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The Language of the Friday Khutbah

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The Language of the Friday Khutbah · The.Language of the Friday Khutbah ВУ MlIFТI MUHAMMAD TAQI .USMANI IDARATUL MAIARI~ Karachi. Pakistan THE ISLAMIC BULLETIN REFLECT ON THE WONDERS OF ISLAM! Friends or Family interested in Islam? Last Will Read an introductory book on the and beauty of Islam. Mountains of Testament Information for Muslims & non-Muslims! Live Quranic Available now in: Want to learn Tajweed? Radio • Arabic Hear the world’s most From all over • French the world • German RENOWNED RECITERS! • Italian • Spanish GO TO: Free www.islamicbulletin.org E-Books! Need to find direction to pray? Type your address in our Click: QIBLA LOCATOR “ENTER HERE” Our site is user friendly With EASY-FINDING Learning how to pray? icons Step-by-step guide! Plus QUICK-LOADING Masjid for all systems Finder Email us at: [email protected] One-Page Hajj Guide In 8 different Islamic videos and TV languages! Watch Discover Islam in English and Iqra in Arabic IB hopes that this website can bring both Muslims and non- Read Past Issues Muslims together in a Interested in Islam? place of mutual Read convert’s stories in respect and HOW I EMBRACED ISLAM enlightenment. The Islamic Bulletin is the Official Newsletter of the Islamic Community of N. California – Since 1991! ЕDrrЮN МАУ, 2000 РШNТЕDАТ МЕНRAИPRINTERS, КAКACНI. PUВUSНER IDARATUL МА'ARIF, КARACНI. POST CODE 75180, TEL # 5049733, 5032020 Е. МAIL ADDRESS: mol,dfaqi®Cyber.'l€t.pk AVAILAВLEAT DARUL ISHAT, URDU BAZAR, КAКACНI. IDARA·E·ISLA1vIIYAT, 190,ANARКALI, LAНORE AZHAR ACADEMY, NORBURY, LONDON. TEL: 6796786, FAX: 6796787 PREFACE In substantial number of mosques in different parts of USA and some other western countries the Khutbah of Friday is delivered in English or other local languages. Му respected brother Dr. Muhammad Ismai1 Madani asked те to explain the correct Shar.i'ah position about the language of the Khutbah. Certain article.s have appeared in Urdu [ог the purpose but the English knowing people cannot benefit [гот them, therefore, it was suggested Ьу ту learned brother that 1 should write ап article in English. The present booklet is meant to fulfill this need and 1 hope that it will clarify doubts оп the subject. 1 would request the readers to consider the points raised in this article with ап impartial and unbaised approach because the matter relates to а very important Islamic пюце of wofship. Мау Allah guide us to the straight path according to His own pleasure. Muhammad Taqi Usmani 3 ТНЕ LANGUAGE OF ТНЕ FRIDAУ KHUTBAH ~)I~)IJJlr J.".....; ~ j)l.Jlj o~lj .~kJl У.; .JJ.4:L1 ~ J5 ~J,~I ~~lj.JT ~) ,(""Рl . ~..ul (У. <JI LJL-~ ~ It is опе of the basic requirements of the Friday prayer that it should Ье preceded Ьу а Khutbah (веппоп) delivered Ьу the Imam. It is Wajib (mandatory) for every Muslim to attend the Khutbah from the very beginning. Being а part ofthe -Гити'а}: ргауег, it has some special rules and traits which distinguish it from the normal lectures given оп other оссавюпв. Опе of these special traits is .that like the prayer (Salah) it is delivered in Arabic. АН the Muslims have Ьееп delivering the Khutbah of Friday in по other language than Arabic, ечеп where the audiencedoes not understand its meaning. It was in the present century for the first time that the idea of delivering the Khutbah in other languages emerged insome Muslim societies wЪеге majority of the audience could not understand Arabic properly. The intention behind this change was that without letting the реорге understand its contents, the Khutbah сап hardly Ье of а meaningful use for the general people who are addressed Ьу it~ Conversely, if Khutbah is delivered in а locallanguage, а very useful www.islamicbulletin.com 5 ТНЕ LANGUAGEOF ТНЕ FRIDAУ KHUTBAH message сап Ье eonveyedthrough it every Friday and it ean serve as an effeetive medium for edueating people in а wide area of Islamie teaehings. Apparently, the агяшпепс seems to Ье very logieal. That is why it has found eurreney in the eountries far from the eentres of deeper Islamie knowledge. But before we aeeept it оп its Гасе value, we should first examine it inthe light ofthe Holy Qur'an, the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet rLJ ~ дл ~ , the praetiee of his сотпрашопв and the juristie views adopted Ьу different sehools of Islamie jurisprudenee. It is true that Islam being а universal religion, does not want to restriet it to а partieular raee or language. The Holy Qur'an has mentioned in express terms: A.o~ ~Ц ~I J.,...,.),jA l.:.L...) LoJ W е never sent. а messenger but in the language ofthe nation he was sent 00. The Holy Prophet .з: was so keen to convey the Islamie message to аН foreign nations in their own languages that he sent some of his eompanions, like Zayd ibn Harithah ..:.&. JJI..?; to Syria to learn the Hebrew and the Syriae languages, so that he тау preaeh Islam to the nations who did not know Arabie. But at the same time, we notiee that while leaving а wide speetrum of edueation and preaehing ореп to any language eonvenient for the purpose, Islam has speeified some limited funetions to Ье performed in Arabie only. For ехагпрге, it is mandatory for every Muslim to perform his five times prayers (Salah) in Arabie. This rule applies to аН по-Агаов also who eannot normally 6 www.islamicbulletin.com ТНЕ LANGUAGE OF ТНЕ Fl<IDА У KHUТBAH understand what they аге reeiting, rather, sometimes it is diffieult [ог them to learn the exaet pronuneiation of the АгаЫе words used in the ргауегв. Likewise, Adhan is the еаН [ог attending the eongregation of Salah. It is addressed to the loeal people. But it is made obligatory that it is pronouneed in АгаЫе. Its translation into апу other language is not aeeeptable. Similarly, while performing Нал we аге directed to read talbiyah (~I O.!4:J ~) in Arabie. ТЬе translation of these \vords eannot serve the purpose. While greeting еаеЬ other, we аге obligated to say "~j~l" in the exaet АгаЫе words. "Реасе Upon Уоu" ап exaet translation of "~j)l_.JI" eannot fulfill the requirement of the reeognized (masnoon) greeting еуеп though the [огтег expression is тоге eomprehensible [ог ап English knowing person than the latter. Similarly, while eommeneing ап important work it is desirable to say "r-:»I.;,..»I JJ11""""'!'" These speeifie АгаЫе words тау Ье translated into English ог апу other language easily understood Ьу the speaker and the addressee but it will always Ье preferable to reeite the original Aгabic words. ТЬе emphasis оп exaet АгаЫе words in some such matters is not based оп апу bias in [ауоuг of the АгаЫе language, because Islam has always Ьееп proponent of inter-nationalism rather than nationalism. ТЬе Holy Prophet rl--' ~ JJI ..;- has himself eradicated the prides based оп гасе, colour and language. Не announced in his landmark sermon of his last Нал that: ~~c.s'~~"j An Arab has по superiority over а поп-Агав. www.islamicbulletin.com 7 ТНЕ LANGUAGE OF ТНЕ FRIDAУ KHUTBAH However, for being ап internationally united ummah, the Muslim should have some соттоп features, вресгайу in the ways of their worship. The modes of worship which require some oral recitations have, therefore, Ьееп prescribed in а таппег that аН recitations arecarried out in опе сот топ language? regardless of the linguistic affiliation of the recitors. АгаЫс has Ьееп selected for this purpose, Ьесацве it is the language in which Qur'an was revealed and in which the Holy Prophet r-L-J ~ .JJI ~ addressed the human kind. The Holy Qur'an ai1d Sunnh of the Holy Prophet ;g: have. Ьееп taken as the basic resources from where the rules of Shari'ah аге deduced. Both being in Arabic, it is always desir~b~..that.a Muslim ~асq!1цi);l~t§J:.1Jтsеlf with it to the best possible extent. То make .АгаЫс а соттоп medium of expression for аН Mtislims, at least in the ritual recitings, serves this purpose also. When а non-Arab Мцвйгп репоппв ргауег in АгаЫс fivetimes а day , he automati.cal1y establishes а strong relationship with the Ql,1r'anic language which makes him understand а питЬег of the terms and phrases used in the Holy Qur'an and Sunnah. In short, it is enjoined ироп the Muslims in some modes of worship that their oral recitations must Ье in Агаше: Therefore, to resolve the issue of the language of Khutbah we will have to examine whether the Khutbah of Friday is а form of worship ог it is ап ordinary lecture meant only to educate people. The following points тау help knowing the correct position in this respect : www.islamicbulletin.com 8 ТНЕ LANGUAGE OF ТНЕ FRIDAУ KHUTBAH . 1. It is established Ьу authentic resources that the Khutbah of Friday is а part of the ргауег and stands for two Rak'at of prayer. Еуету day, other than Friday, the prayer 6f zuhr consist of four Rak'ats, while оп Friday the number of Rak'at of the -Гити'ап prayer has Ьееп reduced to two, and the other two Rak'ats have Ьееп substituted Ьу the Khutbah. Sayyidna Umar A.:S JJI~.J the second caliph of the Holy Prophet ~-' ~ JJI J.- says: ~и· ~ L.6J.!. ~ "u-:--'r~y.o .:« '1 . L.6J.1. UI lA...)1 ~ The Khutbah has Ьееn prescribed in lieu of two rakats. Whosoever failsto deliver Кhutbah must pray four rakat.: 2. The Holy Qur'an Ьаэ.патпео theKhutbah as Dhikr in the fоПоwiпg verse: ~Ii.r! I.J'O o)l..a1J I.S ~.,; ш 1.".;..0 I ~.lJ I ~I ~ ~I l.Jj~.J .JJI.J~ u11 '........
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