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May 2007.Pdf volume 04 | issue 04 | may 07 symmetryA joint Fermilab/SLAC publication On the cover Roz Chast is best known for her cartoons in The New Yorker, more than 800 of which have appeared since 1978. But she’s no stranger to the sciences, having published in both The Sciences and Scientific American. She has written and illustrated several books, most recently Theories of Everything: Selected, Collected, and Health-Inspected Cartoons 1978–2006, and collaborated with Steve Martin on a children’s book that is scheduled to come out in October. Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy contents 2 Editorial: 3 Commentary: 4 Signal to Background A Public Hunger for Physics Sherry Yennello Say it in Russian; a quick how-to; The general public seems to Whether scientific meetings a zappy show; sports cars and want particle physics as part of provide childcare is much more cavities; radioactive people; farm- their intellectual, cultural, and than a matter of convenience. family reunion; tracking dark personal lives. energy; name that particle; letters 10 The Search for Dark 16 The Great String Debate 22 When the New Energy When Brian Greene and Neighbor’s a Giant What is this stuff that fills the Lawrence Krauss tangle over At one potential site for the vacuum of space, accelerates string theory, wisecracks fly. International Linear Collider, the expansion of the universe, people in the community are and accounts for 70 percent of getting to know the project everything? More than two dozen years in advance. experiments aim to find out. 28 Day in the Life: 30 Gallery: 32 Essay: Katie and Adam Yurkewicz Ken McMullen Launched into Science In the move from Fermilab to He calls his latest work a “very “Reading about science was not CERN, a $10 globe, 100 plastic radical new form of cinema” quite enough. I needed to get cookie cutters, and a large col- that mingles high-energy phys- up close and personal with the lection of refrigerator magnets ics and astrophysics with tid- scientists and their heroic are deemed worthy of shipping bits of philosophy and poetry. experiments.”—Pierre R. Schwob 4400 miles. ibc Logbook: bc Explain it in 60 Seconds: The SLAC Bluebook String Theory A 1169-page treatise documents String theory proposes that the the development and design fundamental constituents of of the two-mile-long accelerator the universe are one-dimensional operated by Stanford University. “strings” rather than point-like particles. from the editor A public hunger for physics Does the public care about particle physics? In this issue of symmetry we read about a few cases that hint the answer is yes. A debate about string theory in Washington, DC, in March, attracted a sold- out crowd of 600 people. The two-hour debate and discussion between Brian Greene and Lawrence Krauss, moderated by Michael Turner, com- manded a ticket price of $25. For a few hours of entertainment, these 600 fans were prepared to pay more than twice the going rate for the latest Hollywood fare. A few disappointed aficionados hovered around the entrance trying to buy tickets, but there were none to be had. Meanwhile, Fermilab asked nearby residents to volunteer for its com- munity task force. More than 80 people applied to serve on the task force, which meets monthly to learn about Fermilab’s plans and advise the physics laboratory on how it can best work with its neighbors. To gain one of the 25 positions on the task force, volunteers had to go through a demanding application process that even included interviews. These people saw that participating was worth the investment in effort and commitment. Many people have a stake in physics, because of its cultural influence or because of how it affects their communities. This issue of symmetry is the 25th since we launched in October 2004. The feedback we have received consistently is that readers most enjoy Photo: Reidar Hahn, Fermilab the magazine when it is showing how physics is simply another part of their own personal universes. They are enthused by stories of how people achieve scientific discoveries. They are entertained by what scientists do outside the laboratory. They want to get their hands on the science- related artworks we showcase. They love hearing what physics outsiders think of the physics community. For this issue, we asked The New Yorker cartoonist Roz Chast to interpret particle physics for our cover and for a feature story on searches for dark energy (see page 10). Chast reacted to particle physics in the way that many non-physicists do: by seeing science as part of an attempt to answer the fundamental questions that all curious people ask themselves. The public does want physics and we are grateful that we are part of an effort to show how it enriches lives intellectually, culturally, and personally. David Harris, Editor-in-chief Symmetry Editor-in-Chief Publishers Print Design and Production PO Box 500 David Harris Neil Calder, SLAC Sandbox Studio MS 206 650 926 8580 Judy Jackson, FNAL Chicago, Illinois Batavia Illinois 60510 USA Deputy Editor Contributing Editors Art Director Glennda Chui Roberta Antolini, LNGS Michael Branigan 630 840 3351 telephone Peter Barratt, STFC 630 840 8780 fax Executive Editor Romeo Bassoli, INFN Designers www.symmetrymagazine.org Mike Perricone Stefano Bianco, LNF Aaron Grant Anilou Price [email protected] Managing Editor Kandice Carter, JLab Kurt Riesselmann Reid Edwards, LBNL Web Design and Production (c) 2007 symmetry All rights Catherine Foster, ANL Xeno Media reserved Staff Writers James Gillies, CERN Hinsdale, Illinois Elizabeth Clements Silvia Giromini, LNF symmetry (ISSN 1931-8367) Heather Rock Woods Youhei Morita, KEK Web Architect symmetry | volume 04 issue may 07 is published 10 times per year Rhianna Wisniewski Marcello Pavan, TRIUMF Kevin Munday by Fermi National Accelerator Mona Rowe, BNL Laboratory and Stanford Copy Editor Perrine Royole-Degieux, IN2P3 Web Design Linear Accelerator Center, Melinda Lee Yuri Ryabov, IHEP Protvino Karen Acklin funded by the US Department Yves Sacquin, CEA-Saclay Alex Tarasiewicz of Energy Office of Science. Interns Kate Raiford Boris Starchenko, JINR Web Programmer María José Viñas Maury Tigner, LEPP Mike Acklin Marcus Woo Ute Wilhelmsen, DESY Tongzhou Xu, IHEP Beijing Photographic Services Gabby Zegers, NIKHEF Fermilab Visual Media symmetry Services 2 commentary: sherry yennello earlier–whether as graduate students, postdocs, or junior faculty. Being a graduate student is not a lucrative situation–it wasn’t when I was a student and it isn’t now. Add to that the financial burden of childcare, which grad students often need beyond normal hours, and of health insurance Photo courtesy of Sherry Yennello for dependents, which is often not covered under graduate student policies or covered only at a significant premium, and you have a very financially strapped individual. If there is no afford- Is there room in able childcare available at meetings, you have the high-energy just priced that critical activity out of the reach of many female students with children. physics community This challenge is not unique to high-energy for families? physics, but it is certainly significant in a field “Bob, you know my new graduate student asked where the percentage of women in committed me the other day why there were no women relationships with other professionals is much speaking at this conference. I told her women higher than for men. A 1998 survey by the often made choices that are inconsistent with American Institute of Physics revealed that 43% a career in physics. She asked me what I meant, of its women members are married to other and I told her, ‘Well, for example, like having physicists while only 6% of married male physi- kids.’ I once had a promising graduate student cists have a physicist spouse. Other fields have named Alice, but she decided she wanted a risen to the challenge by awarding childcare family. When I thought she should give a talk on grants or providing sponsored or subsidized child- her thesis work, she said she couldn’t go to the care at meetings, opening a family room nearby, meeting without some assistance for childcare. or setting up bulletin boards where families can Since the data were so exciting, I sent James, work out shared childcare arrangements. Some who worked on the project with her, to give the universities also have started to provide childcare talk. At the meeting, James met Dr. Famous, who assistance so graduate students or junior faculty had already been talking to Alice about a postdoc can attend meetings. The American Physical position; James got the position instead. James Society’s Committee on the Status of Women in now has tenure on the faculty of Prestigious Physics has proposed that childcare grants be University. Alice eventually became an instructor made available for the March and April meetings. at a teaching school. Not going to that meeting Smart women will make smart choices. Some probably cost Alice her career.” will decide the allure of uncovering nature’s hid- “But, Sam, that is better than what Sara did. den secrets is worth the sacrifice, and become When I offered to send her to a meeting, she existence proofs that women can do physics. brought the kid. Sara went to very few talks, and But others may decide that the cost of belonging when she did, the kid was there distracting her to this club is too great. And the loss will be ours. and everyone else. Needless to say, she didn’t get Wouldn’t we all prefer the following conversation? a job, and I wasted my money supporting her.” “George, that was a great talk your student Do you want our field to be responsible for Jennifer gave yesterday.
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