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Cabinet of Armenia, 1920
Cabinet of Armenia, 1920 MUNUC 32 TABLE OF CONTENTS ______________________________________________________ Letter from the Crisis Director…………………………………………………3 Letter from the Chair………………………………………….………………..4 The History of Armenia…………………………………………………………6 The Geography of Armenia…………………………………………………14 Current Situation………………………………………………………………17 Character Biographies……………………………………………………....27 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………...37 2 Cabinet of Armenia, 1920 | MUNUC 32 LETTER FROM THE CRISIS DIRECTOR ______________________________________________________ Dear Delegates, We’re very happy to welcome you to MUNUC XXXII! My name is Andre Altherr and I’ll be your Crisis Director for the Cabinet of Armenia: 1920 committee. I’m from New York City and am currently a Second Year at the University of Chicago majoring in History and Political Science. Despite once having a social life, I now spend my free-time on much tamer activities like reading 800-page books on Armenian history, reading 900-page books on Central European history, and relaxing with the best of Stephen King and 20th century sci-fi anthologies. When not reading, I enjoy hiking, watching Frasier, and trying to catch up on much needed sleep. I’ve helped run and participated in numerous Model UN conferences in both college and high school, and I believe that this activity has the potential to hone public speaking, develop your creativity and critical thinking, and ignite interest in new fields. Devin and I care very deeply about making this committee an inclusive space in which all of you feel safe, comfortable, and motivated to challenge yourself to grow as a delegate, statesperson, and human. We trust that you will conduct yourselves with maturity and tact when discussing sensitive subjects. -
The Shifting Geopolitics of the Black Sea Region
The Shifting Geopolitics of the Black Sea Region Actors, Drivers and Challenges Geir Flikke (ed.), Einar Wigen, Helge Blakkisrud and Pål Kolstø Norwegian Institute of International Affairs International of Institute Norwegian Institutt Utenrikspolitisk Norsk NUPI Report Publisher: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Copyright: © Norwegian Institute of International Affairs 2011 ISBN: 978-82-7002-303-5 Any views expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. The text may not be printed in part or in full without the permission of the authors. Visiting address: C.J. Hambros plass 2d Address: P.O. Box 8159 Dep. NO-0033 Oslo, Norway Internet: www.nupi.no E-mail: [email protected] Fax: [+ 47] 22 36 21 82 Tel: [+ 47] 22 99 40 00 The Shifting Geopolitics of the Black Sea Region Actors, Drivers and Challenges Geir Flikke (ed.), Einar Wigen, Helge Blakkisrud and Pål Kolstø Introduction2 The Black Sea has long been a focal point for regionalization. Both the EU and NATO have had a proactive policy in the region, and various cooperative arrangements have been made to enhance multilateral mari- time governance in the Black Sea. Numerous regional mechanisms for interaction and cooperation among the littoral states have been set up, such as the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), the Black Sea Forum for Dialogue and Partnership (BSF) and the Black Sea Initiative of the EU (BSI). In January 2011, the European Parliament adopted a resolution on the Black Sea, reflecting the fact that since 2005 the region itself has entered a new modus operandi. -
Glendale Exhibits Explore Concept of Inherited Trauma of Armenian Genocide
MARCH 24, 2018 Mirror-SpeTHE ARMENIAN ctator Volume LXXXVIII, NO. 35, Issue 4530 $ 2.00 NEWS The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Since 1932 INBRIEF Washington Armenian Aliyev Insists on Community Unites in ‘Historic Azeri Lands’ Support of Artsakh In Armenia BAKU (RFE/RL) — Azerbaijan’s President Ilham Aliyev has stood by his claims that much of By Aram Arkun modern-day Armenia lies in “historic Azerbaijani Mirror-Spectator Staff lands.” “I have repeatedly said and want to say once again that the territory of contemporary Armenia WASHINGTON — Upon the initiative of is historic Azerbaijani lands. There are numerous the representation of Artsakh in the United books and maps confirming that,” Aliyev said on States, the Armenian Assembly of America Monday, March 19, at the start of official celebra- and the Armenian National Committee of tions of Nowruz, the ancient Persian New Year America (ANCA) organized a reception and marked as a public holiday in Azerbaijan. banquet for the Armenian community on “The Azerbaijani youth must know this first and March 17 at the University Club in foremost. Let it know that most of modern-day Washington D. C. to honor the visiting del- Armenia is historic Azerbaijani lands. We will egation of the Republic of Artsakh led by never forget this,” he said. President Bako Sahakyan. Aliyev has repeatedly made such statements, The bilingual event was moderated by Annie Totah receives a medal from President Bako Sahakyan, while Aram Hamparian holds the medal he just got (photo: Aram Arkun) most recently on February 8. Speaking at a pre- Annie Simonian Totah, board member of election congress of his Yeni Azerbaycan party, he the Armenian Assembly, and Aram pledged to “return Azerbaijanis” to Yerevan, Hamparian, executive director of the two Armenian lobbying organizations of pointed out that the ANCA and the Syunik province and the area around Lake Sevan. -
Nagorno-Karabakh's
Nagorno-Karabakh’s Gathering War Clouds Europe Report N°244 | 1 June 2017 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 149 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Ongoing Risks of War ....................................................................................................... 2 A. Military Tactics .......................................................................................................... 4 B. Potential Humanitarian Implications ....................................................................... 6 III. Shifts in Public Moods and Policies ................................................................................. 8 A. Azerbaijan’s Society ................................................................................................... 8 1. Popular pressure on the government ................................................................... 8 2. A tougher stance ................................................................................................... 10 B. Armenia’s Society ....................................................................................................... 12 1. Public mobilisation and anger -
Nagorno Karabakh
NAGORNO KARABAKH SEPTEMBER - NOVEMBER BRIEFING 2018 Recent Developments Humanitarian Figures Azerbaijan is “playing with the Azerbaijan controls information released from Nagorno-Karabakh fate of people” and the global while preventing civil society organisations, journalists and political community remains silent in the figures from entering the disputed enclave. Important events and face of ‘caviar diplomacy,’ situations are kept out of the public eye, resulting in a lack of fact- according to the spokesperson for finding reports and humanitarian updates from the region. the president of Nagorno – Karabakh, Davit Babyan The Chairman of the Azerbaijani Key Developments Community of Nagorno Karabakh states Armenians living in the > The US representative to the OSCE has described the status quo as enclave “want to live according to “unacceptable”, underscoring the urgent need to find a resolution to ongoing hostilities over Nagorno Karabakh. Gregory Macris made the the laws of Azerbaijan”. Bayram remarks during an OSCE Permanent Council address, claiming the Safarov also claims that United States supports efforts to increase a “dialogue between Azerbaijan’s territorial integrity has Armenians and Azerbaijanis that can stabilise the security situation been recognised internationally by and make a more constructive atmosphere for negotiations”. countries such as Germany Tensions rise between Belarus > As Azerbaijani-Belarus relations strengthen, President Ilham Aliyev and Armenia: The Armenian Prime publicly thanks Alexander Lukashenko for Belarus’ stance on the Minister condemns the President settlement of conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh. The heads of state N of Belarus for questioning the role issued a joint statement in November which stressed the importance of Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, of resolution and declared that the territorial dispute must be resolved in the Collective Security Treaty within “the framework of territorial integrity and inviolability of the Organisation (CTSO) borders of Azerbaijan”. -
The Great Expectations of the Armenian Revolution: Democracy V
In: IFSH (ed.), OSCE Yearbook 2019, Baden-Baden 2020, pp. 65-80. Ekaterina Dorodnova The Great Expectations of the Armenian Revolution: Democracy v. Stability? Introduction The purpose of this contribution is to explore and discuss one of the most re- markable developments in Armenia over the course of the past two years. Un- like many other incidents that shattered stability in the country following inde- pendence, the non-violent yet revolutionary events of April 2018 reverberated positively not only in Armenia, but far beyond its borders too. One and a half years later, the peaceful transition of power in Armenia is still largely regarded as an undeniable achievement in democracy-building. In many ways, it did exceed the most optimistic expectations of domestic and international observers. However, deeply-rooted and systemic challenges in ensuring the country’s security and resilience are mounting, and many remain unresolved despite the high expectations placed on the new authorities. Given the rapid pace, complexity, and uncertainty of these developments, this contribution reviews the most relevant events that unfolded during and after the revolution, and the most likely further scenarios. Mobilization and Non-Violence Beyond Expectation The world applauded the Armenians for the non-violent transfer of power in April-May 2018, known as the “Velvet Revolution” or “the Revolution of Love and Solidarity”.1 Without a single shot being fired, on 23 April 2018, former president-turned-prime minister Serzh Sargsyan handed the reins of power to Nikol Pashinyan after a decade in power. Pashinyan was a former journalist and political prisoner-turned-opposition MP, and an exceptionally charismatic and talented revolutionary leader. -
Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915
Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 i v ABSTRACT Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 Copyright by Yektan Turkyilmaz 2011 Abstract This dissertation examines the conflict in Eastern Anatolia in the early 20th century and the memory politics around it. It shows how discourses of victimhood have been engines of grievance that power the politics of fear, hatred and competing, exclusionary -
Review of Armenian Studies 31 No
SPECIAL ISSUE: Centenary of the Armenian Resettlement REVIEW OF ARMENIAN STUDIES A Biannual Journal of History, Politics and International Relations 31no: 2015 Sina AKŞİN Uluç GÜRKAN Tal BUENOS Birsen KARACA Sadi ÇAYCI Jean-Louis MATTEI Sevtap DEMİRCİ Armand SAĞ Maxime GAUIN Turgut Kerem TUNCEL Christopher GUNN BOOK REVIEW Michael M. GUNTER Jeremy SALT REVIEW OF ARMENIAN STUDIES A Biannual Journal of History, Politics and International Relations 2015, No: 31 EDITOR Ömer Engin LÜTEM MANAGING EDITOR Aslan Yavuz ŞİR EDITORIAL BOARD In Alphabetical Order Prof. Dr. Seçil KARAL AKGÜN Ömer E. LÜTEM (Ret. Ambassador) Prof. Dr. Hüseyin BAĞCI (Middle East Technical University) Prof. Dr. Nurşen MAZICI (Marmara University) Prof. Dr. Nedret KURAN BURÇOĞLU (Boğaziçi University) Prof. Dr. Nesib NESSİBLİ (Khazar University) Prof. Dr. Sadi ÇAYCI (Başkent University) Prof. Dr. Hikmet ÖZDEMİR (Political Scientist) Prof. Dr. Kemal ÇİÇEK (İpek University) Prof. Dr. Hüseyin PAZARCI Dr. Şükrü ELEKDAĞ Prof. Dr. Mehmet SARAY (Ret. Ambassador) (Historian) Prof. Dr. Temuçin Faik ERTAN Dr. Bilal N. ŞİMŞİR (Institute of History of Turkish Revolution) (Ret. Ambassador, Historian) Dr. Erdal İLTER Dr. Pulat TACAR (Historian) (Ret. Ambassador) Alev KILIÇ (Ret. Ambassador, Director of the Center for Eurasian Studies) ADVISORY BOARD In Alphabetical Order Ertuğrul APAKAN Dr. Ayten MUSTAFAYEVA (Ret. Ambassador) (Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences) Prof. Dr. Edward ERICKSON Jeremy SALT (Historian) Prof. Dr. Norman STONE Prof. Dr. Michael M. GUNTER (Bilkent University) (Tennessee Technological University) Prof. Dr. Ömer TURAN Prof. Dr. Enver KONUKÇU (Middle East Technical University) Prof. Dr. Jean-Louis MATTEI Prof. Dr. Hakan YAVUZ (Historian) (Utah University) Prof. Dr. Justin MCCARTHY (University of Louisville) PUBLISHER Ali Kenan ERBULAN Review of Armenian Studies is published biannually Review of Armenian Studies is a refereed journal. -
History Education in Schools in Turkey and Armenia. a Critique and Alternatives
History Education in Schools in Turkey and Armenia A Critique and Alternatives Authors: Alişan Akpınar, Sos Avetisyan, Hayk Balasanyan, Fırat Güllü, Işıl Kandolu, Maria Karapetyan, Nvard V. Manasian, Lilit Mkrtchyan, Elif Aköz Özkaya, Hasan Tahsin Özkaya, Garine Palandjian, Ararat Şekeryan, Ömer Turan Editors: Bülent Bilmez, Kenan Çayır, Özlem Çaykent, Philip Gamaghelyan, Maria Karapetyan, Pınar Sayan Istanbul 2019 Yerevan History Education in Schools in Turkey and Armenia A Critique and Alternatives Authors: Alişan Akpınar, Sos Avetisyan, Hayk Balasanyan, Fırat Güllü, Işıl Kandolu, Maria Karapetyan, Nvard V. Manasian, Lilit Mkrtchyan, Elif Aköz Özkaya, Hasan Tahsin Özkaya, Garine Palandjian, Ararat Şekeryan, Ömer Turan Editors: Bülent Bilmez, Kenan Çayır, Özlem Çaykent, Philip Gamaghelyan, Maria Karapetyan, Pınar Sayan Istanbul and Yerevan 2019 This is the revised second edition of this publication. The first version was published in 2017. © History Foundation (Tarih Vakfı) and Imagine Center for Conflict Transformation This publication was prepared using Microsoft Office Word and the cover page design and image belongs to Microsoft Office. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union, within the framework of the programme Support to the Armenia-Turkey Normalisation Process: Stage Two. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the History Foundation (Tarih Vakfı) and its partner the Imagine Center for Conflict Transformation and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. www.armenia-turkey.net One of the workshops that made this publication possible was funded by the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. www.fes.de i The History Foundation is a non-governmental organization working in the public interest with the objective of developing and extending history consciousness in Turkey. -
Forced Displacement in the Nagorny Karabakh Conflict: Return and Its Alternatives
Forced displacement in the Nagorny Karabakh conflict: return and its alternatives August 2011 conciliation resources Place-names in the Nagorny Karabakh conflict are contested. Place-names within Nagorny Karabakh itself have been contested throughout the conflict. Place-names in the adjacent occupied territories have become increasingly contested over time in some, but not all (and not official), Armenian sources. Contributors have used their preferred terms without editorial restrictions. Variant spellings of the same name (e.g., Nagorny Karabakh vs Nagorno-Karabakh, Sumgait vs Sumqayit) have also been used in this publication according to authors’ preferences. Terminology used in the contributors’ biographies reflects their choices, not those of Conciliation Resources or the European Union. For the map at the end of the publication, Conciliation Resources has used the place-names current in 1988; where appropriate, alternative names are given in brackets in the text at first usage. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of Conciliation Resources or the European Union. Altered street sign in Shusha (known as Shushi to Armenians). Source: bbcrussian.com Contents Executive summary and introduction to the Karabakh Contact Group 5 The Contact Group papers 1 Return and its alternatives: international law, norms and practices, and dilemmas of ethnocratic power, implementation, justice and development 7 Gerard Toal 2 Return and its alternatives: perspectives -
81 the Armenian Volunteer Movement During Wwi As
Taline Papazian 81 THE ARMENIAN VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT DURING WWI AS GROUNDWORK FOR POLITICAL SOVEREIGNTY: SOME PRELIMINARY INSIGHTS Taline Papazian The current article is part of a new research focusing on the interaction between armed conflicts and political cognitions among Armenians from the end of the 19th century up to the foundation of contemporary Republic of Armenia1. It also holds a comparative dimension with the same research question for the Jewish case, under the same time period. The question will be to ask whether physical mass violence has been conducive to representations of national sovereignty, and if so, what was the content of that concept for political and military leaders during WWI: territorial? demographic? political? military? Being at a very early stage of my research, I will not attempt at bringing an answer to this question here. What I will do instead is lay the hypothesis and give the factual background retrieved from secondary sources necessary to future analysis for the period of WWI. Thus, the following is no attempt at a comprehensive review of the volunteer movement during WWI, but very modestly a summary of the elements that will be used in the later analysis. Temptative design of a number of arguments that will be investigated in the future research will be sketched here. I should also add that, parallel to the volunteer movements of Transcaucasia, I have started studying the same issues regarding the Armenian Legion formed under the auspices of Boghos Nubar Pasha2. These two, mostly parallel –although they sometimes met and joined efforts- episodes are in themselves proof of the plurality of political conceptions and objectives among Armenians at the time of WWI, something we will witness even more glaringly with the “double delegation” at the negotiation tables of the Allies between 1918 and 1921. -
Conference on Co-Sponsored by Kennan Institute for Advanced
NUMBER 107 NATIONALISHE ET SOCIALIS:tv1E DAt"'S LE MOUVEMENT REVOLUTIONNAIRE ARMENIEN: 1887-1912 .. ANAHIDE TER MINASSIAN UNIVERSITE' DE PARIS I Conference on "NATIONALISM AND SOCIAL CHAt"'GE IN TRAt"'SCAUCASIA" Co-sponsored by Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies, The Wilson Center and American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies April 24-25, 1980 1 • NATIONALISME ET SOCIALISME DANS LE MOUVEMENT REVOLUTIONNAIRE ARMENIEN (1887- 1912) Le nationalisms armenian a, au 19e siecle, une his toire pluriseculaire, si l'on admet que la conscience na tionale identifiee ~ la conscience religieuse et culturelle a survecu ~ la disparition des principautes et royaumes ar meniens (1). Nationalisms d'une minorite placee aux confins d'empires multinationaux et dispersee en colonies lointai nes, le nationalisms armenien dont les expressions ont varie selon les classes sociales (clercs, nobles, marchands, intellectuals, paysans) et selon leurs caracteristiques cul turelles (2)' a ete d'abord nostalgia des origines et lucidi te d'exister. Sous l'influence des Revolutions frangaises et europeennes, et des insurrections balkaniques, la pensee politique armenienne -celle des intellectuals formes au con tact de l'Occident- se modernise. L'idee de Nation, l'idee de Peuple, avec ses exigences centripetes, emerge lentement de l 1 idee de communaute religieuse que perpetuent, cependant jusqu'au 20e siecle, le systeme des millets dans l'Empire Ottoman et le Pologenie dans l'Empire russe (3). Trouvant son propre elan chez les Armenians de Tur quie ou de Madras (4), le nationalisms n'est pas une doc trine propre aux Armenians caucasiens. Mais ceux-ci lui conferent des traits originaux.