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Local Memory Practices of the Memorial Complex at Mrakovica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Manuela BRENNER The Construction, De- and Reconstruction of History and Memory: Local Memory Practices of the Memorial Complex at Mrakovica, Bosnia and Herzegovina THE CONSTRUCTION, DE- AND RECONSTRUCTION OF HISTORY AND MEMORY: LOCAL MEMORY PRACTICES OF THE MEMORIAL COMPLEX AT MRAKOVICA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Manuela BRENNER University of Regensburg UDK: 069(497.6 Mrakovica):94(4)“1941/1945“ 069(497.6 Mrakovica:355(497.6)“1992/1995“ Prethodno priopćenje Primljeno: 07.10.2013. Prihvaćeno: 05.01.2014. This paper examines the memory practices of the memorial complex at Mrakovica at the Kozara National Park in the Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The original concept of the memorial site, founded in 1972, was to keep the Kozara-epos alive. The erected monument, the memorial wall and the museum were built to remember one of the biggest battles during the Second World War on Yugoslav soil during which more than ten thousand Partisan fighters and civilians lost their lives. During the communist era the memorial site fit into the official memory frame: the high number of casualties, especially civilians, was put into the foreground and the Partisans in their struggle for liberation were glorified. The key component of the official narrative was the slogan brotherhood and unity. After the armed conflict in the 1990s, the site underwent several transformations. New memorial frames were set by nationalists; thus history and memory were thereby de- and reconstructed. The new narrative included not only victims of the Second World War but exclusively those victims belonging to the ethnic group of Serbs of the First World War and the conflict in 1992-95. -
World Bank Document
35685 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Analysis of Administrative and Regulatory Costs in Gradiska Municipality Table of Contents INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 5 PARTNERS ON THE PROJECT ........................................................................................ 5 Gradiska Municipality........................................................................................... 5 SEED .................................................................................................................... 6 FIAS...................................................................................................................... 6 ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AT THE LOCAL LEVEL.... 7 Method to address problems.................................................................................. 7 Gradiska as a location for entrepreneurship.......................................................... 9 COMMERCIAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR INVESTING INTO THE GRADISKA MUNICIPALITY ................................................................................ 10 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 10 MUNICIPAL STRUCTURE ........................................................................................... 13 BUSINESS STRUCTURE ............................................................................................. -
Europe Report, Nr. 71: Republika Srpska in the Post-Kosovo Era
REPUBLIKA SRPSKA IN THE POST-KOSOVO ERA: Collateral Damage and Transformation ICG Report N° 71 5 July 1999 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................ I I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 Republika Srpska or Sumska ......................................................................................... 1 II. THE ONGOING RS POLITICAL CRISIS: BUSINESS AS USUAL................................. 2 A. Sloga vs. The Ultra-Nationalists............................................................................... 2 B. The SPRS as Power-Broker .................................................................................... 2 C. Poplasen’s Convenient Ulcer Crisis ......................................................................... 3 D. The Battle of the Budget: The SRS/SDS Coalition Splits ......................................... 3 E. Brcko and the Continued Stalemate ........................................................................ 5 III. THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY GETS IT RIGHT.............................................. 6 A. Violence Threatens but Fails to Spread ................................................................... 6 B. Buying Peace: The Stick and The Carrot ................................................................. 8 IV. COLLATERAL DAMAGE: THE ECONOMY AND REFUGEES .................................10 A. Bombs in FRY -
Northwestern Bosnia
February 1996 Vol. 8, No. 1 (D) NORTHWESTERN BOSNIA Human Rights Abuses during a Cease-Fire and Peace Negotiations SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................2 RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................................4 BACKGROUND...............................................................................................................................6 ABUSES IN THE SANSKI MOST AREA.......................................................................................7 Summary Executions...........................................................................................................7 AEthnic Cleansing@ of Villages and Towns in the Sanski Most Area...................................9 Stari Majdan .........................................................................................................9 Sanski Most ........................................................................................................13 Kijevo .................................................................................................................15 Poljak..................................................................................................................16 Podbreñje ............................................................................................................17 ehovci ...............................................................................................................18 -
Media Operations for Web1.Indd
Media Operations during SALW Control Interventions SEESAC Internacionalnih Brigada 56, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro South Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Tel. (+381) (11) 344 6353 / Fax. (+381) (11) 344 6356 Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons URL: www.seesac.org / Email: [email protected] Media Operations during SALW Control Interventions (2004-08-15) The South Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SEESAC) has a mandate from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Stability Pact for South East Europe (SPSEE) to provide operational assistance, technical assistance and management information in support of the formulation and implementation of SALW co-ordination, control and reduction measures, projects and activities in order to support the Stability Pact Regional Implementation Plan, thereby contributing to enhanced regional stability and further long-term development in South Eastern Europe. For further information contact: Team Leader SEESAC Internacionalnih Brigada 56 11000 Belgrade Serbia and Montenegro Tel: (+381) (11) 344 63 53 Fax: (+381) (11) 344 63 56 www.seesac.org Media Operations During SALW Control Interventions, SEESAC, 2004 ISBN: 86 - 905231 - 9 - 7 This study was researched and written by Simon Rynn, Tijana Vukadin (SEESAC Communications Officer) and Alain Lapon (SACIM Project Manager) during early 2004. The Section entitled ‘Media Relations: Guidelines’, was written by Simon Rynn, as were Annexes A-D and the Introduction. The case study of the SALW collection in Macedonia was written by Alain Lapon, while Tijana Vukadin wrote the case study of SALW reporting in Albania and Kosovo. The project was managed by Adrian Wilkinson, and copy-edited by Adrian Wilkinson and Larry Attree. -
World Bank Document
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Development Association Public Disclosure Authorized SecM97-230 FROM: Vice Presidentand Secretary April 2, 1997 Public Disclosure Authorized MONTHLY OPERATIONAL SUMMARY OF BANK AND IDA PROPOSED PROJECTS (As of March 15, 1997) Public Disclosure Authorized Distribution: Public Disclosure Authorized ExecutiveDirectors and Altemates President'sExecutive Committee SeniorManagement, Bank, IFC and MIGA I11 - ___ -- I_ _I -1i- TABLE OF CONTENTS Summaryof Bank and IDA ProposedProjects Informationon EnvironmentalAssessment Process ........... ii BusinessOpportunities ................................... iii SECTION REGION PAGES I. AFRICA 1- 25 47 II. EAST ASIA & PACIFIC REGION 26 - III. EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA 49 - 69 IV. LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 70 - 93 V. MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 94 - 103 104 - 116 VI. SOUTH ASIA VII. NEW PROJECTS ADDED IN THIS ISSUE 117 -121 VIII. PROJECTS DROPPED FROM LENDING PROGRAM AND PROJECTS SIGNED 121 MOS ANNEX I Environmental Data Sheets 1 - 105 MOS ANNEXII ProspectiveWorld Bank GuaranteeOperations 1 - 2 OperationsPolicy Department D~~~I -| _ - -X INFORMATIONABOUT THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMIENT PROCESS APPLIEDTO BANKAND EDAPROPOSED PROJECTS In October 1989 the Bank established a specific policy and procedures for environmental assessment and related environmental analyses of IBRD and IDA lending operations. Under this environmental assessment process, the type, timiing and main issues of environmental analysis to be performed by the borrower are -
District Heating Banja Luka Rapid Assessment
Rehabilitation and Modernization of the District Heating (DH) System in the City of Banja Luka – Focus on Energy Efficiency 2. 1 Rehabilitation and Modernization of the District Heating (DH) System in the City of Banja Luka – Focus on Energy Efficiency CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 9 2 BRIEF INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 11 3 ASSESSMENT OF THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE DH SYSTEM ..................................................................... 12 3.1 District Heating in Bosnia and Herzegovina ................................................................................ 12 3.2 District Heating in Banja Luka...................................................................................................... 12 3.3 Location and Natural Environment ............................................................................................. 13 3.4 Socio-economic Analysis ............................................................................................................. 19 3.5 Policy/Regulatory Framework for District Heating Operations ................................................... 23 3.5.1 International Commitments of Bosnia and Herzegovina ............................................................ 23 3.5.2 Policy Framework ....................................................................................................................... -
From Ottawa to Sarajevo
FROM OTTAWA TO SARAJEVO FROM OTTAWA TO SARAJEVO CANADIAN PEACEKEEPERS IN THE BALKANS Dawn M. Hewitt Centre for International Relations, Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada 1998 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Hewitt, Dawn M. From Ottawa to Sarajevo : Canadian peacekeepers in the Balkans (Martello papers ; 18) ISBN 0-88911-788-8 1. United Nations – Armed Forces. 2. United Nations – Canada. 3. Canada – Armed Forces – Bosnia and Hercegovina. 4. Canada – Armed Forces – Croatia. 5. Canada – Armed Forces – Yugoslavia. I. Queen’s University (Kingston, Ont.). Centre for International Relations. II. Title. III. Series. JX1981.P7H49 1997 355.3’57’0971 C97-932224-3 © Copyright 1998 Dedication To my parents, Msgt (ret) Norman E. Hewitt and Mrs Ruth Kane Hewitt The way of arms and arts as the way of the warrior is a constant precept that needs no detailing. Keep arts at your left side, arms by your right, the two must complement each other, without one the other can not be. Hojo Code The Martello Papers This is the eighteenth in a series of security studies published over the past several years by the Queen’s University Centre for International Relations (QCIR), under the general title of the Martello Papers. “From Ottawa to Sarajevo” is a detailed, empirical examination of Canadian participation in UN peacekeeping efforts in the former Yugoslavia between 1992 and 1995, written by a US Air Force officer, Major Dawn Hewitt, who served as Visiting Defence Fellow at the Centre during the 1996-97 academic year. Peacekeeping, by all accounts, has become increasingly complex since the end- ing of the Cold War, and as Major Hewitt’s monograph reveals, nowhere have those complexities and frustrations been more apparent than in the former Yugo- slavia. -
STRANE Engleski.Qxd
Republic of Srpska Your business choice Ministry of Economic Relations and Coordination PUBLISHER: Ministry of Economic Relations and Coordination Vuka Karad`i}a 4, 78000 Banja Luka Phone: 051/331-430 Fax: 051/331-436 e-mail: [email protected] Printed: 1.500 copies Banja Luka, November 2005 Print by: GRAFID, Banja Luka C O N T E N T S 1. Bosnia and Herzegovina . .5 2. Republika Srpska . .6 2.1. Constitutional and Political System . .6 Role of the Office of the High Representative (OHR) . .7 2.2. Geographic and Demographic Information . .7 3. Business Environment . .10 3.1. Macroeconomic Indicators . .10 3.2. Credit Rating . .11 3.3. Financial and Banking System . .12 Central Bank . .12 Banking System . .12 Insurance Companies . .15 Capital Market . .15 4. Investment Opportunities . .19 4.1. Foreign Investment Requirements . .19 Ways for Foreign Persons to Invest . .19 Profits Transfer Abroad . .20 Foreign Proprietary Rights . .21 Operation of Foreign Trading Companies . .21 Antitrust Regulations . .22 4.2. Foreign Representation Offices . .22 4.3. Concessions . .22 4.4. Privatisation . .25 5. Labour Relations . .27 Foreign Employment . .27 Work and Residence Permit . .27 6. Taxes . .28 7. Foreign Trade Policy . .29 Import and Export Restrictions . .29 Customs Policy and Duties . .29 Trade Agreements and Investment Promotion nd Protection Agreements . .30 Free Zones . .30 8. Public Investment Program . .32 9. Other Useful Information . .34 Communications . .34 Airports . .34 Road Network . .34 Internet Communication . .34 Working Hours . .34 Holidays . .34 Visas . .35 Exchange of Convertible Marks outside BiH . .35 Fairs in Republika Srpska . .36 Useful Addresses . .38 PREFACE Exceptionally favourable position, economic reforms, vast natural ener- gy resources and open market are the elements that guarantee econo- mic development and great possibilities to potential investors. -
World Bank Guarantee Operations
and Development InternationalBank for Reconstruction International DevelopmentAssociation Public Disclosure Authorized SecM97-466 June 9, 1997 FROM: The Acting Secretary Public Disclosure Authorized 1DA PROPOSED PROJECTS SUMMARY OF BANK AND MONTHLY OPERATIONAL (As of May 15, 1997) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Distribution: Executive Directors and Alternates President's Executive Committee IFC and MIGA Senior Management, Bank, T -- -r- used in the MOS List of Abbreviations Bureau DevelopmentAssistance AustralianInternational AIDAB Bank Asian Development ADB Bank AfricanDevelopment AfDB de Developpement Caisse Francaise CFD Bank CaribbeanDevelopment Agency CDB Development DanishInternational and Development DANIDA Reconstruction EuropeanBank for EBRD Bank EuropeanInvestment EIB EuropeanUnion of the UN EU Organization Food and Agricultural WorldBank) FAO Program(with the FAO Cooperative Agency FAO/CP Development Finland International FINNIDA Facility GlobalEnvironment Zusammenarbeit GEF fur Technische DeutscheGesellschaft and Development GTZ for Reconstruction InternationalBank IBRD Association InternationalDevelopment IDA Bank Inter-AmericanDevelopment Development IDB for Agricultural InternationalFund IFAD Bank Islamic Development IsDB Wiederaufbau (Germany) Kreditanstalt fur Cooperation KfW for Development NorwegianAgency (UK) NORAD Administration OverseasDevelopment (Japan) ODA CooperationFund OverseasEconomic Countries OECF Exporting Organizationof Petroleum OPEC Facility ProjectPreparation Authority PPF -
The Transformation of Mihailović's Chetnik Movement: from Royalist Yugoslav Forces to Serb Nationalist Guerrillas
The Transformation of Mihailović’s Chetnik Movement: From Royalist Yugoslav Forces to Serb Nationalist Guerrillas by Aleksandar Petrovic M.A. (History), Simon Fraser University, 2003 B.A. (History), University of British Columbia, 2000 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of History Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Aleksandar Petrovic 2011 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2011 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for “Fair Dealing.” Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. Approval Name: Aleksandar Petrovic Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title of Thesis: The Transformation of Mihailović’s Chetnik Movement: from Royalist Yugoslav Forces to Serb Nationalist Guerrillas Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Hilmar Pabel Professor Dr. Andre Gerolymatos Senior Supervisor Professor Dr. Ilya Vinkovetsky Supervisor Associate Professor Dr. Dimitri Krallis Internal Examiner Assistant Professor, Department of History Dr. John Fine External Examiner Professor, Department of History University of Michigan Date Defended/Approved: September 30, 2011 ii Partial Copyright Licence Abstract General Dragoljub Mihailović’s Chetnik movement has been the subject of historical studies for more than half a century. Most have focused on the Chetnik- Partisan war and the issues of Chetnik resistance to and collaboration with the Axis powers. This study expands on the existing body of knowledge by considering the effects of ethno-religious conflict on the Chetnik wartime strategy and ideology. -
Monitoring Report August 23 1997 ‘ the RAVENING HOUND of PALE’ Oslobodjenje Headline for a Story of a Dog Biting a Woman (13/8)
Highlights • How Headlines Tell It In The Sarajevo Press • Dani’s Emir Imamovic - Remote Control - Bih Journalists • ‘The Real Truth’ - Srpska Television’s Version And The Government • • Local Heroes in Tuzla See insert - Srpska Radio-Tv Special - ‘DIGGING IN THE WOUND’ A review of the B&H media published by Media Plan and the Institute for War & Peace Reporting Volume 3 • Issue 4 Monitoring Report August 23 1997 ‘ THE RAVENING HOUND OF PALE’ Oslobodjenje headline for a story of a dog biting a woman (13/8). ‘The Bloodthirsty Dog of Pale’ (13/8) the city where his conference with not yet been condemned as a war was how another Sarajevo daily, Vecernje Croatia’s President Tudjman took place criminal by any court). Novine headlined the same story about a (Vecernje Novine, 5/8). ‘Izetbegovic Is My Commentary sometimes plays to the dog who bit a female (Serb) journalist in President Too’ (Dnevni Avaz, 16/8) was a readership gallery. Oslobodjenje (6/8) wrote, Pale. Since dogs bite people everywhere, coloured interpretation of Vladimir Soljic on the reconstitution of the BiH the only interest the Sarajevo press could (Deputy President of the Federation)’s embassies, of ‘the diplomats that will have felt in the story was the opportunity statement that he accepts the authority of (unfortunately) be appointed by Pale and it offered for a good headline. the BiH Presidency. ‘The Ring Waits for Zagreb’. the Beast’ (Vecernje Novine 12/8), This underlines a problem for the described provisional arrangements Identification of quotes is not always Bosnia and Herzegovina daily press: the SFOR troops have made for the event of satisfactory.