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Community Reactions to Sonic Booms

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Community Reactions to Sonic Booms COMMUNITY REACTIONS TO SONIC BOOMS by Paul N. Barsky Senior Study Director NATIONAL OPINION RESEARCH CENTER University of Chicago 55 Fifth Avenue New York 3, New York 'w '~...,. ':.. " ", 'S~: """ Beport No. 87 ir~~., August 1962 OREO !his study was initiated by the Federal Aviation Agency and the National Aeronauti s and Space Administration in cooperation with the Bio-Acoustics Branch , 6570th Aaro;;pace Medical Rasearch Laboratories , Wright- Patterson Air Forc Base , Ohio. The resear.ch was conducted by the National Opinion Research Center of the University of Chicago , 55 - 5th Avenue , New York , 3 , New York, under contract No. NASI-1397. Mr. Paul N. Borsky, Senior Study Director was the principal investigator for the National Opinion Research Center, Dr. Charles W. Nixon, of the Biological Acoustics Section , Bio-Acoustics Branch was the contract monitor for the Aerospace Me.dica.1 Laboratories. 'te work was per- formed in support of Projects 1465 av.d 7231, tho national NASA-AF-FAA Super- sonic Transpor.t Program. The research sponsored by this contract was started in July 1961 and completed in August 1962. the study director acknowledges the invaluable assistance of the follow- ing governnt personnel in planning the study: Mr. Kenneth Power, and Col. James Ritchey of the Federal Avia.tion Administration, Mr. Harvey p.. Hubbard and Mr. Ray Hooker of Langley Research Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration , Dr. H. O. Parrack , Dr. Henig Van Gierke , Lt. Col. E. Guild of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Lt. Col. Stanley S. Butt and Lt. Col. Bauer, of the Jo Go office USi , Col. Willard G. Woodbury, Col. Earl T. Reichert and Lt. Col. Arnold Uullins of the Community Relat ions Division USAF, Col. Tom Wood 6nd Col. Del Vecchio , Mr. Paul McDermott of Norton Air Force Base , Lt. Jackman of Edwards Air Force Base , Major Art Kelly, Major Bjorgan of Offutt Air Force Base . Lt. Col. R. Darelius , Major Fike , Major Eugene Butler and Capt. John Cosco of Carswell Air Force Base , Malcolm Holloway of Convai+. Especially helpful during the field work were Capt. ubbs , P. O., and Lt. Col. A. Tucker, J. G. at Scott Air Force Base. In the National Opinion Research Center organization many staff mem- bers helped, but special thanks go to Galen Gockel and Dorothy Rosen for field direction, P6trick Laviola for supervising data processing. Pearl Zinner for pretesting and Michael McGarry for invaluable assistance in ad- ministrative details and report preparation. The report is catalogued by the National Opinion Research Center as Research Report No. 87. ABST.RAC To determine the extent to which sonic booms of different magnitudes cause communi.ty disturbance, annoyan.;e and complaint potential, this re- search was undertaken. Following a regular SAC public information cam- paign and over 40 introductory booms, the St. Louis area was exposed to ex- perimental sonic booms. Personal j,nterv"i.ews were then held with a cross- section of residents to learn about r.eactions to the test booms. Following another series of more intense test booms, the same respondents were re- interviewed. Sonic booms caused by planes flying at 41, 000 feet creat wide- spread disturbances over a 32 mile wide path , with only the nearest residents 0-4 miles from ground zero , slightly more disturbed than the distant resi- dents 12-16 miles away. se vibrations are most frequently reported as a disturbance , followed by startle , interruption of sleep, rest, conversation and radJ..( and TV listening. Occasslonal low flights at 3l OOO - 35, 000 feet do not cause any more disturbance than the higher test flights. Damages are reported by about 13% of all residents , equally throughout the 32 mile cor- ridor. Annoyance and readiness to complain are very low in the St. Louis area largely as a result of a combination of favorable attitdues that maximize acceptance of sonic booms. It would be misleading, however, to project the St. Louis level of an oyance and complaining to any other area without first evaluating the status of at least 10 variables in that area that influence the level of annoyance and the complaint potential. Residents are much more willing to accept military booms than they are to put up with civili4n booms. If not annoyed by military booms and if commercial super sonic travel is be- lieved important, 80% say they themselves might be able to live with civilion booms , but only 67% say others might do so. In contrast, only a fourth of those who are greatly annoyed by booms and feel commercial supersonic travel is not important say they might accept civili1dn booms. Further research is needed to ali te these findings and to test the importance of higher a ti- tudes , varying frequency of flights and time of day of booms. Data must also be secured about the prevalence of favorable or unfavorable attitudes towards booms in other major afrpo areas before, annoyances and complaint potentials can be estimated in these areas. 1ii TABE OF CONTENTS Page rore 'lord Abstract Table Of Contents List Of Illnstrat:ons '!i List Of Tables VII . Introduction A. Statement Of Res arch Problem B. Backgrcund Information C. Study DBslgn l. Selection Of. Areas To Be Studied 2. StLmulus Desi 3. Sampling Area DeDign a, Distance Frem Ground Zero b. Age Of Iiouaing c. E o3ure To Commercial Aviation Noise d. Broad Social Class 4. Interviewing Design 5. Questionnaire Design II. Report Of Findings A. Reported Disturbance By Sonic Booms B. Reported Annoyance With Sonic Booms 1. Overall Annoyance 2. Factors Affecting Annoyance With Sonic Booms a. Amunt Of Disturbance And Annoyance b. KnowledgeSonic BoomsOf Causes And Occurrences Of c. Feelings About Booms Being Necessary Locally d. Feelings About The Cotlsiderateness Of The Air Force $. Influence Of Damages To Property On Annoyance f. Influence Of Civilian Jet Noise On Annoyance with Sonic Booms g. Overall Attachment To Area h. Belief In The Chances Of Reducing Disturbances Of Booms i. Personal Characteristics C. Complaint Potential 1. General Complaint Potential 2. COI laint Potential With Sonic Booms 3. Complsint Potential With Sonic Booms If Stimulated By A Local Organization 4. Analysis Of Complaints Received By Local Air Force Base Page D. Belief Tn Ability To Adjust To Military And Commrcial Sonic Booms 1. Military Sonic Booms 2. Commrcial Sonic Boms E. Responses To Second Series Of Test Booms 1. Disturbances By Boom II 2. Annoyance With Boom II 3. Complaint Potential With Boom II 4. Damages Alleged To Boom II 5. Reported Ability To Live With Civilian Sonic Booms After Boom II , III. Conc!; ions IV. Recommendat ions 101 V. Appendbes LIST OF ILJ..1JSTRATIONS Figure Page Reported Disturbance By Sonic Boom Rep0rted Annoyance With Sonic Booms Complaint Potential For Sonic Booms Complaint Potentia.1 For Sonic Booms By NQQessity And Usefulness Of Complaints Complaint Potential When Asked To Complain By Local Organization Reported Ability To Accept Military Sonic Booms Reported Ability To Accept Civilian Booms Reported Ability o Accept Civilian Sonic Booms By Importance Of Supersonic TW vel LIST OF TABLES PAGE Claims For Damages By Sonic Booms Reported By the U. Air Force Schedule of Initial Teet Flights Soni.c Booms Confirmd By Scott Air Force Base Survey Design Of Primry Samling Areas St. Louis Metropolitan Area Completed Intervi.ews By Distance From Ground Tract Zero Week In Hhich Interview Was Completed General Design Of The Initial Questionnaire Reported Tyes Of Disturbances By Sonic Booms On First Inte.rview Reported Disturbanee By Sonic Booms By Annoyance And Geographic Locat ion Reported Annoyance By Type 6f Disturbance And Geographic Location Disturbance and Annoyance With Boom I Report Hearing Or Reading About Sonic Booms By Source Of Information Reported Reasons Why Military Jets Kake Sonic Booms . Recognition and Knowledge Of Cause Of Sonic Booms By Annoyance Groups Reasons Given For Military Jets Flying Locally Reported Feelings bout fbe Necessity Of Hearing Sonic Booms Locally Reported Disturbance By Booms By Geographic Location Anoyance With Booms 6.d Feelings About Necessity Of Having Booms Locally Reported Annoyance By Geographic Location nd Feelings About Necessity Of Having Booms Locally TABLE PAGE Reported Feelings About The Considerateness Of The Air Force Reported Feelings About Considerateness Of The Air Force And Necessity Of Having Booms Loca.lly By Annoyanc.e GilOUP Reported Damage By Sonic Booms By Annoyance Feelings About NeceEsity 0:1 Booms And Geographic Location Reported Annoyance By Claim'3 Of Damage And Fee lings About The Necess ity Of Booms Kinds Of Damge Attributed To Sonic Booms Disturbance And Annoyance By Booms Reports Of Overa.ll Attachment To Area The One Thing Respondent Most Desires Changed Respondent ! s Belief In The Chances Of Reducing Sonic Boom Disturbances Relationship Between Belief In The Chances of Reducing Disturbances Of Sonic Booms And Feelings Of Annoyance Selected Personal Characteristics By Annoyance With Son1.c Booms General Readiness To Complain About Major Disturbance General Complaint Potential By Geographic Location Reported Annoyance With Sontc Booms And Feelings About Necessity Of l ving Booms Locally Readiness To Complain About Sonic Booms Complaint Potential For Booms By Geographic Location, Feelings About Necessity Of F ving Booms Locally, Annoyance With Booms , And Feelings About Potential Success Of Co plaint Complaint Potential For Boom When Local Organization Asks To Camp lain By Geographic Location, Annoyance Feelings About Necessity Of
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