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Universidad Complutense De Madrid UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA Departamento de Filología Inglesa ANÁLISIS LINGÜÍSTICO DE TÉRMINOS COMPARADOS EN INGLÉS TÉCNICO AGRÍCOLA MEMORIA PRESENTADA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR POR Jesús Andrés Cortés Bajo la dirección de la Doctora: María Luisa Vega Madrid, 2004 ISBN: 84-669-2521-X UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOGÍA INGLESA TESIS DOCTORAL Análisis Lingüístico de Términos Comparados en Inglés Técnico Agrícola JESÚS ANDRÉS CORTÉS DIRECTORA: Dra. María Luisa Vega Madrid, febrero de 2004 Quiero dar las gracias a todos los profesionales que me han proporcionado información para la localización de las fuentes adecuadas en casos concretos, ya que de este modo han contribuido a que este trabajo haya podido llevarse a cabo. Vaya también mi gratitud a mi familia, compañeros de Departamento y amigos, por su aportación durante la realización de esta tesis. Por último, y de forma especial, quiero dar las gracias a la Dra. María Luisa Vega, Profesora de Metodología del Inglés, del Departamento de Filología Inglesa I, mi directora, por haber confiado en mí a la hora de afrontar un trabajo no exento de dificultades y por su inestimable ayuda en la dirección de esta tesis. ÍNDICE I. PRESENTACIÓN 1. Introducción. .............................................................................................................. 1 2. Objetivos. .................................................................................................................. 6 3. Metodología ................................................................................................................ 7 3.1. Características de los textos utilizados. .......................................................... 7 3.2. Procedimiento de investigación. ..................................................................... 11 II. PRIMERA PARTE 4. Fundamentos teóricos de la formación de términos. .................................................... 19 4.1. Generación de términos como respuesta a la existencia de conceptos nuevos: la terminología. ...................................................................................... 19 4.2. Consideraciones acerca de la creación de términos nuevos. ......................... 26 4.3. Características del lenguaje científico-técnico. ................................................... 30 4.4. Formas de expresar los conceptos nuevos: palabra, nombres compuestos, expresiones léxicas complejas o lexías complejas. ........................................ 38 4.4.1. Realizaciones del concepto de “palabra” como medio de transmisión de significado. ....................................................................... 38 4.4.2. Palabras compuestas ................................................................................ 42 4.4.2.1. Nombres compuestos ....................................................................... 48 4.4.2.2. Verbos compuestos............................................................................ 53 4.4.2.3. Adjetivos compuestos ...................................................................... 55 4.4.2.4. Otras consideraciones morfológicas y semánticas de algunas clases de compuestos..................................................................... 57 I 4.4.3. Expresiones léxicas complejas. ............................................................... 62 4.4.3.1. Frases terminológicas consideradas como unidades léxicas......... 63 4.4.3.2. Sintagmas nominales complejos. ................................................. 67 4.5. Mecanismos de formación de palabras ........................................................... 72 4.5.1. Fundamentos teóricos de la formación de nuevos términos...................... 72 4.5.2. Neología de forma. ................................................................................... 77 4.5.3. Neología de sentido. ................................................................................. 88 4.5.3.1. Monosemia. .................................................................................. 89 4.5.3.2. Polisemia. ..................................................................................... 90 4.5.3.3. Homonimia. .................................................................................. 92 4.5.3.4. Metáfora. ...................................................................................... 93 4.5.3.5. Metonimia. ................................................................................... 98 III. SEGUNDA PARTE 5. Relación de términos nuevos. ................................................................................... 103 5.1. Relación de términos nuevos considerados como un sólo morfema libre........ 103 5.1.1. Relación de términos que se consolidan en la década de 1960 según criterios específicos del presente trabajo. .................................................... 105 5.1.2. Relación de términos nuevos que surgen a partir de 1970 de acuerdo a los criterios específicos del presente trabajo. .............................. 139 5.2. Relación de términos compuestos. ................................................................... 234 5.2.1 Creación de nombres compuestos. .............................................................. 234 5.2.2 Creación de verbos compuestos. ................................................................. 263 5.2.3 Otras formas compuestas de carácter productivo. ....................................... 268 5.2.3.1 Expresiones léxicas complejas que incorporan una preposición como primer elemento.............................................................................. 269 II 5.2.3.2 Expresiones léxicas complejas en las que se intercalan una preposición .............................................................................................. 272 5.2.4. Compuestos químicos considerados términos nuevos. .................................. 275 5.3. Frases nominales complejas entendidas como forma de actualización, explicación o definición de conceptos. .................................................. 281 5.3.1. Frases nominales complejas compuestas por tres unidades léxicas............. 285 5.3.1.1.Frases nominales complejas compuestas por tres unidades léxicas en las que se incluye la forma –ed. ........................................................ 285 5.3.1.2.Frases nominales complejas compuestas por tres unidades léxicas en las que se incluye la forma –ing ……………………………………….. 288 5.3.1.3.Frases nominales complejas compuestas por tres unidades léxicas del grupo denominado strings.......................................................... 290 5.3.2. Frases nominales complejas compuestas por cuatro unidades léxicas......... 292 5.3.2.1.Frases nominales complejas compuestas por cuatro unidades léxicas en las que se incluye la forma –ed............................................. 292 5.3.2.2.Frases nominales complejas compuestas por cuatro unidades léxicas en las que se incluye la forma –ing........................................... 296 5.3.2.3.Frases nominales complejas compuestas por cuatro unidades léxicas del grupo denominado strings ……………………………………........... 300 5.3.3. Frases nominales complejas compuestas por cinco unidades léxicas ......... 303 5.3.3.1.Frases nominales complejas compuestas por cinco unidades léxicas en las que se incluye la forma –ed. …………………………. 303 5.3.3.2.Frases nominales complejas compuestas por cinco unidades léxicas en las que se incluye la forma –ing. …………………………. 309 III 5.3.3.3.Frases nominales complejas compuestas por cinco unidades léxicas del grupo denominado strings ................................................ 315 5.3.4. Frases nominales complejas compuestas por seis unidades léxicas. ........... 320 5.3.4.1.Frases nominales complejas compuestas por seis unidades léxicas en las que se incluye la forma –ed .......................................... 320 5.3.4.2.Frases nominales complejas compuestas por seis unidades en las que se incluye la forma –ing …………………………………. 328 5.3.4.3.Frases nominales complejas compuestas por seis unidades léxicas del grupo denominado strings................................................. 335 5.3.5. Frases nominales complejas compuestas por siete unidades léxicas. .......... 341 5.3.5.1.Frases nominales complejas compuestas por siete unidades léxicas en las que se incluye la forma –ed. …………..….………… 341 5.3.5.2.Frases nominales complejas compuestas por siete unidades léxicas en las que se incluye la forma –ing. ………………………... 347 5.3.5.3.Frases nominales complejas compuestas por siete unidades léxicas del grupo denominado strings................................................. 350 5.4 . Relación de términos generados por derivación ............................................... 356 5.4.1 Términos generados por sufijación. ....................................................... 356 5.4.2 Términos generados por prefijación. ..................................................... 359 5.5 . Nuevas acepciones semánticas de palabras ya existentes que originan términos mediante la neología de sentido. ...................................................... 360 5.5.1. Términos que adquieren nuevo sentido según el contexto en el que se han utilizado ……………………………………………………………… 361 5.5.2. Palabras consolidadas, relacionadas con la agronomía, susceptibles de una interpretación semántica errónea. .................................................. 363 IV 5.5.3. Nuevos términos que corresponden a productos fitosanitarios. ............... 366 5.6
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