Paths to Solutions
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P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e 2 0 1 1 Paths to So lutions W a Proceedings of the 2011 t e r Water for Food Confer ence f o r F Lincoln, Nebraska – May 1-4 o o d C o n f e r e n c e Paths to Solutions Proceedings of the 2 011 Water for Food Conference Lincoln, Nebraska – May 1-4 2 ©2012, The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. All rights reserved. Proceedings of the 2011 Water for Food Conference, May 1-4, Lincoln, NE. Citation: University of Nebraska–Lincoln Office of Research and Economic Development (2012). Proceedings of the 2011 Water for Food Conference. Lincoln. ISBN: 978-0-615-56352-7 Additional comments and information requests may be directed to: Prem S. Paul, Vice Chancellor for Research and Economic Development 301 Canfield Administration Building University of Nebraska–Lincoln Lincoln, NE 68588-0433 (402) 472-3123 • [email protected] Credits Executive Editor Monica Norby Writers Gillian Klucas, Monica Norby Managing Editor Ashley Washburn Contributing Editors Elizabeth Banset, Vicki Miller Photography Joel Brehm, Craig Chandler, Brett Hampton Matthew Masin, a student in the University of Nebraska–Lincoln’s College of Journalism and Mass Communications, shot several featured photos during an in-depth reporting trip to India. Additional Photos Matthew Masin/Flickr, pp. 10-11, p. 12, p. 52, pp. 80-81; IvyDawned/Flickr, p. 16; Michael Patrick/Flickr, p. 17; Ray Witlin/World Bank, p. 19; CIMMYT/Flickr, p. 20; ©iStockphoto.com/Luke Daniek, p. 25; Omar Omar/Flickr, p. 27; Brooke A. Jarrett/Flickr, p. 35; Mukul Soni/Flickr, p. 42; Robert Cope, p. 45; ©iStockphoto.com/Andy Gehrig, p. 46; Agrilifetoday/Flickr, p. 48; J Unrau/Flickr, p. 53; Rita Willaert/Flickr, p. 54; IFPRI-Images/Flickr, p. 55; ©iStockphoto.com/Chiyacat, p. 66; ©iStockphoto.com /Roni Java, p. 73; © iStockphoto.com/Michel de Nijs, pp. 98-99 Design Sym Labs Transcription Doris Schuessler The University of Nebraska is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity institution. Proceedings of the 2 011 Water for Food Conference 3 Conference Sponsors Major conference support underwritten by Robert B. Daugherty Charitable Foundation Generous conference support provided by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Monsanto Co. Water for Food Conference Committees Senior Advisory Council Michael Doane, Monsanto Co. Simi Kamal, Hisaar Foundation Katherine Lombardo, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Robert Meaney, Valmont Industries Inc. David Molden, International Water Management Institute Keith Olsen, Nebraska Farm Bureau Prem S. Paul, University of Nebraska–Lincoln Peter Rogers, Harvard University University of Nebraska Conference Staff Faculty Planning Committee University of Nebraska–Lincoln Ann Bleed Office of Research and Economic Development Ken Cassman Bruce Dvorak Tausha Ward Armbruster Tom Farrell Elizabeth Banset Sheri Fritz Joel Brehm John Gates Peg Filliez Steve Goddard Mari Greer Mark Gustafson Rachael Herpel Suat Irmak Marilyn Hoskins Monica Norby Jennifer Lottman Shashi Verma Vicki Miller Ron Yoder Kristen Ohnoutka Don Wilhite Tim Savage Mike Zeleny Peter Stewart Sandi Zellmer Corrie Svehla Karen Underwood Ashley Washburn Becky Zavala 4 Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................................ 9 Executive Summar y .................................................................................................................... 12 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 1: Viewpoints on Water for Food Challenges ................................................ 22 Will There Be Enough Water to Feed the World in 2050? .................................................................. 24 Anders Berntell, Executive Director, Stockholm International Water Institute Agricultural Water Management in Developing Countries: Meeting the Competing Challenges of Food Security, Water Scarcity and Climate Change .................................................... 28 Julia Bucknall, Sector Manager, Water Department, World Bank Transformative Impact of Drip Irrigation on Small Farmers ................................................................ 32 Anil Jain, Managing Director, Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., India President’s Welcome – Making the Biggest Impact on the Areas of Greatest Need ........................ 36 James B. Milliken, President, University of Nebraska Chancellor’s Welcome – Partnerships Key to Solving Water for Food Dilemmas ............................ 38 Harvey Perlman, Chancellor, University of Nebraska–Lincoln Keynote Dialogue – Water and Food Security: A Firsthand Perspective ............................................ 40 Jeff Raikes, CEO, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Kebede Ayele, Country Director, International Development Enterprises (IDE), Ethiopia Soumen Biswas, Executive Director, Professional Assistance for Development Action (PRADAN), India Sustainability Evaluation as Guiding Principle: Food Production in the Focus .................................. 44 Peter Saling, Head, Eco-Efficiency Analysis Unit, BASF, Germany Proceedings of the 2 011 Water for Food Conference 5 Crop Water Productivity: Filling the Gaps ............................................................................................ 47 Pasquale Steduto, Head, Water Unit; Deputy Director, Land and Water Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy Global Changes and Their Impacts on Water and Food Security: The Challenge of the Century? .... 51 András Szöllösi-Nagy, Rector, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, the Netherlands Chapter 2: Paths to Solutions ................................................................................................ 56 Industry Leaders Panel – Challenges and Potential Solutions .......................................................... 58 Agricultural Producers Panel – A View from the Field ........................................................................ 62 Securing Water for Agriculture: California’s High-Stakes Challenge ................................................ 68 Pathways to Greater Food Production: Lessons from Ethiopia .......................................................... 74 Chapter 3: Scientific Sessions .............................................................................................. 80 Quantitative Food Security: Yield Gaps, Water and Nitrogen Productivity .......................................... 82 Yield potential, water and N requirements of non-food biofuels .......................................................... 83 Yield gap analysis: Implications for research and policies on food security ........................................ 83 Yield gaps in Africa ............................................................................................................................ 84 Water productivity gaps between farmer and attainable yields across sunflower growing regions of Argentina ............................................................................................................ 85 Water productivity in Pioneer maize: Past, present and future ............................................................ 85 6 Contents Insights gained from 35 years of research on soybean response to water scarcity and water abundance ........................................................................................................................ 86 Using crop models to estimate yield gaps and water productivity ...................................................... 86 Maximizing Water Use Efficiency in Agriculture .................................................................................. 88 Challenges in maximizing water use efficiency .................................................................................... 89 Measuring and estimating evapotranspiration for water management ................................................ 89 Role of evapotranspiration in water resources assessment and management, crop water productivity, and response of agro-ecosystems functions ................................................ 90 Advances in irrigation technology ...................................................................................................... 91 Sustainable high yields on poorly drained soils .................................................................................. 92 Evaluation of Aquifer Resources in Sub-Saharan Africa .................................................................... 94 Impact of land use and climate changes on large sedimentary aquifers, West Africa .......................... 95 What geophysics can do for hydrology (and vice versa) .................................................................... 95 Investigating groundwater recharge and climate change in Northern Senegal using vadose zone information .......................................................................................................... 95 Mapping groundwater resilience in Africa .......................................................................................... 96 Spatial analysis for the promotion of micro irrigation technologies to small scale farmers in Zambia ............................................................................................................ 96 GRACE satellite shows increasing groundwater resources in West Africa ........................................ 97 Proceedings