Peter Mayer Ms. Andrea Bacher Azerbaijan Bahamas Ms. Ingeria Miller Bangladesh Mr. Md. Billal Hossain Belarus Belgium Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational Mrs. Cynthia Viviana Mr. Sacha Llorentty Soliz State of) Silva Maturana Mr. Ricardo Andres Rojas Quiroga Botswana Mr. Charles T. Ntwaagae Mrs. Keodirile Gaebuse Mr. Edgar Sisa Mr. Tlhalefo B. Madisa Ms. Lorato Motsumi 2/14 18-08479 E/CN.18/2018/INF/1 Country Representative Alternates Advisers Pays Représentant Suppleants Conseillers País Representante Suplentes Consejeros Brazil Mr. Mauro Vieira Ms. Luciana Melchert Mr. Raimundo Mr. Frederico Salomão Saguas Presas Deusdara Filho Duque Estrada Meyer Mr. -
Safeguarding Digital Democracy Digital Innovation and Democracy Initiative Roadmap
DIDI Roadmap March 2020 | No. 4 Safeguarding Digital Democracy Digital Innovation and Democracy Initiative Roadmap Karen Kornbluh and Ellen P. Goodman with contributions by Eli Weiner Washington, DC Ankara Belgrade Berlin Brussels Bucharest Paris Warsaw DIDI Roadmap March 2020 | No. 4 The Digital Innovation and Democracy Initiative The Digital Innovation and Democracy Initiative works to foster innovation and ensure that technology strengthens Table of Contents democracy. DIDI leverages GMF’s transatlantic network and network of senior fellows to promote strategies for reforming policies for the digital age. 3 Executive summary Authors 8 Introduction Karen Kornbluh, former U.S. Ambassador to the Organiza- tion for Economic Cooperation and Development, is Senior 10 Politically motivated Fellow and Director of the Digital Innovation and Democracy disinformation campaigns Initiative at the German Marshall Fund of the United States. Ellen P. Goodman is a professor at Rutgers Law School, where 27 After tech utopianism she is co-director and co-founder of the Rutgers Institute for Information Policy & Law at Rutgers Law School, and Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the German Marshall Fund. 30 Policy roadmap for safeguarding digital democracy Eli Weiner is a research assistant with the Digital Innovation and Democracy Initiative at the German Marshall Fund of the United States. Karen Kornbluh & Ellen P. Goodman 2 DIDI Roadmap March 2020 | No. 4 Even before a global pandemic hit, the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists announced that the Doomsday Clock had advanced for the first time ever to 100 seconds before midnight. The Bulletin cited “information warfare” as a “threat multiplier” that is reducing trust and corrupting the information ecosystem needed for democratic debate.