ISSN 1015-8391

External Male Genitalia of the Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

Cheng-Shing Lin and Chung-Tu Yang

Special Publication Number 9 National Museum of Natural Science Isometopidea yangi Lin, 2005 1 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

External Male Genitalia of the Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Cheng-Shing Lin1* and Chung-Tu Yang2

1 Department of Zoology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung 404, Taiwan 2 Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan

ABSTRACT

The external male genitalia of 121 species in 20 tribes of eight subfamilies in the Miridae were examined (except for Diphleps unica Bergroth which was cited from Konstantinov, 2003). Some structures were rejudged or given a new interpretation, i.e., Singh-Pruthi's bulbous vesica was rejudged as being the exposed ejaculatory conjunctiva; Singh-Pruthi's ejaculatory duct within the bulbous vesica was rejudged as being the actual aedeagus; Singh-Pruthi's endosoma undifferentiated into the conjunctiva and vesica was interpreted as being a wholly reduced aedeagus. The support bridge, support tube, and phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in the genital chamber were distinguished. The expanded ejaculatory duct between the apex of the support tube and the base of the aedeagus were judged to be independent modifications, not homologous structures of the ejaculatory reservoir in the Pentatomomorpha. The following phylogenetic relationships in the Miridae are proposed: (Isometopinae + (Psallopinae + Cylapinae)) + ((Orthotylinae + Phylinae) + (Bryocorinae + (Deraeocorinae + Mirinae))).

Key words: Miridae, external male genitalia, phylogenetic relationships.

Ҕߋࡊ̝ฯّγّጡĞΗਂϫĈளਂֲϫğ۠

߆Җ1Ŏ ໅Ѕဦ2ڒ

ጯ௡ۏᐡજۏ1઼ϲҋ൒ࡊጯ౾ ᖪጯրٿ2઼ϲ̚Ꮈ̂ጯ

ώ͛Вᑭߤ۠Ҕߋࡊ̚ˣֲࡊĂ˟˩୉âѺ˟˩˘჌ฯّγّጡĂ׎่̚ ېᝃڽDiphleps unica Bergroth ͔ϡҋ Konstantinov, 2003 ͛ᚥĄ͛̚૟ͽ݈ү۰̝ วఀბĞbulbous vesicağҿؠࠎγᜨրቯĞexposed phallobasal conjunctivağĄ֙ͩ ĞSingh-Pruth'sğ̰วఀĞendosomağϏ̶̼ࠎրቯĞconjunctivağᄃวఀბ۞ ĞvesicağྋᛖࠎวఀĞaedeagusğԆБੜ̼ĄΩડҾ΍͚ߛ፜Ğsupport bridgeğĂ ϠതටĞgenital chamberğ̝วఀᐘրቯࡎ੓ٺ͚ߛგĞsupport tubeğĂγᜨ ͚ߛგბొᄃٺĞphallobasal conjunctival processes exposing in genital chamberğĄҜ วఀૄొม̝Ꮆ̂۞डჟგĞejaculatory ductğᄮؠࠎ፾ϲ۞ԼតĂ׎ᄃҔߋѨϫ̚ ࠎТ໚Ą۠Ҕߋ ࡊ̝ᙷቡᙯܼଯؠࠎĈܧჟࠄĞejaculatory reservoirğ̝ (Isometopinae+ (Psallopinae+ Cylapinae))+ ((Orthotyline+ Phylinae)+ (Bryocorinae+ (Deraeocorinae+ Mirinae)))Ą

ᙯᔣෟĈ۠ҔߋࡊĂฯّγϠതጡĂᙷቡᙯܼĄ

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 2

INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS

Singh-Pruthi (1925: 176) remarked for the This study was based on the examination of Capsidae (= Miridae), "The endosoma is 120 species in 20 tribes of 8 subfamilies, and on differentiated into conjunctiva and vesica, except data for Diphleps unica Bergroth (Isometopinae: in the sub-families Bryocorinae and Dicyphinae, Diphlebini) cited from Fig. 49 of Konstantinov's but this differentiation is entirely different from (2003) paper. All specimens are deposited in the that in Pentatomidae, Lygaeidae, etc. where the National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, vesica is a narrow, stiff, cylindrical organ, while in Taiwan. Capsidae it is bulbous, produced into Specimens were dried with the abdomen diverticula..." Singh-Pruthi's above view was separated from the body and then heated in 10% followed by Kelton (1959) and Konstantinov liquid sodium hydroxide. After the structure (2003). became soft and transparent and could easily and There are two points which are difficult to clearly be seen, it was transferred directly into understand. First, if the bulbous vesica evolved glycerin. It was fixed onto a cavity slide glass from a stiff one, then an intermediate stage using cotton fibers. Abdominal segment IX was probably existed. Singh-Pruthi did not mention separated from the remainder by insect pins. this. In Kelton's (1959) and Konstantinov's (2003) Abdominal segment IX including the genital styles papers, there is no evidence either. Then what was drawn in dorsal, left lateral, and caudal views happened? This certainly is a key point to using a microscope drawing tube. After understanding the external male genitalia of the completing the drawing, abdominal segment IX Miridae. This evolutionary event occurred only in was carefully dissected, and the ligamentary the Miridae, among the Heteroptera, as far as is processes between the genital plates and dorsal known. Second, the endosoma is undifferentiated arms of the connective were excised. Then the into the conjunctiva and vesica in the subfamilies phallus was drawn in dorsal and left lateral views. Bryocorinae and Dicyphinae. The aedeagus Finally the exposed ejaculatory conjunctiva was (vesica sensu Singh-Pruthi, 1925, Kelton, 1959, everted to examine the ejaculatory conjunctiva, and Konstantinov, 2003) is differentiated in the aedeagus, and ejaculatory conjunctival processes Aphidoidea, Coccoidea, Aleyrodoidea, Psylloidea, exposed in the genital chamber. Further dissection Cercopoidea, and Cicadoidea. The view that the was carried out if needed. Chlorazol black E vesica is undifferentiated in the Bryocorinae and (0.5% in 50 alcohol; Mega-view Science Dicyphinae seems to be an unreasonable Education Services, Taichung, Taiwan) was used hypothesis unless one accepts Singh-Pruthi's view, for staining if necessary. that the Heteroptera is the most-basal taxon of the Schuh and Slater's (1996) system of the Hemiptera (Singh-Pruthi, 1925: 237, fig. 2). Miridae was followed, and subfamilies and tribes Again, Dupuis and Carvalho (1970: 198) were confirmed, but genera were neglected. As for considered the ejaculatory reservoir to be present inferences concerning, cladistic rules did not in the Miridae. Tsai et al. (2004) in redefining the strictly observe. As for the phylogenetic ejaculatory reservoir sensu stricto in the relationships, we attempted to use each individual Pentatomomorpha judged this structure to be species as a taxon unit. Each illustration of the present only in the Pentatomomorpha, but they did external male genitalia is published herein, not provide evidence that the structure in that because we believe that it will be useful for alpha- Miridae was not homologous to the structure in taxonomists of the Miridae. the Pentatomomorpha. That is why a thorough examination of all species in the Miridae is Re-judgments and New Interpretations of urgently needed. Structures The support bridge and support tube were not Main differences between Singh-Pruthi's (1925) distinguished by Singh-Pruthi (1925), Kelton and Yang and Chang's (2000) view of the (1959), or Konstantinov (2003). external male genitalia in the Hemiptera (Diag. In this paper, we attempt to obtain different 1) results based on a revised interpretation of the Singh-Pruthi (1925) considered that the external male genitalia. aedeagus could be differentiated by the unequal chitinization into the phallosoma and endosoma, 3 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9 which was further differentiated into the Coptosoma cribrarium (Pentatomomoidea: conjunctiva and vesica. Plataspidae) that the "vesica .... fused throughout Yang and Chang (2000) considered the with the ejaculatory duct within". This is a aedeagus to be an independent structure and reasonable interpretation of above case. So the A- Singh-Pruthi's periandrium to be an evolutionary structure in Diag. 3 is the aedeagus (vesica sensu event independent of the aedeagus. Singh-Pruthi's Singh-Pruthi). periandrium was judged to be a combination of the phallobase, phallobasal conjunctiva, and connective. This is the main reason why the terms used in this investigation differ from those of previous authors.

Diagram l. Main differences between Singh-Pruthi's, and Yang and Chang's view of the external male genitalia. * An evolutionary event independent of the aedeagus. ** The support bridge was not distinguished by Singh- Pruthi. The connective (basal plates sensu Singh-Pruthi) was judged to "lie in the lateral borders of the basal foramen (Heteroptera) or lying on the segmental membrane inside the body cavity (Homoptera), separate the two suborders quite distinctly without any exception." (Singh-Pruthi, Diagram.2. Based on Sophianus formosanus Lin and 1925: 236). Yang Abbreviations: Aed, aedeagus; bp, basal plates; cnj, Diagram.3. Based on Isometopus hasegawai Miyamoto conjunctiva; eejd, expanded ejaculatory duct; ejd, ejaculatory duct; end, endosoma; phb, phallobase; phs, phallosoma; sm, segmental membrane; sub, support Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva bridge; vs, vesica; vs, vesica; IXs, abdominal sternite IX; Singh-Pruthi (1925: 171) described in vs, vesica; Xs, abdominal sternite X. Calocoris norvigicus (Miridae) "Vesica quite different from that in any the previous families, Aedeagus large and narrow proximally, wide and very much Comparing Diags. 2 and 3, the A-structures expanded in the distal region where it is produced have the same the position and function, and are of into four diverticula (vs. du), three of which the same tribe (Isometopini). According to Singh- become subsequently solidified; free from the Pruthi's interpretation the A-structure in Diag. 2 is ejaculatory duct within, which is thick and the vesica and in Diag. 3 is the ejaculatory duct. If conspicuous, but shorter than the vesica, so that this is correct, then why does the ejaculatory duct the gonopore lies about the middle on the dorsal entering into vesica become solid and not spiral surface instead of at the apex." (Diag. 3). Singh-Pruthi (1925: 142) described in Yang and Chang (2000: 658, fig. 534) judged Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 4 that Singh-Pruthi's vesica being called the theca "fused to the inside of the phallosoma". was wrong. Here we re-judged that this structure is Unfortunately Singh-Pruthi provided no the exposed phallobasal conjunctiva (Diag. 4). The explanation. theca is present in the Fulgoroidea (Eurybrachidae, Our observations are as follows. In Lophopidae, Ricaniidae, Tropiduchidae, Flatidae, Mecistoscelis scirtetoides Reuter (Mirinae: Nogodinidae, Issidae, and Acanaloniidae). The Mecistoscelini) (Diag. 5), the A-structure is rod- exposed phallobasal conjunctiva is present in the like in lateral view, and its base is connected to the Fulgoroidea (Cixiidae and Derbidae) and apex of the phallobase by a membranous area. The Heteroptera (a portion of the Miridae). Both the A- and B-structures are situated oppositely on the theca and the exposed phallobasal conjunctiva are dorsal and ventral apices of the phallobase. bulbous growths of the phallobasal conjunctiva In Charagochilus taivanus (Poppius) (Mirinae: around the base of the aedeagus, but in a reposed Mirini) (Diag. 6), the A-structure is half as high as condition, the former is situated within the the apex of the phallobase, and the mid-basal phallobasal cavity and the latter is at least partly portion of the longitudinal mid-dorsal arched plate exposed in the genital chamber. is connected with the apex of the phallobase by a membranous area. In Orthops scutellatus Uhler (Mirinae: Mirini) (Diag. 7) the A-structure is nearly as high as the apex of the phallobase, and the mid-basal portion of the longitudinal mid-dorsal arched plate is connected with the apex of the phallobase by a membranous area. In Orthotylus sp. 2 (Orthotylinae: Orthotylini) (Diag. 8), the upper structure was judged to be the sclerotized dorsal portion of the phallobase united with the A-structure, because the phallobasal conjunctiva connects to this upper structure at its mid-ventral aspect. The B-structure is large, and its mid-ventral portion is connected with the apex of the phallobase by a membranous area. In Excentricus planicornis (Herrich-Schaeffer) Diagram 4. Based on Calocoris norvigicus (Orthotylinae: Orthotylini) (Diag. 9) the B- Abbreviations: Aed, aedeagus; bp, basal plates; cnj, structure is extremely developed, its base is as conjunctiva; con, connective; eejd, expanded ejaculatory high as the apex of the phallobase, and the duct; ejd, ejaculatory duct; ephc, exposed phallobasal longitudinal mid-ventral is an arched plate. Its conjunctiva; phb, phallobase; phc, phallobasal mid-ventral portion is connected with the apex of conjunctiva; phcp, phallobasal conjunctival processes; the phallobase by a membranous area. In phs, phallosoma; sm, segmental membrane; sub, support Mecomma capitata Liu et Zheng (Orthotylinae: bridge; vs, vesica; IXs, abdominal sternite IX; Xs, Orthotylini) (Diag. 10), the B-structure is tube- abdominal sternite X. shaped, as high as the apex of the phallobase, and its mid-ventral portion is connected with the apex of the phallobase by a membranous area. Based on Ejaculatory conjunctival processes exposed in the above data, the A- and B-structures were genital chamber judged to be independent structures and not a part Singh-Pruthi (1925: 171) described in of the phallobase. This judgment was based on the Calocoris norvegicus (Miridae) "Conjunctiva following reasons: the phallobasal conjunctiva is smooth, without any appendages, the proximal connected before their bases; and the mid-dorsal region permanently fused to the inside of the or mid-ventral portion are connected with the phallosoma, so that even in the condition of phallobase by a membranous area. complete eversion it being not wholly exposed." In If this judgment is correct, then what are those a normal condition, the conjunctiva has to connect structures? Considering their position between the the apex of the phallosoma and the base of the apex of the phallobase and the base of the vesica. It is impossible for the conjunctiva to be aedeagus, the phallobasal conjunctival processes 5 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Diagram 5. Based on Mecistoscelis scirtetoides Reuter. Diagram 6. Based on Charagochilus taivanus (Poppius). Diagram 7. Based on Orthops scutellatus Uhler. Diagram 8. Based on Orthotylus sp. 2. Diagram 9. Based on Excentricus planicornis (Herrich-Scheffer). Diagram 10. Based on Mecomma capitata Liu et Zheng. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 6 are the only structures appearing in other taxa at form, connecting the aedeagus or the both laterobasal portions of the aedeagus. For this phallobase with the genital styles. reason, they are judged to be modifications of the Ejaculatory duct (ejd): The ectodermal phallobasal processes. They appear in their present invagination of the apex of the aedeagus. positions due to having rotated. Expanded ejaculatory duct (eejd): The expanded structure of the ejaculatory duct External male genitalia of the Teratofulvioides between the apex of the support tube and the sp. (Cylapinae) form base of the aedeagus. It is present only in the The phallus of Teratofulvioides sp. (Cylapinae: Miridae. Fulvini) is diagrammed Diag. 11. In this case, the Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva (ephc): The aedeagus (if present) is judged to be deeply bulb-like growth of the phallobasal invaginated into the exposed phallobasal conjunctiva between the phallobasal conjunctival cavity. This judgment is based on the conjunctival processes (if they are present) and expanded ejaculatory duct situated in the exposed the base of the aedeagus, which is usually ejaculatory conjunctiva still being spiraled. The exposed in the genital chamber. It is present in ejaculatory duct within the aedeagus is completely part of the Miridae, Fulgoroidea, Cixiidae, and fused with the aedeagus, and is difficult to Derbidae. distinguish in the Miridae. The same is present in Gonopore (gon): "The external opening of a Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Bryocorinae: genital duct" (Tuxan, [ed] 1970: 273). In the Dicyphini). Miridae, it is the external opening of the aedeagus. Genital plates (gp): The pair of plates at the posterior margin of abdominal sternite 9. Genital styles (gs): The lateral portions of the lower diverticulum evagination of the segmental membrane; it is highly variable in form and has a grasping role during copulation. Ligamentary processes (lig): Processes connecting the connective with the genital plates. Phallobasal conjunctiva (phc): The inner wall of the upper bulb-like growth of segment membrane round the base of the aedeagus. The phallobase and the phallobasal conjunctiva are judged to be an evolutionary event independent of the aedeagus. Diagram 11. Based on Teratofulvioides sp. Phallobasal conjunctival processes (phcp): The paired tubular evaginations of the phallobasal Terms, definitions, and abbreviations conjunctiva. The terms used in this investigation mostly follow Phallobase (phb): The external wall of the upper Yang and Chang (2000). bulb-like growth of the segmental membrane Aedeagus (aed): The median evagination tube of round the base of the aedeagus. the segmental membrane. It is judged to be an Phallus (pha): The intromittent organ including evolutionary event independent of the the connective, support bridge, support tube, phallobase + phallobasal conjunctiva + phallobase, phallobasal conjunctiva, and connective. aedeagus. Capitate processes (cap): The processes of the Segmental membrane (sm): The intersegmental support bridge. This is present in the membrane between the 9th and 10th Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, and abdominal sternites. Pentatomomorpha. Sheath (sh): The differentiated structure of the Connective (con): The lower bulb-like growth of retracted aedeagus and associated phallobasal the segmental membrane, which is variable in conjunctiva. 7 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Support bridge (sub): The differentiated The Roman numerals IX, X, and XI refer to structure of the dorsoanterior upper portion of the respective abdominal segments; the letters the phallobase. t and s affixed to these respectively indicate Support tube (sut): The differentiated structure whether it is the tergite or sternite of the of the dorsoanterior lower portion of the particular segment. phallobase. It is tubular in form, which allows the ejaculatory duct to run through it. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Support ring (sur): The differentiated structure of the support tube, which is usually a ring-like We would like to express our sincere thanks structure supporting the expanded ejaculatory to Prof. L. Y. Zheng, Department of Biology, duct; it is present in part of the Miridae. University of Nankai, Tianjin, China providing

Table 1. Synonymy of terms used for homologous structures of external male genitalia in the Miridae Terms accepted in this investigation Terms used by other authors Aedeagus Vesica sensu Singh-Pruthi (1925), Kelton (1959), and Konstantinov (2003) Ejaculatory duct within the bulbous vesica sensu Singh-Pruthi (1925) Ductus seminis inside of the bulbous vesica sensu Kelton (1959) and Konstantinov (2003) Connective Basal plates sensu Singh-Pruthi (1925) Phallobase sensu Kelton (1959) and Konstantinov (2003) Ejaculatory duct Ductus seminis sensu Kelton (1959) and Konstantinov (2003) Expanded ejaculatory duct Ejaculatory duct sensu Singh-Pruthi (1925) Duct seminis sensu Kelton (1959) Ductus ejaculatorius sensu Konstantinov (2003) Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva Bulbous vesica sensu Singh-Pruthi (1925) and Kelton (1959) Membranous lobes vesica sensu Konstantinov (2003) Genital plates Subgenital plates sensu Singh-Pruthi (1925) Cuplike sclerite sensu Konstantinov (2003) Gonopore Secondary gonopore sensu Konstantinov (2003) Genital styles Parameres sensu Singh-Pruthi (1925) and Konstantinov (2003) Clasper sensu Kelton (1959) Phallobasal conjunctiva Conjunctiva sensu Singh-Pruthi (1925) and Konstantinov (2003) Phallobasal conjunctival processes Conjunctiva appendages sensu Singh-Pruthi (1925) Phallobase Phallosoma sensu Singh-Pruthi (1925) Phallotheca sensu Kelton (1959) Theca sensu Konstantinov (2003) Support bridge Arms of the basal plates bridge prolonged into a pair of ligaments, e.g., in the Pentatomidae or struts, e.g., in the Reduviidae, Nepidae, etc. sensu Singh-Pruthi (1925) Ponticulus transversalis sensu Dupuis (1970) Support tube Basal plates bridge sensu Singh-Pruthi (1925) and Konstantinov (2003) IX Genital capsule sensu Konstantinov (2003) X+XI Proctiger sensu Konstantinov (2003) Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 8 valuable specimens and references. Thanks are Support tube not upraised. Expanded ejaculatory given to Ms. M. L. Chan and Mr. Weili Lan duct separated into 2 parts; basal part rounded, not illustrate the frontispiece. Thanks are also given to spiraled; apical part slender, spiraled. Neither two anonymous reviewers who provided valuable phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. comments on this manuscript. This research was Aedeagus not examined. supported by a grant (NSC93-2621-B-178-001) Specimen examined: After Lin and Yang from the National Science Council, Taiwan. (2004: 33).

RESULTS 3. Myiomma choui Lin and Yang, 2004 Fig. 3 I. Subfamily Isometopinae Abdominal segment IX with incompletely (1) Tribe Isometopini fused tergite and sternite. Apex of tergite 0.42 times width of widest portion; apical margin 1. Myiomma zhengi Lin and Yang, 2004 deeply emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical Fig. 1 apex, slightly produced medially, both margins notched. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment IX with incompletely Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. fused tergite and sternite. Apex of tergite 0.29 Genital plates not examined. Genital styles times width of widest portion; apical margin asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. slightly emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical Connective complete, U-shaped. Support apex, base of left genital style distinctly notched. bridge poorly developed, lower portion difficult to Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal recognize in lateral view. Capitate processes small. segment XI not examined. Genital plates arched, Support tube not upraised. Expanded ejaculatory narrow. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and duct separated into 2 parts; basal part rounded, not size, one on left larger. spiraled; apical part slender, spiraled. Aedeagus Connective complete, U-shaped. Support moderately long, stiff. Gonopore difficult to bridge poorly developed, lower portion difficult to recognize. recognize in lateral view. Capitate processes small. Specimen examined: After Lin and Yang Support tube not upraised. Expanded ejaculatory (2004: 36). duct separated into 2 parts; basal part elongate ovate, not spiraled; apical part slender, spiraled. 4. Sophianus formosanus Lin and Yang, 2004 Phallobasal conjunctiva difficult to distinguish, Fig. 4 without an appendage. Aedeagus moderately long, stiff, converging to apex. Gonopore difficult to Abdominal segment IX with incompletely recognize. fused tergite and sternite. Apex of tergite 0.54 Specimen examined: After Lin and Yang times width of widest portion; apical margin (2004: 32). deeply emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, right 1/2 somewhat transverse, left 1/2 2. Myiomma semuelsoni Miyamoto, 1965 distinctly notched. Abdominal segment X Fig. 2 transverse. Abdominal segment XI not examined. Genital plates not examined. Genital styles Abdominal segment IX with incompletely asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. fused tergite and sternite. Apex of tergite 0.44 Connective complete, U-shaped. Support times width of widest portion; apical margin bridge poorly developed. Capitate processes small. shallowly emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical Support tube not upraised. Expanded ejaculatory apex, both margins with distinguishable notching. duct separated into 2 parts; basal part rounded, Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal spiraled; apical part slender, spiraled. Aedeagus segment XI not examined. Genital plates arched, moderately long, stiff. Gonopore difficult to narrow. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and recognize. size, one on left larger. Specimen examined: After Lin and Yang Connective complete, U-shaped. Support (2004: 36). bridge poorly developed. Capitate processes small. 5. Isometopus hasegawai Miyamoto, 1965 9 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 5 W.T. Yang, Malaise trap. Det. by C. S. Lin.

Abdominal segment IX with incompletely (2) Tribe Diphlebini fused tergite and sternite. Apex of tergite 0.39 times width of widest portion; apical margin 7. Diphleps unica (Bergroth, 1924) shallowly emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical Fig. 7 apex, median portion distinctly produced caudad, quadrate; anterior margin incised medially. No specimen was examined by the authors. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal The following information is cited from segment XI not examined. Genital plates arched, Konstandinov (2003: 27). "Genital capsula (= both ends expanded. Genital styles asymmetrical abdominal segment IX) trapeziform, more or less in shape and size, one on left larger. flattened in dorso-ventral direction and split into Connective complete, U-shaped. Support dorsal and ventral walls by thin membranous line bridge poorly developed. Capitate processes small. in all examined representatives except Diphleps Support tube not upraised. Expanded ejaculatory unica." On page 29, "Aedeagus (= phallus) duct not separated into 2 parts, of the same width Phallobase (= connective+support bridge) of and spiraled throughout its length. Phallobase and regular form, Ductifer (= support tube) well phallobasal conjunctiva not shortened. Exposed developed. Dorsal connectives with weakly phallobasal conjunctiva differentiated, simple, developed capitate processes. Theca (= without appendage; aedeagus completely covered, phallobase) usually with comparatively weak surface covered with cuticular spots. Aedeagus sclerotization on apical part. Dorsal wall of theca moderately long, stiff. Gonopore difficult to slightly sclerotized than ventral wall. Theca with recognize. rounded mouth. Vesica (= aedeagus) absent in all Specimen examined: After Lin and Yang representatives except in Diphleps." "In Diphleps (2004: 30). endosoma differentiated into conjunctiva and vesica. Conjunctiva (= phallobasal conjunctiva) 6. Isometopus yehi Lin voluminous, armed with conjoined sclerotized Fig. 6 spiculae. Vesica (= aedeagus) shaped as completely sclerotized rod, nearly round in cross- Abdominal segment IX with incompletely section and tapering towards apex. Opening of fused tergite and sternite. Apex of tergite 0.56 secondary gonopore (= gonopore) located in the times width of widest portion; apical margin middle of lateral wall of vesica. Unlike other shallowly emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical isometopines, in Diphleps walls of proximal part apex, median portion distinctly produced caudad, of ductus seminis (= basal part of expanded quadrate; anterior margin complete. Abdominal ejaculatory duct) next to primary gonopore segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI distinctly sclerotized." Aedeagus lengthened. retracted into segment X. Genital plates arched, Remarks on Description of the Isometopinae rather stout. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. Connective complete, U-shaped. Support bridge poorly developed. Capitate processes somewhat large. Support tube not upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 parts, of the same width and spiraled throughout its length. Phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva not shortened. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva differentiated, slender, simple, without appendage, surface sparsely covered with cuticular spots, apex armed with dense spines, completely covering aedeagus. Aedeagus moderately long, stiff. Gonopore difficult to recognize. Fig. 7. Diphleps unica. A. phallus, lateral view (after Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou Co., Chunyang. 9 Mar.~6 June 2004. C. S. Lin and Konstantinov, 2003, fig. 49). Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 10

Fig. l. Myiomma zhengi. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, caudal view; D. phallus, lateral view; E. the same, dorsal view; F. connective and expanded ejaculatory duct, caudal view; G. aedeagus, lateral view (after Lin and Yang, 2004). 11 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 2. Myiomma samulsoni. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, caudal view; D. phallus, right dorsolateral view; E. phallus and genital styles, dorsal view (after Lin and Yang, 2004). Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 12

Fig. 3. Myiomma choui. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. phallus, lateral view; D. the same, dorsal view; E. connective expanded ejaculatory duct and aedeagus, lateral view (after Lin and Yang, 2004). 13 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 4. Sophianus formosanus. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, caudal view; D. phallus, lateral view; E. the same, dorsal view; F. connective, expanded ejaculatory duct and aedeagus, lateral view (after Lin and Yang, 2004). Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 14

Fig. 5. Isometopus hasegawai. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, right lateral view, slightly dorsad; D. the same, caudal view; E. apex of abdominal sternite IX and genital plates, dorsal view; F. phallobase, lateral view; G. the same, dorsal view; H. aedeagus in complete eversion, dorsal view (after Lin and Yang, 2004). 15 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 6. Isometopus yehi. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. abdominal tergite IX, dorsal view; F. phallus, lateral view; G. the same, dorsal view; H. the same with part of the phallobase removed, lateral view; I. apex of abdominal sternite IX and genital plates, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 16

processes. Aedeagus shortened, extremely Abdominal segment IX with incompletely reduced, seemingly only gonopore existing. fused or completely fused tergite and sternite; not Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges in half- dorsoventrally elongate quadrate in lateral view; circle. its posterior opening not directed ventrocaudad; its Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou anterior margin with an undifferentiated extension; C0., Lienhuachih. June 1984, K. S. Lin and K. C. its surface without a process. Abdominal segment Chou, Malaise trap. Det. by C. S. Lin X transverse; directed caudad; situated after abdominal tergite IX. Genital styles asymmetrical 9. Psallops leeae Lin, 2004 in shape and size, one on left larger. Fig. 9 Connective complete. Support bridge poorly developed, not winged. Capitate processes Apex of tergite IX 0.37 times width of widest differentiated, small. Expanded ejaculatory duct portion; apical margin deeply emarginated, median either not separated into 2 parts, of the same width portion without membranous line. Sternite with and spiraled throughout its length; or separated slightly asymmetrical apex. Abdominal segment X into 2 parts, basal part rounded, either spiraled or transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into not, apical part slender, spiraled. Sheath segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital undifferentiated. Neither phallobase nor styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal larger. conjunctival processes exposed in genital chamber Connective complete, U-shaped. Support undifferentiated. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva bridge well developed. Capitate processes either undifferentiated or differentiated. Aedeagus moderately large. Support ring differentiated, short moderately long or lengthened. Gonopore either tube-shaped. Expanded ejaculatory duct separated difficult to recognize or well defined. into 2 parts; basal part lightly pigmented, not spiraled; apical part rather broad, spiraled. Sheath II. Subfamily Psallopinae differentiated, large, apex obliquely truncated. Phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva not (3) Tribe Psallopini shortened. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva differentiated, bulbous, in an inflated condition, 8. Psallops formosanus Lin, 2004 dorsoapical portion with a tuft of spines, Fig. 8 ventrocaudal portion with single, long process and 2 tufts of spines. Aedeagus shortened, extremely Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.35 times width reduced, seemingly only gonopore present. of widest portion; apical margin deeply Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges in half- emarginated; basal 2/3 of median line circle. membranous. Sternite with symmetrical apex, median portion broadly produced caudad, Remarks on Description of the Psallopinae rounded. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI not examined. Genital Abdominal segment IX with completely fused plates arched. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape tergite and sternite; not dorsoventrally elongate and size, one on left larger. quadrate in lateral view; its posterior opening not Connective complete, U-shaped. Support directed ventrocaudad; its anterior margin with bridge well developed; very large in lateral view. undifferentiated extension; its surface without a Capitate processes moderately large. Support tube process. Abdominal segment X transverse; small. Support ring differentiated, tube-shaped. directed caudad; situated after abdominal tergite Expanded ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; IX. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, basal part lightly pigmented, rod-like, not spiraled; one on left larger. apical part rather broad, spiraled. Sheath Connective complete. Support bridge well differentiated, rather large, weakly sclerotized. developed, not winged. Capitate processes Neither phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva differentiated. Expanded ejaculatory duct shortened. Exposed ejaculatory conjunctiva separated into 2 parts; basal part variable in form, differentiated, bulbous, dorsoapical portion with a not spiraled; apical part slender, spiraled. Sheath tuft of a spine, basoventral portion with 3 differentiated. Neither phallobase nor phallobasal 17 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9 conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival Expanded ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; processes exposed in genital chamber basal part slender, lightly pigmented, not spiraled; differentiated. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva apical part slender, spiraled. Support ring ring- differentiated. Aedeagus shortened. Gonopore like. Neither phallobase nor phallobasal defined, with transverse ridges. conjunctiva shortened. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, seemingly 2-lobed, surface III. Subfamily Cylapinae armed with longitudinal ridges and 2 rows of short spines. Aedeagus and gonopore wholly reduced. (4) Bothriomirini Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou Co., Lienhuachih. 10 June~7 July 2003. C. S. Lin 10. Bothriomiris lugubris Poppius, 1915 and W. T. Yang. Det. by C. S. Lin. Fig. 10 (5) Fulvini Median portion of left margin of abdominal segment IX with a stout process, directed caudad. 12. Peritropis punctatus Carvalho & Lorenzato, Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.53 times width of 1978 widest portion; apical margin deeply emarginated Fig. 12 obliquely. Sternite with slightly asymmetrical apex. Abdominal segment X transverse, directed Abdominal tergite IX 0.49 times width of to left and laterocaudad. Abdominal segment XI widest portion; apical margin shallowly not retracted into segment X. Genital plates not emarginated. Sternite with seemingly symmetrical examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape apex, median portion produced caudad, rounded. and size, one on left larger. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal Connective with reduced transverse portion. segment XI not examined. Genital plates not Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape moderately large. Support tube not upraised. and size, one on right larger. Expanded ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; Connective with reduced transverse portion. basal part lightly pigmented, except caudal margin Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes heavily pigmented, not spiraled; apical part moderately large. Support tube not upraised. slender, spiraled. Neither phallobase nor Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Exposed separated into 2 parts; basal part lightly phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, with 4 different pigmented, rod-like, rather narrow, not spiraled; forms of processes. Aedeagus and gonopore apical part slender, spiraled. Neither phallobase wholly reduced. nor phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Exposed Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, with 3 long Co., Lienhuachih. 9 Sept.~14 Oct. 2002. C.S. Lin processes. Aedeagus and gonopore wholly and W.T. Yang, Malaise trap. Det. by C. S. Lin. reduced. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: 11. Cylapomorpha michikoae Yasunaga, 2000 Pingtung, Co., Lilunshan. 16 Mar.~16 Apr. 2001. Fig. 11 H. T. Shih and N. T. Chang, Malaise trap. Det. by C. S. Lin. Mid-dorsoapical portion of abdominal segment IX with a process. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.45 times width of widest portion; apical margin deeply emarginated. Sternite with slightly asymmetrical apex. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital plates arched, both ends expanded. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left slightly larger. Connective with reduced transverse portion. Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes moderately large. Support tube not upraised. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 18

Fig. 8. Psallops formosanus. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. connective, support bridge and support tube, dorsal view; G. aedeagus wholly everted, lateral view; H. genital styles and genital plates, dorsal view. 19 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 9. Psallops leeae. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. genital styles, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 20

Fig. 10. Bothriomiris lugubris. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view. 21 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 11. Cylapomorpha michikoae. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. genital plates, dorsal view; F. phallus, lateral view; G. the same, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 22

Fig. 12. Peritropis punctatus. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view. 23 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

13. Teratofulvioides sp. 14. Strongylocoris niger (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) Fig. 13 Fig. 14

Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.46 times width Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.63 times width of widest portion; apical margin deeply of widest portion; apical margin deeply emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, emarginated. Sternite with seemingly symmetrical broadly produced caudad, rounded. Abdominal apex. Abdominal segment X transverse, somewhat segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI directed to right and laterocaudad. Abdominal retracted into segment X. Genital plates not segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical and size, one on left slightly larger. Connective in shape and size, one on left larger. complete, U-shaped. Support bridge poorly Connective with reduced transverse portion. developed, produced dorsad in lateral view. Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes Capitate processes rather small. Support tube not moderately large. Support tube not upraised. upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct separated into Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 2 parts; basal part lightly pigmented, converging parts, lightly pigmented, not spiraled, rod-like, to apex, not spiraled; apical part slender, spiraled. narrow. Sheath differentiated, small. Neither Neither phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. shortened. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva Phallobase with sclerotized apical portion. bulbous, without any appendage. Aedeagus wholly Exposed ejaculatory conjunctiva undifferentiated. reduced. Gonopore wholly reduced. Aedeagus lengthened, reaching apex of Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou phallobase, stiff. Gonopore difficult to recognize. Co., Howang,.Hweisuan. 15~16 Aug. 2002. W. T. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou., Yang, mercury light. Det. by C. S. Lin. Lushan. 27~31 May 1980. K. S. Lin and L. Y. Chou. Det. by C. S. Lin. Remarks on Description of the Cylapinae 15. Labops sahlbergii (Fallen, 1829) Abdominal segment IX with completely fused Fig. 15 tergite and sternite; not dorsoventrally elongate quadrate in lateral view; its posterior opening not Abdominal tergite IX 0.39 times width of directed ventrocaudad; its anterior margin with widest portion; apical margin deeply emarginated, undifferentiated extension; its surface with or especially median portion. Sternite with seemingly without a process. Abdominal segment X symmetrical apex. Abdominal segment X transverse; directed caudad; or left laterocaudad; transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into situated after abdominal tergite IX. Genital styles segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital asymmetrical in shape and size, one either on left styles asymmetrical in shape, one on left stouter. or on right larger. Connective with reduced transverse portion. Connective either complete or with reduced Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes transverse portion. Support bridge either poorly or moderately large. Support tube rather dorsad. well developed, not winged. Capitate processes Expanded ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; differentiated. Expanded ejaculatory duct basal part lightly pigmented, subparallel-sided, not separated into 2 parts; basal part variable in form, spiraled; apical part rather broad, spiraled. Sheath not spiraled; apical part slender, spiraled. Sheath rather large, pigmented, trapezoid. Neither undifferentiated. Neither phallobase nor phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, its conjunctival processes exposed in genital chamber basodorsal portion with a tuft of long spines. undifferentiated. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva Aedeagus very short. Gonopore undefined, with differentiated. Aedeagus and gonopore wholly sclerotized ridges. reduced. Specimen examined: 1 male. Inner Mongolia. 2 Aug. 1908. C. Y. Lee. Det. by L. Y. Zheng. IV. Subfamily Orthotylinae

(6) Tribe Halticini Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 24

Fig. 13. Teratofulvioides sp. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view. 25 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 14. Strongylocoris niger. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 26

Fig. 15. Labops sahlbergii. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, dorsal view; F. the same, lateral view; G. sheath and aedeagus, lateral view. 27 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

16. Orthocephalus funestus Jakovlev, 1881 Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.47 times width Fig. 16 of widest portion; apical margin deeply emarginated. Sternite with seemingly symmetrical Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.40 times width apex, broad, roundly produced caudad. Abdominal of widest portion; apical margin deeply segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex. retracted into segment X. Genital plates not Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital and size, one on left larger. plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical Connective with reduced transverse portion. in shape, one on left stouter. Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes Connective with reduced transverse portion. moderately large. Support tube not upraised. Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes Expanded ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; comparatively large. Support tube rather dorsad. basal part subquadrate, lightly pigmented, not Expanded ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; spiraled; apical part rather broad, spiraled. Sheath basal part lightly pigmented, stout, not spiraled; undifferentiated. Neither phallobase nor apical part slender, spiraled. Sheath rather large, phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Exposed pigmented, trapezoid. Neither phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva tube-shaped, pigmented, phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Exposed partly exposed in genital chamber. Aedeagus and phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, with a long gonopore wholly reduced. process. Aedeagus very short. Gonopore Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Pingtung undefined, with sclerotized ridges. Co., Liuchiu I., 22~23 July 1982. K. C. Chou and Specimen examined: 1 male. China: Hubei C. C. Pan. Det. by C. S. Lin. Prov., Shenlunchia. 27 June 1997. C. Mu 19. Coriodromis chinensis Liu et Zao, 1999 17. Halticus bractatus (Say, 1832) Fig. 19 Fig. 17 Apex of abdominal tergite IX 1.10 times width Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.30 times width of anterior narrowest portion; apical margin not of widest portion; apical margin straight, not emarginated. Tergite extremely short, situated at emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, posterior portion of segment. Sternite broadest at obliquely truncated. Abdominal segment IX apex, left 1/3 with membranous line reaching quadrate in lateral view; transverse ovate in caudal middle of segment. Abdominal segment X view. Abdominal segment X transverse, as wide as transverse, situated near left margin in dorsal view. apex of tergite IX. Abdominal segment XI not Abdominal segment XI not examined. Genital retracted into segment X. Genital plates not plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical examined. Genital styles seemingly symmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger, both styles in shape and size. closely situated somewhat to right. Connective with reduced transverse portion. Phallus situated rather to right within segment Support bridge well developed, dorsolateral IX. Connective with reduced transverse portion. portions winged laterally. Capitate processes Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes comparatively small. Expanded ejaculatory duct small, cone-shaped. Support tube not upraised. separated into 2 parts; basal part lightly Expanded ejaculatory duct seemingly separated pigmented, convergent to apex, not spiraled; into 2 parts; basal part extremely large, apical part rather broad, spiraled. Sheath quadrate. membranous, convergent to apex, not spiraled; Neither phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva apical part very small, seemingly spiraled. Sheath shortened. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva tube- undifferentiated. Neither phallobase nor shaped, small, not exposed in genital chamber. phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Exposed Aedeagus and gonopore wholly reduced. phallobasal conjunctiva tube-shaped, sinuate, most Specimen examined: 1 male. Inner Mongolia, parts exposed in genital chamber. Aedeagus and 12 June 1988. C. Y. Lee. gonopore wholly reduced. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou 18. Halticus tibialis Reuter, 1891 Co., Lienhuachih. 6 Jan.~12 Feb. 2003. C. S. Lin Fig. 18 and W. T. Yang, Mlaise trap. Det. by C. S. Lin. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 28

(7) Tribe Orthotylini 22. Latizanchius viridvittatus Liu et Zheng, 2001 Fig. 22 20. Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter, 1885 Fig. 20 Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.56 times width of widest portion; apical margin deeply Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.37 times width emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, of widest portion; apical margin not emarginated. right lateroapical portion deeply emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, characteristically Abdominal segment X transverse, directed to left emarginated near middle. Abdominal segment X and laterocaudad. Abdominal segment XI elongate. Abdominal segment XI not retracted into retracted into segment X. Genital plates not segment X. Genital plates arched, uniformly examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in size wide. Genital styles asymmetrical, as figured. only, one on left slight larger. Connective with reduced transverse portion. Connective with reduced transverse portion. Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes Support bridge well developed, apex produced moderately large. Support tube rather upraised. dorsad, rod-like in lateral view. Capitate processes Support ring recognizable. Expanded ejaculatory moderately large. Support tube not upraised. duct not separated into 2 parts, lightly pigmented, Expanded ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; not spiraled. Sheath undifferentiated. Exposed basal part slender, lightly pigmented, not spiraled; phallobasal conjunctiva undifferentiated. Neither apical part spiraled. Sheath undifferentiated. phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva inferred Aedeagus moderately long, stiff. Gonopore from following species, shortened and ventral difficult to recognize. phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Pingtung genital chamber differentiated. Exposed Co., Eluanpi. 12~13 June 1984. K. C. Chou and C. phallobasal conjunctiva inferred from following C. Pan. Det. by C. S. Lin. species, differentiated into smaller and incompletely covered aedeagus, with single 21. Pseudoloxops lateralis (Poppius, 1915) pigmented process, not serrated. Aedeagus Fig. 21 shortened, rod-like. Gonopore difficult to recognize. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.50 times width Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou of widest portion; apical margin deeply Co., Tungpu. 20~24 Apr. 1982. T. Lin and K. C. emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, Chou. Det. by C. S. Lin. median portion acutely produced caudad into cone-shaped structure, armed with strong spines. 23. Orthotylus sp. 1 Abdominal segment X elongate. Abdominal Fig. 23 segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical Left apical median margin of abdominal in shape and size, one on left larger. segment IX with a short process. Apex of Connective with reduced transverse portion. abdominal tergite IX 0.50 times width of widest Support bridge well developed. Capitate portion; apical margin strongly emarginated. processes moderately large. Support tube ovate. Sternite with symmetrical apex, acutely produced Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 caudad medially, armed with strong setae. parts, lightly pigmented, not spiraled. Sheath Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal undifferentiated. Neither phallobase nor segment XI not examined. Genital plates not phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Exposed examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape phallobasal conjunctiva undifferentiated. and size, one on left larger. Aedeagus lengthened, slightly extending over Connective with reduced transverse portion. apex of phallobase, stiff. Gonopore difficult to Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes recognize. comparatively large. Support tube not upraised. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Pingtung Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct Co., Liuchiu I. 22~23 Mar. 1982. K. C. Chou and separated into 2 parts; basal part moderately wide, C. C. Pan. Det. by C. S. Lin. heavily pigmented, not spiraled; apical part rather broad, spiraled. Sheath small. Both phallobase and 29 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9 phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal apex. Abdominal segment X transverse. conjunctival processes exposed in genital chamber Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. differentiated, ventral one large, plate-shaped; Genital plates arched. Genital styles asymmetrical dorsal one fused with dorsal sclerotized portion of in shape and size, one on left slightly larger. phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva Connective with reduced transverse portion. differentiated, small, with 2 long, serrated Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes processes. Aedeagus shortened, stiff, rod-like. moderately large. Support tube rather upraised. Gonopore difficult to recognize. Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou separated into 2 parts; basal part rod-like, lightly Co., Huisun. 20 Feb. 1990. C. S. Tseng, light trap. pigmented, not spiraled; apical part slender, NMNS 629-7073. Det. by C. S. Lin. spiraled. Sheath short. Both phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal 24. Orthotylus sp. 2 conjunctival processes exposed in genital Fig. 24 chamber, ventral one very large, tube-shaped at base. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva small, with Left apical median margin of abdominal 2 serrated processes, dorsal process branched into segment IX with a short process; extension 5 branches at apex; lower one 2-branched. differentiated. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.48 Aedeagus shortened. Gonopore difficult to times width of widest portion; apical margin recognize. deeply emarginated. Sternite with more or less Specimen examined: 1 male. China: Hanglon asymmetrical apex, acutely produced caudad R.. 9 Aug. 1984. Chen. slightly to left, armed with long setae. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI not 26. Mecomma capitata Liu et Zheng 1993 retracted into segment X. Genital plates not Fig. 26 examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.47 times width Connective with reduced transverse portion. of widest portion; apical margin strongly Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, left moderately large. Support tube rather upraised. laterocaudal portion obliquely straightened. upport ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal separated into 2 parts; basal part elongate, lightly segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital pigmented, not spiraled; apical part slender, plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical spiraled. Sheath unrecognizable. Both phallobase in shape and size, one on left slightly larger. and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal Connective with reduced transverse portion. conjunctival processes exposed in genital Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes chamber, ventral one large, plate-shaped; dorsal moderately large. Support tube somewhat one fused with apical sclerotized portion of upraised. Support ring ring-like. Expanded phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part small, with 2 serrated processes. Aedeagus converging to apex, heavily pigmented, not shortened, stiff, rod-like. Gonopore difficult to spiraled; apical part slender, spiraled. Sheath recognize. undifferentiated. Both phallobase and phallobasal Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival Co., Jenai Township, Chunyang. 10~12 Aug. processes exposed in genital chamber, ventral one 1998. C. S. Lin and W. T. Yang, mercury light. tube-shaped. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva NMNS ENT. 2948-16. Det. by C. S. Lin. small, with a long, pigmented process, branched subapically. Aedeagus shortened, slightly arched 25. Excentricus planicornis (Herrich-Schaeffer, at apex. Gonopore difficult to recognize. 1836) Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou Fig. 25 Co., Jenai Township, Aowanda. 30 Apr. 1992. W. T. Yang, sweep net. 1448-226. Det. by C. S. Lin Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.50 times width of widest portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical, truncated Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 30

Fig. 16. Orthocephalus funestus. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. sheath and aedeagus, lateral view. 31 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 17. Halticus bractatus. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 32

Fig. 18. Halticus tibialis. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. exposed phallobasal conjunctiva, lateral view. 33 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 19. Coriodromis chinensis. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. abdominal sternite IX, phallus, and genital styles, ventral view; D. abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, caudal view; E. the same, lateral view; F. phallus, lateral view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 34

Fig. 20. Cyrtorhinus lividipennis. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. phallus, genital plates and genital styles, dorsal view. 35 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 21. Pseudoloxops lateralis. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 36

Fig. 22. Latizanchius viridvittatus. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, ventral view. 37 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 23. Orthotylus sp. 1. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, causal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 38

Fig. 24. Orthotylus sp. 2. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. aedeagus, in complete eversion, lateral view. 39 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 25. Excentricus planicornis. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; H. aedeagus and sheath, dorsal view; I. genital styles, dorsal view; J. genital plates, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 40

Fig. 26. Mecomma capitata. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view. 41 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

27. Mecomma opaca Liu et Zheng, 1993 structure, inner side with 2 processes, one of them Fig. 27 branched at apex. Aedeagus shortened, rod-like. Gonopore difficult to recognize. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.40 times width Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Pingtung of widest portion; apical margin strongly Co., Eluanpi. 27 June 1981. T. Lin and C. C. Pan. emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, left Det. by C. S. Lin. laterocaudal portion shallowly emarginated. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal 29. Pseudoloxopidea sp. segment XI not retracted into segment X. Genital Fig. 29 plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left somewhat larger. Abdominal segment IX with a small process at Connective with reduced transverse portion. left lateroapical angle. Apex of abdominal tergite Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes IX 0.53 times width of widest portion; apical moderately large. Support tube not upraised. margin deeply emarginated. Sternite with Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct asymmetrical apex. Abdominal segment X separated into 2 parts; basal part rather small, transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into heavily pigmented, not spiraled; apical part segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital slender, spiraled. Sheath undifferentiated. Both styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. somewhat larger. Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in Connective with reduced transverse portion. genital chamber, ventral one tube-shaped. Exposed Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes phallobasal conjunctiva small, with a long, large. Support tube upraised. Support ring ring- pigmented process, branched subapically. like. Expanded ejaculatory duct separated into 2 Aedeagus shortened, slightly convex ventral to parts; basal part elongate quadrate, heavily apex. Gonopore difficult to recognize. pigmented, not spiraled; apical part slender, Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou spiraled. Sheath quadrate. Both phallobase and Co., Jenai Township, Aowanda. 30 June 1992. W. phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal T. Yang, sweep net. 1448-76. Det. by C. S. Lin. conjunctival processes exposed in genital chamber, ventral one tube-shaped. Exposed 28. Zanchius apicalis Poppius, 1915 phallobasal conjunctiva large, bilobed, each lobe Fig. 28 pigmented at apex. Aedeagus shortened. Gonopore difficult to recognize. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.56 times width Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou of widest portion; apical margin shallowly Co., Huisun. 20 Feb. 1999. C. S. Tseng, light trap. emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, NMNS ENT. 629-7303. Det. by C. S. Lin. median portion unequally produced caudad. Abdominal segment X elongate. Abdominal Remarks on Description of the Orthotylinae segment XI not retracted into segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical Abdominal segment IX with completely fused in shape and size, one on left larger. tergite and sternite; not dorsoventrally elongate Connective with reduced transverse portion. quadrate in lateral view; its posterior opening not Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes directed ventrocaudad; its anterior margin with moderately large. Support tube upraised. Support undifferentiated extension; its surface either with ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct or without a process. Abdominal segment X either separated into 2 parts; basal part lightly transverse or elongate; directed either caudad or to pigmented, not spiraled; apical part slender, right and laterocaudad; situated after abdominal spiraled. Sheath short. Both phallobase and tergite IX. Genital styles either asymmetrical in phallobasal conjunctiva judged to be shortened. shape and size, one on left larger; or symmetrical Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in in shape and size. genital chamber, ventral one judged to be united Connective with reduced transverse portion. into tube-shaped structure. Exposed phallobasal Support bridge well developed; if winged, not conjunctiva large, partly exposed in genital directed cephalad. Capitate processes chamber, apex with pigmented cone-shaped differentiated. Expanded ejaculatory duct either Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 42 separated into 2 parts; basal part variable in form, emarginated. Sternite with seemingly symmetrical not spiraled; apical part spiraled; or not separated apex. Abdominal segment X transverse. into 2 parts, not spiraled. Sheath either Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. undifferentiated or differentiated. Neither Genital plates not examined. Genital styles phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva shortened asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. or both only slightly shortened. Phallobasal Connective complete, U-shaped; angulated > conjunctival processes exposed in genital chamber 90ϒ ventrally. Support bridge somewhat well either undifferentiated or differentiated. Exposed developed, slender in lateral view. Capitate phallobasal conjunctiva either undifferentiated or processes comparatively large. Support tube differentiated. Aedeagus moderately either long, rather upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct not lengthened, shortened, or wholly reduced. separated into 2 parts, lightly pigmented, not Gonopore either difficult to recognize or wholly spiraled. Neither phallobase nor phallobasal reduced. conjunctiva shortened. Aedeagus lengthened, L- shaped, stiff, not extending over apex of V. Subfamily Phylinae phallobase. Gonopore difficult to recognize. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Hsinchu (8) Auricillocorini Co., Wufeng. 14~16 July 1982. K. C. Chou and C. C. Pan. Det. by C. S. Lin. 30. Wygomiris sp. Fig. 30 32. Pilophorus typicus (Distant, 1909) Fig. 32 Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.30 times width of widest portion; apical margin moderately Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.28 times width emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, of widest portion; apical margin deeply broadly produced caudad, rounded. Abdominal emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI roundly produced caudad. Abdominal segment X retracted into segment X. Genital plates not transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into examined. Left genital style [lost/missing?]. segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital Phallus C-shaped within segment IX. styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left Connective with reduced transverse portion. larger. Support bridge well developed, median portion Connective with reduced transverse portion. narrowly produced caudad in dorsal view. Support bridge well developed, short triangular, as Capitate processes small. Support tube extremely wide as long in lateral view. Capitate processes upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated moderately large. Support tube rather upraised. into 2 parts; lightly pigmented, not spiraled. Support ring subquadrate in dorsal view. Phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva judged not Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 to be shortened. Phallobase with sclerotized apical parts, heavily pigmented, not spiraled. Sheath portion. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva undifferentiated. Neither phallobase nor undifferentiated. Aedeagus lengthened, stiff, phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobase cylindrical, apical 1/2 expanded, then converging with sclerotized apical portion. Aedeagus to apex. Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, lengthened, stiff, cylindrical, L-shaped, not elongate. extending over apex of phallobase; dorsal aspect Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou of apical 1/3 with a branched process. Gonopore Co.., Huisun. 20 Feb. 1990. S. C. Tseng, light trap. defined, with transverse ridges which are not NMNS 629-6703. Det. by C. S. Lin. really situated above gonopore. Gonopore subterminal. (9) Tribe Pilophorini Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Taitung Co., 9~11 Nov. 1982. K. C. Chou and S. P. Huang. 31. Pilophorus formosanus Poppius, 1914 Det. by C. S. Lin. Fig. 31

Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.32 times width of widest portion; apical margin deeply 43 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 27. Mecomma opaca. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 44

Fig. 28. Zanchius apicalis. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view. 45 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 29. Pseudoxopidea sp. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, lateral view; C. the same, ventral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 46

Fig. 30. Wygomiris sp. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. support bridge, support tube, and expanded ejaculatory duct, dorsal view. 47 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 31. Pilophorus formosanus. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. phallus, lateral view; E. the same, dorsal view; F. genital styles, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 48

Fig. 32. Pilophorus typicus. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view. 49 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

33. Hypselocus morobe (Schuh, 1984) 35. Campylomma livida Reuter, 1885 Fig. 33 Fig. 35

Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.37 times width Left median and left lateroapical portions of of widest portion; apical margin deeply abdominal segment IX with cone-shaped emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, processes. Apex of abdominal tergite IX equal to roundly produced caudad. Abdominal segment X width of widest portion; apical margin shallowly transverse. Abdominal segment XI not examined. emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, Genital plates not examined. Genital styles broad, roundly produced caudad. Abdominal asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI Connective with reduced transverse portion. retracted into segment X. Genital plates not Support bridge well developed, short, as wide as examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape long in lateral view. Capitate processes moderately and size, one on left larger. large. Support tube rather upraised. Support ring Connective complete, U-shaped. Support quadrate in dorsal view. Expanded ejaculatory bridge poorly developed. Capitate processes rather duct not separated into 2 parts, heavily pigmented, small. Support tube not upraised. Expanded not spiraled. Sheath undifferentiated. Neither ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 parts, lightly phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. pigmented, not spiraled. Sheath undifferentiated. Phallobase with sclerotized apical portion. Neither phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva Aedeagus lengthened, stiff, cylindrical, L-shaped, shortened. Phallobase with sclerotized apical dorsal aspect of apical 1/3 with a simple process. portion. Aedeagus lengthened, S-shaped, partly Gonopore defined, subterminal. membranous, not extending over apex of Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou phallobase. Gonopore difficult to recognize. Co., Lienhuachih. June 1982. K. C. Chou and C. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Pingtung C. Pan. Det. C. S. Lin. Co., Liuchiu I. 22~23 Mar. 1982. K. C. Chou and C. C. Pan. Det. by C. S. Lin. 34. Pilophorus myrmecoides (Carvalho, 1956) Fig. 34 36. Campylomma marjorae Schuh, 1984 Fig. 36 Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.38 times width of widest portion; apical margin deeply Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.40 times width emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, of widest portion; apical margin deeply broad, roundly produced caudad. Abdominal emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI roundly produced caudad. Abdominal segment X retracted into segment X. Genital plates not transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape segment XI. Genital plates not examined. Genital and size, one on left larger. styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left Connective with reduced transverse portion. larger. Support bridge well developed, short, as long as Connective with reduced transverse portion. wide in lateral view. Capitate processes Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes moderately large. Support tube rather upraised. rather small. Support tube rather upraised. Support Support ring quadrate in dorsal view. Expanded ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct not ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 parts, lightly separated into 2 parts, lightly pigmented, not pigmented, not spiraled. Sheath undifferentiated. spiraled. Sheath undifferentiated. Neither Neither phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. shortened. Aedeagus lengthened, stiff, cylindrical, Phallobase with sclerotized apical portion. L-shaped. Gonopore defined, subterminal. Aedeagus lengthened, S-shaped, partly Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Pingtung membranous, not extending over apex of Co., Junting. 25~28 May 1982. K .C. Chou and C. phallobase. Gonopore difficult to recognize. C. Pan. Det. by C. S. Lin. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Pingtung Co., Shantimen. 16~20 Jan. 1984. K. C. Chou and (10) Tribe Phylini C. C. Pan. Det. by C. S. Lin. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 50

Fig. 33. Hypselocus morobe. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view. 51 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 34. Pilophorus myrmecoides. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 52

Fig. 35. Campylomma livida. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. phallus, lateral view; E. genital styles, dorsal view. 53 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 36. Campylomma marjorae. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. apex of phallus, lateral view; G. support bridge, support tube, and expanded ejaculatory duct, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 54

37. Campylomma brunneicollis Usinger, 1946 Taichung Co., Waipu. 24 Aug. 2000. C. S. Lin and Fig. 37 W. T. Yang, sweep net. Det. by C. S. Lin.

Basal 1/4 of abdominal segment IX 39. Campylomma sandaracine Schuh, 1984 subparallel-sided. Apex of tergite IX 0.52 times Fig. 39 width of widest portion; apical margin deeply emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, Basal 1/3 of abdominal segment IX roundly produced caudad. Abdominal segment X subparallel-sided. Apex of abdominal tergite IX transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into 0.46 times width of widest portion; apical margin segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital deeply emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left apex, broad, roundly produced caudad. Abdominal larger. segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI Connective with reduced transverse portion. retracted into segment X. Genital plates not Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape rather small. Support tube rather upraised. and size, one on left larger. Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 Connective with reduced transverse portion. parts, converging to apex, lightly pigmented, not Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes spiraled. Sheath undifferentiated. Neither moderately large. Support tube rather upraised. phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Support ring ovate in dorsal view. Expanded Phallobase with sclerotized apical portion. ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 parts, lightly Aedeagus lengthened, S-shaped, not extending pigmented, not spiraled. Neither phallobase nor over apex of phallobase. Gonopore defined, with phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Aedeagus transverse ridges, ovate, subterminal. lengthened, S-shaped, at middle forming a circle, Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou apical 1/2 partly membranous, not extending over Co., Chichi. 14 Mar. 2002. C. S. Lin, sweep net. apex of phallobase. Gonopore defined, with NMNS ENT 3940-870. Det. by C. S. Lin. transverse ridges, elongate ovate, subterminal. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou 38. Campylomma raratongana Schuh, 1984 Co., Fong-Huan-Ku Bird Park. 2 Aug. 1997. W. T. Fig. 38 Yang. NMNS ENT 2756-134. Det. by C. S. Lin.

Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.36 times width 40. Moissonia punctata (Fieber, 1861) of widest portion; apical margin deeply Fig. 40 emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, roundly produced caudad. Abdominal segment X Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.51 times width transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into of widest portion; apical margin deeply segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left roundly produced caudad, then again stout, one on right slender. asymmetrically produced. Abdominal segment X Connective with reduced transverse portion. transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital comparatively large. Support tube rather upraised. styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct larger. not separated into 2 parts, angulated near middle, Connective with reduced transverse portion. lightly pigmented, not spiraled. Sheath Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes undifferentiated. Neither phallobase nor comparatively large. Support tube upraised. phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobase Support ring elongate ovate in dorsal view. with sclerotized apical portion. Aedeagus Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 lengthened, S-shaped, before middle with parts, lightly pigmented, not spiraled. Neither membranous line, below apical 1/3 with a phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. sclerotized rod, not extending over apex of Aedeagus lengthened, S-shaped, basal 2/3 an phallobase. Gonopore defined, with transverse armed plate-form structure, its apical 2/3 with ridges, ovate, subterminal. membranous area and sclerotized, serrated margin, Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: not extending over apex of phallobase. Gonopore 55 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9 defined, with transverse ridges, subterminal. lengthened, not extending over apex of phallobase, Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou S-shaped, near middle forming a circle in lateral Co., Tungpu. 1 Feb. 1989. K. W. Huang. NMNS view, apical 2/3 partly membranous, ventral ENT431-1885. Det. C. S. Lin. margin of apical 2/3 with a long rod-like appendage. Gonopore defined, with transverse 41. Opuna annulata (Knight, 1935) ridges, small, ovate. Fig. 41 (11) Tribe Leucophoroperini Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.48 times width of widest portion; apical margin deeply 43. Tytthus parviceps (Reuter, 1890) emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, Fig. 43 broad, roundly produced caudad. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.50 times width retracted into segment X. Genital plates not of widest portion; apical margin deeply examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape emarginated. Sternite with seemingly symmetrical and size, one on left larger. apex. Abdominal segment X transverse. Connective with reduced transverse portion. Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes Genital plates not examined. Genital styles moderately large. Support tube upraised. Support asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. ring elongate ovate in dorsal view. Expanded Connective with reduced transverse portion. ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 parts, Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes strongly converging to apex, lightly pigmented, small. Support tube not upraised. Support ring not spiraled. Neither phallobase nor phallobasal ovate. Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated conjunctiva shortened. Aedeagus lengthened, into 2 parts, converging to apex, lightly seemingly S-shaped, expanded near middle, then pigmented, not spiraled. Neither phallobase nor abruptly narrowed at apical 1/3. Gonopore phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Aedeagus defined, with transverse ridges, subterminal. lengthened, basoventral portion somewhat Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: membranous, S-shaped, not extending over apex Taichung. 6 May 1984. C. S. Lin. NMNS ENT 63- of phallobase. Gonopore difficult to recognize. 1001. Det. by C. S. Lin. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Taichung Co., Wanfeng Hill. 22~23 Mar. 1984. 42. Decomioides schneirlai Schuh, 1984 K. S. Lin and K. C. Chou. Det. by C. S. Lin. Fig. 42 44. Tytthus chinensis (Stal, 1859) Basal 2/3 of abdominal segment IX Fig. 44 subparallel-sided. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.41 times width of widest portion; apical margin Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.55 times width deeply emarginated. Sternite with seemingly of widest portion; apical margin deeply symmetrical apex, roundly produced caudad. emarginated. Sternite with seemingly symmetrical Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal apex. Abdominal segment X transverse. segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical Genital plates not examined. Genital styles in shape and size, one on left larger. asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. Connective with reduced transverse portion. Connective, support bridge, support tube, Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes phallobase, and phallobasal conjunctiva not comparatively large. Support tube upraised. examined. Expanded ejaculatory duct not Support ring rounded in dorsal view. Expanded separated into 2 parts, converging to apex, lightly ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part pigmented, not spiraled. Sheath undifferentiated. elongate quadrate, lightly pigmented, not spiraled; Aedeagus lengthened, stiff, S-shaped. Gonopore apical part rather broad, spiraled. Sheath difficult to recognize. undifferentiated. Neither phallobase nor Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Pingtung phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobase Co., Liuchiu I. 22~23 Mar. 1982. K. C. Chou and with sclerotized apical portion. Aedeagus C. C. Pan. Det. by C. S. Lin. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 56

Fig. 37. Campylomma brunneicollis. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view. 57 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 38. Campylomma raratongana. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. apex of phallobase, lateral view; H. genital styles, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 58

Fig. 39. Campylomma sandaracine. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, lateral view; C. the same, ventral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. apex of phallobase, lateral view. 59 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 40. Moissonia punctata. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. aedeagus, lateral view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 60

Fig. 41. Opuna annulata. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view. 61 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 42. Decomioides schneirlai. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. apex of phallobase, lateral view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 62

Fig. 43. Tytthus parviceps. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, dorsocaudal view; C. the same, ventral view; D. the same, lateral view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view. 63 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 44. Tytthus chinensis. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, dorsocaudal view; C. the same, ventral view; D. the same, lateral view; E. expanded ejaculatory duct and aedeagus, lateral view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 64

45. Lasiolabops cosmopolites Schuh, 1984 47. Sejanus funereus Distant, 1910 Fig. 45 Fig. 47

Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.53 times width Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.52 times width of widest portion; apical margin deeply of widest portion; apical margin deeply emarginated obliquely. Sternite with symmetrical emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, apex, broadly produced caudad. Abdominal right laterocaudal portion notched. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI not retracted into segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital plates not examined. Genital examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left and size, one on left larger. larger. Connective with reduced transverse portion. Connective with reduced transverse portion. Support bridge well developed, both submedian Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes portions of apical margin deeply emarginated, small. Support tube not upraised. Support ring forming median subquadrate projection. Capitate ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated processes moderately large. Support tube upraised. into 2 parts, slender, lightly pigmented, not Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct spiraled. Neither phallobase nor phallobasal not separated into 2 parts, slender, lightly conjunctiva shortened. Phallobase with sclerotized pigmented, not spiraled. Sheath undifferentiated. apical portion. Aedeagus lengthened, not Neither phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva extending over apex of phallobase, stiff, C-shaped. shortened. Aedeagus lengthened, not extending Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, elongate over apex of phallobase, C-shaped. Gonopore ovate, terminal. defined, with transverse ridges, elongate ovate, Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou subterminal. Co., Wushe. 29 Oct. 2002. C. S. Lin, sweep net. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou NMNS ENT 3941-419. Det. by C. S. Lin. Co., Jenai Township, Chunyang. 21 Jan. 1998. C. S. Lin, mercury light. NMNS ENT 2756-139. Det. 48. Sejanus neofunereus Schuh, 1984 by C. S. Lin. Fig. 48

46. Sejanus crassicornis (Poppius, 1915) Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.60 times width Fig. 46 of widest portion; apical margin deeply emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, left Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.59 times width laterocaudal portion somewhat notched. of widest portion; apical margin deeply Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal emarginated. Sternite with seemingly symmetrical segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital apex, median portion [again?] cone-shaped plates arched, uniformly wide. Genital styles produced caudad. Abdominal segment X asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into Connective with reduced transverse portion. segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left moderately large. Support tube not upraised. larger. Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 Connective complete, U-shaped. Support parts, slender, lightly pigmented, not spiraled. bridge well developed, transversely expanded in Neither phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva dorsal view. Capitate processes small. Support shortened. Aedeagus lengthened, not extending tube not upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct not over apex of phallobase, C-shaped, stiff. Gonopore separated into 2 parts, slender, lightly pigmented, defined, with transverse ridges, ovate, terminal. not spiraled. Neither phallobase nor phallobasal Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou conjunctiva shortened. Aedeagus lengthened, C- Co., Shihtyutou. 5 Sept. 1989. C. C. Chiang, shaped, stiff, not extending over apex of sweep net. 1640-2246. Det. by C. S. Lin. phallobase. Gonopore defined, small, terminal. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou Co., Shihtyutou. 5 Sept. 1989. C. C. Chiang. 1640- 2827. Det. by C. S. Lin. 65 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 45. Lasiolabops cosmopolites. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. support bridge, support tube, and expanded ejaculatory duct, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 66

Fig. 46. Sejanus crassicornis. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, dorsal view; F. the same, lateral view. 67 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 47. Sejanus funereus. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. support bridge, support tube, and expanded ejaculatory duct, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 68

Fig. 48. Sejanus neofunereus. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. abdominal sternite IX and phallus, dorsal view; F. phallus, lateral view. 69 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

(12) Tribe Hallodapini transverse ridges, elongate ovate. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Penghu 49. Hallodapus bruneus (Poppius, 1915) Co., Baisha. 23 Apr. 1989. K. W. Huang, sweep Fig. 49 net. 440-356. Det. by C. S. Lin.

Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.39 times width 51. Azizus brasilicus Distant, 1910 of widest portion; apical margin shallowly Fig. 51 emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, left laterocaudal margin somewhat straight. Left ventrocaudal portion of abdominal Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment IX with a small process. Apex of segment XI not examined. Genital plates not abdominal tergite IX deeply emarginated. Sternite examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape with seemingly symmetrical apex. Abdominal and size, one on left larger. segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI not Connective with reduced transverse portion. examined. Genital plates not examined. Genital Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left moderately large. Support tube not upraised. larger. Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct Connective with reduced transverse portion. separated into 2 parts; basal part elongate Support bridge well developed, both submedian quadrate, lightly pigmented, not spiraled; apical portions of apical margin shallowly emarginated, part converging to apex, spiraled. Neither forming median short quadrate projection. phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Capitate processes moderately large. Support tube Aedeagus lengthened, extending over apex of not upraised. Support ring elongate ovate in dorsal phallobase, S-shaped, apical 4/5 partly view. Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated into membranous. Gonopore defined, with transverse 2 parts, slender, lightly pigmented, not spiraled. ridges, elongate ovate. Neither phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: shortened. Phallobase with sclerotized apical Taichung Co., Chingshui. 13~14 Nov. 2002. C. S. portion. Aedeagus lengthened, extending over Lin and W. T. Yang. Det. by C. S. Lin. apex of phallobase, S-shaped, stiff. Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, elongate ovate. 50. Hallodapus persimilis Poppius, 1915 Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Taitung Fig. 50 Co., Lanyu (Orchid I.). 7~12 Aug. 2000. C. S. Lin and W. T. Yang, sweep net. NMNS ENT3443-926. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.46 times width Det. by C. S. Lin. of widest portion; apical margin deeply emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, Remarks on Description of the Phylinae broadly produced caudad, rounded. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI Abdominal segment IX with completely fused retracted into segment X. Genital plates not tergite and sternite; not dorsoventral elongate examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape quadrate in lateral view; its posterior opening not and size, one on left larger. directed ventrocaudad; its anterior margin with Connective with reduced transverse portion. undifferentiated extension; its surface either with Both submedian portions of support bridge well or without a process. Abdominal segment X developed, apical margin deeply emarginated, transverse; directed caudad; situated after forming median subquadrate projection. Capitate abdominal tergite IX. Genital styles asymmetrical processes moderately large. Support tube not in shape and side, one on left larger. upraised. Support ring ring-like. Expanded Connective either complete or with reduced ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part transverse portion. Support bridge either poorly or slender, heavily pigmented, not spiraled; apical well developed, not winged. Capitate processes part spiraled. Neither phallobase nor phallobasal differentiated. Expanded ejaculatory duct either conjunctiva shortened. Phallobase with sclerotized separated into 2 parts; basal part variable in form, apical portion. Aedeagus lengthened, extending not spiraled; apical part spiraled; or not separated over apex of phallobase, S-shaped, apical 3/4 into 2 parts, not spiraled. Sheath undifferentiated. partly membranous. Gonopore defined, with Neither phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 70

shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival processes lightly pigmented, not spiraled; apical part exposed in genital chamber undifferentiated. spiraled. Neither phallobase nor phallobasal Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva undifferentiated. conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctiva Aedeagus lengthened. Gonopore either difficult to with processes within cavity. Aedeagus shortened. recognize, or defined, with transverse ridges. Gonopore difficult to recognize. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou VI. Subfamily Bryocorinae Co., Sungkang. Dec. 1985. K. S. Lin. Det. by C. S. Lin. (13) Tribe Dicyphini 54. Macrolophus glaucescens Fieber, 1858 52. Macrolophus sp. Fig. 54 Fig. 52 Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.68 times width Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.64 times width of widest portion; apical margin shallowly of widest portion; apical margin deeply emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, left median portion trapezoidal, produced caudad. 1/3 notched. Abdominal segment X elongate. Abdominal X segment elongate. Abdominal Abdominal segment XI not retracted into segment segment XI not retracted into segment X. Genital X. Genital plates not examined. Genital styles plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. in shape and size, one on left larger. Connective complete, U-shaped. Support Connective complete, U-shaped. Support bridge well developed, rather small in lateral view. bridge poorly developed, triangular in lateral view. Capitate processes small. Support tube not Capitate processes moderately large. Support tube upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct separated into more or less upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct 2 parts; basal part converging to apex, lightly separated into 2 parts; basal part triangular, not pigmented, not spiraled; apical part spiraled. spiraled; apical part slender, spiraled. Neither Neither phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. shortened. Aedeagus moderately long, partly Phallobasal conjunctiva without process within membranous. Gonopore difficult to recognize. cavity. Aedeagus seemingly [existing/present?], at Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou least ventral margin, compare to the following Co., Tungpu. 2~25 Nov. 1982. K. C. Chou and S. species, judged to be wholly reduced. Gonopore P. Huang. Det. by C. S. Lin. wholly reduced. Specimen examined: 1 male. China: Sichuan 53. Nesidiocoris plebejus (Poppoius, 1915) Prov., Baoxing. 8 June 1963. L. Y. Zheng. Fig. 53 55. Helopeltis cinchonae Mann, 1907 Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.76 times width Fig. 55 of widest portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. Sternite with seemingly symmetrical Abdominal segment IX with differentiated apex, median portion acutely produced caudad. extension. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.44 Abdominal segment X very broad in dorsal view, times width of widest portion; apical margin elongate in lateral view. Abdominal segment XI extremely emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical not retracted into segment X. Genital plates not apex, roundly produced caudad, with distinctly examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape emarginated base. Abdominal segment X and size, one on left larger. elongate. Abdominal segment XI not retracted into Connective complete, U-shaped, segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital characteristically situated at base of phallobase styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left and directed anterodorsad within segment IX. larger. Support bridge poorly developed, rather small in Connective complete, U-shaped. Support lateral view. Capitate processes moderately large. bridge poorly developed, triangular in lateral view. Support tube not upraised. Support ring Capitate processes moderately large. Support tube unrecognizable. Expanded ejaculatory duct not upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct separated separated into 2 parts; basal part elongate oval, into 2 parts; basal part quadrate, caudal 1/2 heavily 71 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9 pigmented, not spiraled; apical part slender, plates semicircular, different from arched form of spiraled. Neither phallobase nor phallobasal most Miridae. Genital styles asymmetrical in conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctiva shape and size, one on left larger. without appendage within cavity. Aedeagus and Connective complete, U-shaped. Support gonopore wholly reduced. bridge poorly developed, small, triangular in Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou lateral view. Capitate processes moderately large. Co., Wushe. 22 Aug. 2000. C. S. Lin. Det. By C.S. Support tube more or less upraised. Expanded Lin. ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part slender, heavily pigmented, not spiraled; apical 56. Helopeltis fasciaticollis Poppius, 1915 part slender, obscurely spiraled, its end connected Fig. 56 to bottom of phallobasal conjunctiva. Phallobasal conjunctiva without appendage. Neither Abdominal segment IX with differentiated phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. extension. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.43 Aedeagus and gonopore wholly reduced. times width of widest portion; apical margin Specimens examined: 2 males. Taiwan: deeply emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical Nantou Co., Wushe. 29 Oct. 2002. C. S. Lin. Det. apex, median portion roundly produced caudad; by C. S. Lin. basal margin M-shaped emarginated. Abdominal segment X elongate. Abdominal segment XI 58. Mansoniella sp. retracted into segment X. Genital plates not Fig. 58 examined. Genital styles asymmetrical, one on left larger. Abdominal segment IX with differentiated Connective complete, V-shaped. Support extension. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.73 bridge poorly developed, small, triangular in times width of widest portion; apical margin lateral view. Capitate processes moderate large. obliquely deeply emarginated. Sternite with Support tube not triangular in lateral view, seemingly symmetrical apex. Abdominal segment probably indicating modification of support ring. X transverse, directed to left and laterocaudad. Expanded ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; Abdominal segment XI not examined. Genital basal part triangular, heavily pigmented, not plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical spiraled; apical part slender, spiraled. End of in shape and size, one on left larger. expanded ejaculatory duct characteristically Connective complete, U-shaped. Support connected to phallobasal conjunctiva at 1 side, not bridge poorly developed, triangular in lateral view. at its bottom per normal conditions. Neither Capitate processes moderately large. Support tube phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. somewhat upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct Phallobasal conjunctiva with a large process separated into 2 parts; basal part elongate, caudal within basoventral portion and many cuticular margin heavily pigmented, not spiraled; apical part spots on basal surface. Aedeagus and gonopore slender, spiraled. Neither phallobase nor wholly reduced. phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Pingtung conjunctiva with 3 short processes at basoventral Co., Kenting. 26 Apr. 1992. C. Y. Lee, Det. by C. portion within cavity. Aedeagus and gonopore S. Lin. wholly reduced. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: 57. Mansoniella formosana Lin, 2001 Taoyuan, Shuyuan. 28 May 1982. B. S. Chang. Fig. 57

Abdominal segment IX with differentiated extension. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.60 times width of widest portion; apical margin obliquely shallowly emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, right angle of left laterocaudal portion notched. Abdominal segment X transverse, directed to left and laterocaudad. Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 72

Fig. 49. Hallodapus bruneus. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. support bridge, support tube, and expanded ejaculatory duct, dorsal view. 73 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 50. Hallodapus persimilis. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. support bridge, support tube, and expanded ejaculatory duct, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 74

Fig. 51. Azizus brasilicus. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsocaudal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. phallus, lateral view; E. support bridge, support tube, and expanded ejaculatory duct, dorsal view. 75 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 52. Macrolophus sp. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. expanded ejaculatory duct and aedeagus, lateral view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 76

Fig. 53. Nesidiocoris plebejus. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view; H. connective, support bridge, and support tube, dorsal view. 77 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 54. Macrolophus glaucescens. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. expanded ejaculatory duct and aedeagus, lateral view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 78

Fig. 55. Helopeltis cinchonae. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. phallobasal conjunctiva in complete eversion, lateral view; H. apex of expanded ejaculatory duct and base of phallobasal conjunctiva, lateral view; I. genital styles, lateral view. 79 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 56. Helopeltis fasciaticollis. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. expanded ejaculatory duct and phallobasal conjunctiva in complete eversion, lateral view; F. phallus, lateral view; G. the same, dorsal view; H. genital styles, ventral view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 80

Fig. 57. Mansoniella formosana. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. expanded ejaculatory duct and phallobasal conjunctiva in complete eversion, lateral view. 81 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 58. Mansoniella sp. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, dorsal view; F. the same, lateral view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 82

59. Felisacus longiceps Poppius, 1915 processes exposed in genital chamber with rod- like dorsal one. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva Fig. 59 differentiated, closely contacting aedeagus, not bulbous. Aedeagus lengthened, longitudinal Abdominal segment IX with differentiated membranous, apex arched. Gonopore difficult to extension. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.73 recognize. times width of widest portion; apical margin Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Pingtung deeply emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical Co., Renting. 24~28 June 1981. T. Lin and C. C. apex, truncate. Abdominal segment X elongate. Pan. Det. by C. S. Lin. Abdominal segment XI not retracted into segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital styles 61. Felisacus gressitti Miyamoto, 1965 asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left Fig. 61 slightly larger. Connective complete, U-shaped. Support Abdominal segment IX with rather-broad bridge poorly developed, triangular in lateral view. extension. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.74 Capitate processes small. Support tube not times width of widest portion; apical margin upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct separated into shallowly emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical 2 parts; basal part lightly pigmented, not spiraled; apex, roundly produced caudad. Abdominal basal 2/3 of apical part obscurely spiraled, apical segment X transverse, situated below abdominal 1/3 distinctly spiraled. Ejaculatory duct within tergite IX. Abdominal segment XI not examined. aedeagus visible, as the only exception among the Genital plates uniformly wide, arched. Genital examined Miridae. Both phallobase and styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal somewhat larger. conjunctiva in complete eversion, dorsoapical Connective complete, U-shaped. Support portion of triangle produced dorsocaudad. bridge poorly developed, triangular, small in Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in lateral view. Capitate processes moderately large. genital chamber differentiated. Aedeagus Support tube not upraised. Expanded ejaculatory lengthened, longitudinal membranous, apex duct separated into 2 parts; basal part rod-like, arched. Gonopore difficult to recognize. with heavily pigmented caudal margin, not Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Taitung spiraled; apical part slender, spiraled. Both Co., Lanyu (Orchid I.). 4~9 May 1982. S. C. Lin phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. and C. C. Pan. Det. by C. S. Lin. Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in genital chamber, dorsal one very long, narrow. 60. Felisacus okinwanus Miyamoto, 1965 Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, 3-lobed, Fig. 60 with 3 processes within cavity, surface armed with small, sclerotized, quadrate plates. Aedeagus Abdominal segment IX with differentiated shortened. Gonopore difficult to recognize. extension. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.65 Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou, times width of widest portion; apical margin Wushe. 17 Aug. 1984. K. C. Chou. Det. by C. S. shallowly emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical Lin. apex, near middle acutely produced caudad. Abdominal segment X elongate. Abdominal segment XI not retracted into segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on right larger. Connective complete, U-shaped. Support bridge poorly developed, slender in lateral view. Capitate processes moderately large. Support tube not upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part oval with heavily pigmented caudal margin, not spiraled; apical part slender, spiraled. Both phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival 83 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 59. Felisacus longiceps. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, left lateral view; D. the same, right lateral view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. the same, dorsal view; H. expanded ejaculatory duct in a reposed condition; I. the same, in an everted condition. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 84

Fig. 60. Felisacus okinawanus. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, left lateral view; D. the same, right lateral view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view; H. expanded ejaculatory duct in complete eversion, lateral view. 85 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 61. Felisacus gressitti. A. Abdominal segment IX and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, left lateral view; D. the same, right lateral view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 86

62. Felisacus insularis Miyamoto, 1965 larger, about 1/2 height of apex of phallobase. Fig. 62 Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, without appendages within cavity. Aedeagus shortened, Abdominal segment IX with rather-broad membranous. Gonopore difficult to recognize. extension, rotated clockwise 90ϒ. Apex of Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: abdominal tergite IX 0.85 times width of widest Taichung, Chiapaotai. 14~18 Oct. 1980. K. S. Lin portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. and C. H. Wang. Det. by C.S. Lin. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, left narrow line notched. Abdominal segment X transverse, 64. Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895) situated below abdominal tergite IX. Abdominal Fig. 64 segment XI not examined. Genital plates arched, uniform width. Genital styles asymmetrical in Abdominal segment IX rotated shape and size, one on left larger. counterclockwise 90ϒ, extension differentiated. Connective complete, U-shaped. Support Medially apex of abdominal tergite IX acutely bridge poorly developed, large and triangular in produced caudad. Sternite at apex asymmetrical, lateral view. Capitate processes moderately large. forming 2 processes. Abdominal segment X Support tube slightly upraised. Expanded transverse, situated below abdominal tergite IX. ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. elongate quadrate, margins heavily pigmented, not Genital plates not examined. Genital styles spiraled; apical part slender, obscurely spiraled. asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. Both phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva Connective complete, U-shaped. Support shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival processes bridge poorly developed, rather large, triangular in exposed in genital chamber, dorsal one broad, lateral view. Capitate processes moderately large. slightly narrower than apex of phallobase. Support tube not upraised. Expanded ejaculatory Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, with 6 duct separated into 2 parts; basal part small, not or 7 processes within cavity. Aedeagus extremely spiraled; apical part very long, spiraled, its apical shortened, ring-like. Gonopore defined. part deeply invaginated into exposed phallobasal Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou conjunctiva cavity. Both phallobase and Co., Tungpu. 22~25 Nov. 1982. K. C. Chou and S. phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobase P. Huang. Det. by C. S. Lin. with sclerotized and pigmented apex. Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in genital chamber 63. Dicyphus orientalis Reuter, 1879 narrow, dorsal one slightly larger than ventral one. Fig. 63 Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, with plicae at base and cuticular spots at apex. Abdominal segment IX with differentiated Aedeagus and gonopore wholly reduced. extension. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.34 Specimen examined: 1 male. China: Fujian times width of widest portion; apical margin Prov., Zhangzhou. 14 June 1955. Liang Chen deeply emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical Wang. apex, broad, roundly produced caudad. Abdominal segment X transverse, directed to left 65. Cyrtopeltis sp. and laterocaudad. Abdominal segment XI Fig. 65 retracted into segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape Abdominal segment IX with differentiated and size, one on left larger. extension. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.78 Connective complete, U-shaped. Support times width of the widest portion; apical margin bridge poorly developed, large, triangular in shallowly emarginated. Sternite with lateral view. Capitate processes small. Support asymmetrical apex, right submedian portion rod- tube not upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct like and produced caudad. Abdominal segment X separated into 2 parts; basal part rod-like, lightly transverse, situated below abdominal tergite IX. pigmented, not spiraled; apical part rather broad, Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. spiraled. Both phallobase and phallobasal Genital plates not examined. Genital styles conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. processes exposed in genital chamber, dorsal one Connective complete, U-shaped. Support 87 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9 bridge poorly developed, triangular in lateral view. plates arched, uniformly wide. Genital styles Capitate processes moderately large. Support tube asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. somewhat [?]upper. Expanded ejaculatory duct Connective complete, U-shaped. Support separated into 2 parts; basal part stout, not bridge poorly developed, dorsolateral portions spiraled; apical part slender, spiraled, its end winged, directed cephalad. Capitate processes connected to exposed phallobasal conjunctiva at small. Support tube not upraised. Expanded side, not bottom. Both phallobase and phallobasal ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival converging to apex, not spiraled; apical part broad, processes exposed in genital chamber, dorsal one spiraled. Both phallobase and phallobasal sclerotized and pigmented, rod-like. Exposed conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, very long, with 3 processes exposed in genital chamber areas of densely armed cuticular spots. Aedeagus differentiated, dorsal one broad at base. Exposed and gonopore wholly reduced. phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, apex expanded. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Hsinchu, Aedeagus moderately long. Gonopore defined, Chingtsaofu. 13 Mar. 1989. K. W. Huang. Det. by with transverse ridges. C. S. Lin. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Taipei Co., Tachichiao. 20 Aug. 1987. I. C. Hsu. Det. by (14) Tribe Eccritotarsini C. S. Lin.

66. Ernestinus pallidiscutum (Poppius, 1915) (15) Tribe Bryocorini Fig. 66 68. Bryocoris flaviceps Zheng et Liu, 1992 Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.79 times width Fig. 68 of widest portion; apical margin deeply emarginated. Sternite with seemingly symmetrical Abdominal segment IX with acutely produced apex, truncated, right submarginal portion cone- apical margin caudad in dorsal view; dorsoventral shaped and produced caudad. Abdominal segment elongate quadrate in lateral view; posterior X transverse. Abdominal segment XI not retracted opening directed ventrocaudad. Abdominal into segment X. Genital plates not examined. segment X transverse, situated below abdominal Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one tergite IX. Abdominal segment XI not examined. on right larger. Genital plates not examined. Genital styles Connective complete, V-shaped. Support asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. bridge poorly developed, strip-shaped above arm Connective complete, U-shaped. Support of connective in lateral view. Capitate processes bridge poorly developed, dorsolateral portions small. Support tube not upraised. Expanded winged, directed cephalad. Capitate processes ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part wholly reduced. Support tube somewhat upraised. elongate ovate, not spiraled; apical part slender, Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 spiraled. Neither phallobase nor phallobasal parts, gradually diverging to apex, lightly conjunctiva shortened. Aedeagus moderately long, pigmented, not spiraled. Neither phallobase nor stiff. Gonopore difficult to recognize. phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Aedeagus Specimens examined: 2 males. Taiwan: lengthened, extending to apex of phallobase, Nantou, Tungpu. Nov. 1985. K. S. Lin. Det. by C. pigmented, stiff. Gonopore difficult to recognize. S. Lin. Specimen examined: 1 male. China: Sichuan Prov., Emei. 19 June 1957. Le-yi Zheng and 67. Prodromus clypeatus Distant, 1904 Hanhua Cheng. Fig. 67

Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.41 times width of widest portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, right 1/2 broad and roundly produced caudad. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI not retracted into segment X. Genital Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 88

Fig. 62. Felisacus insularis. A. Abdominal segments VIII~IX and genital styles, dorsal view; B. abdominal segments IX and X, morphological dorsal view; C. the same, morphological ventral view; D. the same, morphological lateral view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view. 89 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 63. Dicyphus orientalis. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. phallus, lateral view; E. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; F. phallus, dorsal view; G. genital styles, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 90

Fig. 64. Nesidiocoris tenuis. A. Abdominal segment IX, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, ventral view; E. abdominal segments X and XI, caudal view; F. connective, support bridge, and support tube, dorsal view; G. the same, lateral view; H. expanded ejaculatory duct in complete eversion, lateral view; I. phallobasal conjunctiva in complete eversion, lateral view; J. aedeagus, dorsal view. 91 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 65. Cyrtopeltis sp. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus in eversion, lateral view; F. phallobasal conjunctiva, lateral view; G. phallus in eversion, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 92

Fig. 66. Ernestinus pallidiscutum. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, dorsal view; F. the same, lateral view. 93 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 67. Prodromus clypeatus. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. phallus and genital styles, dorsal view; G. phallus, dorsal view; H. aedeagus, lateral view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 94

Fig. 68. Bryocoris flaviceps. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, lateral view; C. the same, caudal view; D. phallus, lateral view; E. the same, dorsal view. 95 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

69. Hekista novitius (Distant, 1904) Fig. 71 Fig. 69 Abdominal segment IX with broad apical Abdominal segment IX with produced apical margin roundly produced caudad in dorsal view; margin caudad in dorsal view; dorsoventral dorsoventral elongate quadrate in lateral view; elongate quadrate in lateral view; posterior posterior opening directed ventrocaudad. opening directed ventrocaudad. Abdominal Abdominal segment X transverse, situated below segment X transverse, situated below abdominal abdominal tergite IX. Abdominal segment XI tergite IX. Abdominal segment XI retracted into retracted into segment X. Genital plate arched, segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital uniformly wide. Genital styles asymmetrical in styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left shape and size, one on left slightly larger. larger. Connective complete, U-shaped. Support Connected complete, U-shaped. Support bridge poorly developed, dorsolateral portions bridge poorly developed, dorsolateral portions winged, directed cephalad. Capitate processes winged, directed cephalad. Capitate processes wholly reduced. Support tube somewhat [?]upper. wholly reduced. Support tube not upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct and aedeagus not Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 examined. parts, stout, L-shaped, not spiraled. Neither Specimens examined: 3 males. Taiwan: phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Nantou Co., Tungpu. 20~24 Apr. 1982. T. Lin and Aedeagus lengthened, extending to apex of K. C. Chou. Det. by C. S. Lin. phallobase, rather broad, dorsal portion heavily pigmented. Gonopore difficult to recognize. Remarks on Description of the Bryocorinae Specimens examined: 3 males. Taiwan: Hualien Co., Tayuling. 6~9 Sept. 1983. L. T. Chou Abdominal segment IX with completely fused and K. C. Chou. Det. by C. S. Lin. tergite and sternite; dorsoventral either not elongate quadrate in lateral view or elongate 70. Monalocoris pallipes Carvalho, 1981 quadrate; its posterior opening either not directed Fig. 70 ventrocaudad or directed ventrocaudad; extension of anterior margin either undifferentiated or Abdominal segment IX with obliquely differentiated; its surface either with or without a truncated apical margin in dorsal view; left rather process. Abdominal segment X transverse or shallowly emarginated; dorsoventral elongate elongate; either directed caudad or to left and quadrate in lateral view; posterior opening laterocaudad; situated either after abdominal directed ventrocaudad. Abdominal segment X tergite IX or below abdominal tergite IX. Genital transverse, situated below abdominal tergite IX. styles asymmetrical in shape and size, either left Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. one or right one larger. Genital plates not examined. Genital styles Connective either complete or with transverse asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. portion reduced. Support bridge poorly developed, Connective complete, U-shaped. Support if winged, directed cephalad. Capitate processes bridge poorly developed, dorsolateral portions either differentiated or reduced. Expanded winged, directed cephalad. Capitate processes ejaculatory duct either separated into 2 parts; basal wholly reduced. Expanded ejaculatory duct not part variable in form, not spiraled; apical part separated, rod-like, heavily pigmented, not spiraled; or not separated into 2 parts, not spiraled. spiraled. Neither phallobase nor phallobasal Sheath undifferentiated. Phallobase and conjunctiva shortened. Aedeagus lengthened, phallobasal conjunctiva either not shortened or membranous, extending nearly to apex of shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival processes phallobase, dorsal margin sinuate. Gonopore exposed in genital chamber either undifferentiated difficult to recognize. or differentiated Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva Specimens examined: 3 males. Taiwan: either undifferentiated or differentiated. Aedeagus Hualien Co., Tayuling. 6~9 Sept. 1983. L. Y. Chou either moderately long, lengthened, shortened, or and K. C. Chou. Det. by C. S. Lin. wholly reduced. Gonopore either difficult to recognize, defined, with transverse ridges, or 71. Monalocoris nigrus Carvalho, 1981 wholly reduced. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 96

Fig. 69. Hekista novitius. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, lateral view; C. the same, caudal view; D. abdominal segments X and XI, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view. 97 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 70. Monalocoris pallipes. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, lateral view; C. the same, caudal view; D. phallus, lateral view; E. the same, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 98

Fig. 71. Monalocoris nigrus. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, lateral view; C. the same, caudal view; D. phallus, lateral view; E. the same, dorsal view; F. phallus and genital styles, dorsal view. 99 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

VII. Subfamily Deraeocorinae small. Gonopore undefined, with sclerotized ridges. (16) Tribe Deraeocorini Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou Co., Sungkang. Oct. 1984. K. S. Lin and K. C. 72. Dortus primarius Distant, 1910 Chou, malaise trap. Det. by C. S. Lin. Fig. 72 74. Stethoconus praefectus (Distant, 1909) Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.41 times width Fig. 74 of widest portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, Apex of abdominal tergite 0.47 times width of right 1/2 roundly produced caudad. Abdominal widest portion; apical margin deeply emarginated. segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI not Sternite with slightly asymmetrical apex. retracted into segment X. Genital plates not Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital and size, one on left larger. plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical Connective complete, U-shaped. Support in shape and size, one on left larger. bridge well developed. Capitate processes Connective complete, V-shaped. Support moderately large. Support tube somewhat bridge poorly developed, very narrow in lateral upraised. Support ring ring-like. Expanded view. Capitate processes rather large. Support tube ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part somewhat upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct not lightly pigmented, not spiraled; apical part slender, separated into 2 parts, L-shaped, anterior margin spiraled. Both phallobase and phallobasal heavily pigmented, not spiraled. Both phallobase conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal processes exposed in genital chamber, dorsal one conjunctival processes exposed in genital rod-like, long. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva chamber, dorsal one large, width at base more than bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, apical 1/2 widened. 1/2 width of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal Gonopore undefined, with sclerotized ridges. conjunctiva bulbous, apex 3-branched. Aedeagus Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou shortened, subparallel-sided. Gonopore difficult to Co., Lienhuachih. Watershed No. 3. 11~19 June recognize. 2001. C. S. Lin and W. T. Yang, malaise trap. Det. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: by C. S. Lin. Taichung Co., Wanfeng. Sept. 1984. K. S. Lin and C. K. Chou, malaise trap. Det. by C. S. Lin. 73. Fingulus collaris Miyamoto, 1965 Fig. 73 75. Araspus sp. Fig. 75 Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.42 times width of widest portion; apical margin shallowly Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.45 times width emarginated. Sternite with seemingly of widest portion; apical margin deeply asymmetrical apex. Abdominal segment X emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex. transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into Abdominal segment X transverse, directed to right segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital and laterocaudad. Abdominal segment XI styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left retracted into segment X, rather to the left. Genital larger. plates arched, uniformly wide. Genital styles Connective complete, U-shaped. Support asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. bridge well developed. Capitate processes rather Connective with reduced transverse portion. large. Support tube somewhat [?]upper. Expanded Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part moderately large. Support tube somewhat rod-like, not spiraled; apical part slender, spiraled. upraised. Support ring subquadrate. Expanded Both phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival processes converging to apex, lightly pigmented, not exposed in genital chamber, dorsal one nearly spiraled; apical part slender, spiraled. Both tube-shaped. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. bulbous, apex 3-branched. Aedeagus shortened, Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 100 genital chamber, base of dorsal one about 1/2 moderately large. Support tube not upraised. width of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal Support ring ovate in dorsal view. Expanded conjunctiva bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, slightly ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part widened near apex. Gonopore difficult to rounded, not spiraled; apical part slender, recognize. obscurely spiraled. Both phallobase and Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal Co., Lienhuachih. 12 Sept. 2002. C. S. Lin conjunctival processes exposed in genital NMNS ENT 3940-960. Det. by C. S. Lin. chamber, dorsal one less than 1/2 width of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva 76. Deraeocoris sp. bulbous, branched at apex. Aedeagus shortened. Fig. 76 Gonopore undefined, with sclerotized ridges. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.42 times width Co., 31 Jan. 1989. K. W. Huang. Det. by C. S. Lin. of widest portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex. 78. Dortus chinai Miyamoto, 1965 Right 1/2 roundly produced caudad. Abdominal Fig. 78 segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital plates not Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.50 times width examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape of widest portion; apical margin shallowly and size, one on left larger. emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, Connective with reduced transverse portion. broad, roundly produced caudad. Abdominal Support bridge well developed, triangular in segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI lateral view. Capitate processes large. Support tube retracted into segment X. Genital plates not not upraised. Support ring elongate ovate. examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape Expanded ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; and size, one on left larger. basal part converging to apex, anterior margin Connective with reduced transverse portion. heavily pigmented, not spiraled; apical part Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes slender, spiraled. Sheath differentiated. Both rather small. Support tube not upraised. Support phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in separated into 2 parts; basal part rod-like, not genital chamber, base of dorsal one about 1/2 spiraled; apical part slender, spiraled. Both width of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. conjunctiva bulbous, with pigmented portion at Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in apex. Aedeagus shortened. Gonopore difficult to genital chamber, base of dorsal one less than 1/2 recognize. width of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou conjunctiva slender, with 2 long, pigmented Co., Huisun. 20 Feb. 1990. C. S. Tseng. Det. by processes within cavity. Aedeagus shortened, apex C. S. Lin. slightly widened. Gonopore undefined, with sclerotized ridges. 77. Deraeocoris apicatus Kerzhner and Schuh, Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: 1995 Taichung Co., Kukuan. 10 July 1984. C. S. Lin. Fig. 77 Det. by C. S. Lin.

Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.52 times width of widest portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, right 2/3 roundly produced caudad. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. Both ends of genital plates expanded. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. Connective with reduced transverse portion. Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes 101 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 72. Dortus primarius. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 102

Fig. 73. Fingulus collaris. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. aedeagus, dorsal view. 103 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 74. Stethoconus praefectus. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, lateral view; C. the same, caudal view; D. the same, ventral view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. aedeagus, lateral view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 104

Fig. 75. Araspus sp. A. Abdominal segments IX and XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view; H. genital plates, dorsal view. 105 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 76. Deraeocoris sp. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view; H. aedeagus, lateral view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 106

Fig. 77. Deraeocoris apicatus. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. genital plates, dorsal view; F. phallus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. the same, dorsal view; H. aedeagus, lateral view. 107 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 78. Dortus chinai. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 108

(17) Tribe Termatophylini undifferentiated or differentiated. Both phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal 79. Termatophylum orientale Poppius, 1915 conjunctival processes exposed in genital chamber Fig. 79 differentiated. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva differentiated. Aedeagus shortened. Gonopore Abdominal segment IX rotated clockwise either difficult to recognize or undefined, with 180ϒ; extension differentiated. Apex of abdominal sclerotized ridges. tergite IX 0.59 times width of widest portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. Sternite with VIII. Subfamily Mirinae asymmetrical apex, left 4/5 roundly produced caudad. Abdominal segment X transverse, (18) Tribe Mirini morphologically directed to right and laterocaudad. Abdominal segment XI not 80. Allorhinocoris chinensis Lu et Zheng, 1994 examined. Genital plates not examined. Genital Fig. 80 styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.54 times width larger. of widest portion; apical margin shallowly Connective complete, U-shaped. Support emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, left bridge poorly developed, rather large in lateral laterocaudal margin concave. Abdominal segment view but not extending over bottom of connective. X transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted Capitate processes moderately large. Support tube into segment X. Genital plates not examined. not [?]upper. Expanded ejaculatory duct separated Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one into 2 parts; basal part elongate quadrate, lightly on left larger, characteristic as figured. pigmented, not spiraled; apical part slender, Connective with reduced transverse portion. spiraled. Both phallobase and phallobasal Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes conjunctiva judged to be shortened because comparatively large. Support tube not upraised. phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct genital chamber differentiated, base of dorsal one separated into 2 parts; basal part stout, widened about 1/2 width of phallobase. Exposed near middle, lightly pigmented, not spiraled; phallobasal conjunctiva judged to be apical part rather broad, obscurely spiraled. Sheath differentiated. Aedeagus shortened, membranous. triangular. Both phallobase and phallobasal Gonopore difficult to recognize. conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou processes exposed in genital chamber, dorsal one Co., Tungpu. Oct. 1985. K. S. Lin, Malaise trap. rather small, its base about 1/4 width of Det. by C. S. Lin. phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, stiff, cylindrical. Remarks on Description of the Deraeocorinae Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, ovate, directed dorsad. Abdominal segment IX with completely fused Specimen examined: 1 male (paratype). China: tergite and sternite; dorsoventral not elongate Gansu Prov., Uzhong. 3 July 1992. quadrate in lateral view; its posterior opening not directed ventrocaudad; its anterior margin with 81. Castanopsides hasegawai Yasunaga, 1992 undifferentiated extension; its surface without a Fig. 81 process. Abdominal segment X transverse; directed either caudad or to right and laterocaudad; Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.42 times width situated after abdominal tergite IX. Genital styles of widest portion; apical margin shallowly asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, left Connective either complete or with transverse 3/4 roundly produced caudad. Abdominal segment portion reduced. Support bridge either poorly or X transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted well developed, not winged. Capitate processes into segment X. Genital plate arched, uniformly differentiated. Expanded ejaculatory duct either wide. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and separated into 2 parts; basal part variable in form, size, one on left larger. not spiraled; apical part spiraled; or not separated Connective with reduced transverse portion. into 2 parts, not spiraled. Sheath either Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes 109 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9 moderately large. Support tube not upraised transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into upraised. Support ring ring-like. Expanded segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left converging to apex, anterior margin heavily larger. pigmented, not spiraled; apical part obscurely Connective with reduced transverse portion. spiraled. Both phallobase and phallobasal Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival small. Support tube not [?]upper. Support ring processes exposed in genital chamber, base of ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct separated dorsal one about 1/3 width of phallobase. Exposed into 2 parts; basal part subquadrate, lightly phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, apical 1/2 2- pigmented, not spiraled; apical part spiraled. Both lobed, lower lobe with a long, pigmented process. phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Aedeagus shortened, subparallel-sided. Gonopore Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in defined, with transverse ridges, subquadrate, genital chamber, base of dorsal one about 1/5 directed to left. width of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: conjunctiva bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, slender, Taichung Co., Chaipaotai. 8~10 May 1986. C. S. ventral margin near middle roundly produced Lin. Det. by C. S. Lin. ventrad in lateral view. Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, ovate, directed to left. 82. Creontiades coloripes Hsiao et Meng, 1963 Specimen examined: 1 male (paratype). China: Fig. 82 Fujian Prov., Chongan. 23 June 1965. Liang Chen Wang. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.42 times width of widest portion; apical margin shallowly 84. Lygus bengalicus Reuter, 1884 emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, Fig. 84 right 5/6 roundly produced caudad. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI not Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.45 times width examined. Genital plates arched, uniformly wide. of widest portion; apical margin shallowly Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one emarginated. Sternite with slightly asymmetrical on left larger. apex, acutely produced caudad. Abdominal Connective with reduced transverse portion. segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes retracted into segment X. Genital plates arched, comparatively large. Both phallobase and both ends expanded. Genital styles asymmetrical phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Expanded in shape and size, one on left larger. ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part Connective with reduced transverse portion. widely expanded near middle, lightly pigmented, Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes not spiraled; apical part spiraled. Phallobasal comparatively large. Support tube somewhat conjunctival processes exposed in genital upraised. Support ring ring-like. Expanded chamber, base of dorsal one about 1/4 width of ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva converging to apex, lightly pigmented, not bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, subparallel-sided. spiraled; apical part spiraled. Both phallobase and Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, ovate, phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal directed to left. conjunctival processes exposed in genital Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou chamber, base of dorsal one about 1/3 width of Co., Huisun. 20 Feb. 1990. C. S. Tzeng, light trap. phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva NMNS ENT 629-7068. Det. by C. S. Lin. bulbous, 2-lobed, with 1 pigmented process. Aedeagus shortened, basal 1/2 subparallel-sided, 83. Apolygus concinnus (Wang et Zheng, 1982) apical 1/2 widened. Gonopore defined, with Fig. 83 transverse ridges, ovate, directed to left and dorsolaterad. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.46 times width Specimen examined: 1 male. China: Yunnan of widest portion; apical margin shallowly Prov., 26 Oct. 2000. Wen-jun Bu. emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, acutely produced caudad. Abdominal segment X Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 110

Fig. 79. Termatophylum orientale. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. aedeagus, lateral view. 111 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 80. Allorhinocoris chinensis. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; H. right and left genital styles. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 112

Fig. 81. Castanopsides hasegawai. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view. 113 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 82. Creontiades coloripes. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. abdominal segment X and genital styles, caudal view; E. genital plates, dorsal view; F. phallus, lateral view; G. the same, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 114

Fig. 83. Apolygus concinnus. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. exposed phallobasal conjunctiva in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view; H. aedeagus, lateral view. 115 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 84. Lygus bengalicus. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. genital plates and genital styles, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 116

85. Taylorilygus apicalis (Fieber, 1861) conjunctiva bulbous, 2-lobed, with a long, Fig. 85 pigmented process. Aedeagus shortened, somewhat diverging to apex. Gonopore defined, Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.51 times width with transverse ridges, ovate, directed to left. of widest portion; apical margin almost entirely Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou not emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, Co., Wushe. 30 Nov. 1988. C. S. Lin. NMNS ENT right 2/3 roundly produced caudad. Abdominal 670-1993. Det. by C. S. Lin. segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital plates arched, 87. Castanopsides falkovitshi (Kerzhner, 1979) uniformly wide. Genital styles asymmetrical in Fig. 87 shape and size, one on left larger. Connective with reduced transverse portion. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.51 times width Support bridge well developed, both dorsolateral of widest portion; apical margin shallowly portions winged, directed cephalad. Capitate emarginated. Sternite with somewhat processes comparatively large. Support tube not asymmetrical apex, right submedian portion upraised. Support ring ring-like. Expanded acutely produced caudad. Abdominal segment X ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into elongate subquadrate, heavily pigmented, not segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital spiraled; apical part obscurely spiraled. Both styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. larger. Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in Connective with reduced transverse portion. genital chamber, dorsal one small, rod-like. Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous. comparatively large. Support tube not upraised. Aedeagus shortened, parallel-sided. Gonopore Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct defined, with transverse ridges, ovate, directed to separated into 2 parts; basal part converging to left. apex, heavily pigmented, not spiraled; apical part Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Taitung obscurely spiraled. Sheath very short. Both Co., Kuanshan. 10 Aug. 1989. K. W. Huang. phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. NMNS ENT 498-139. Det. by C. S. Lin. Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in genital chamber, base of dorsal one about 1/3 86. Phytocoris sp. width of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal Fig. 86 conjunctiva bulbous, 3-lobed, with 2 long, pigmented processes. Aedeagus shortened, median Left apical angle of abdominal segment IX portion evenly widened. Gonopore defined, with with a pigmented obtuse process. Apex of transverse ridges, subquadrate, directed to left. abdominal tergite IX 0.56 times width of widest Specimen examined: 1 male. China: Sichuan portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. Prov., Emeishan, Baoguonshi (600 m), 12 Apr. Sternite with symmetrical apex, acutely produced 1957 Le-yi Zheng. caudad. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. 88. Cheilocapsus nigrescens Liu et Wang, 2001 Genital plates not examined. Genital styles Fig. 88 asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left slight larger. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.46 times width Connective with reduced transverse portion. of widest portion; apical margin shallowly Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes emarginated. Sternite with slightly asymmetrical comparatively large. Support tube not upraised. apex, acutely produced caudad somewhat to left. Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal separated into 2 parts; basal part rod-like, lightly segment XI not examined. Genital plates not pigmented, not spiraled; apical part spiraled. Both examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. and size, one on left larger. Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in Connective with reduced transverse portion. genital chamber, base of dorsal one about 1/3 Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes width of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal extremely large. Support tube not upraised. 117 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital separated into 2 parts; basal part elongate plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical quadrate, lightly pigmented, not spiraled; apical in size, one on left slightly larger. part obscurely spiraled. Sheath short. Both Connective with reduced transverse portion. phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Support bridge well developed, elongate oval in Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in dorsal view, each dorsolateral portion near inner genital chamber, dorsal one rod-like. Exposed side of connective arm with an elongated hole. phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, apex with 2 Capitate processes extremely large. Support tube stout, pigmented processes. Aedeagus shortened, not upraised. Support ring ring-like. Expanded median portion curved downward in lateral view; ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part apical 2/3 roundly expanded in dorsal view. elongate quadrate, heavily pigmented, not Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, directed spiraled; apical part spiraled. Sheath short. Both to left and dorsolaterad. phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Specimen examined: 1 male. China: Shaanxi. Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in 7 Aug. 1994. L. V. Lu. Det. By L.Y. Zheng. genital chamber, width of base of dorsal one about 1/4 of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal 89. Apolygus evonymi (Zheng et Wang, 1983) conjunctiva bulbous, apex with cuticular spots. Fig. 89 Aedeagus shortened, basal narrow portion very short, the remainder quadrately expanded. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.38 times width Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, of widest portion; apical margin shallowly quadrate, directed to left. emarginated. Sternite with slightly asymmetrical Specimen examined: 1 male (paratype). China: apex, acutely produced caudad somewhat to left. Hunan , Wuchang . 21 May 1965. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital 91. Apolygus spinolae (Meyer-Dur, 1841) plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical Fig. 91 in size, one on left slightly larger. Connective with reduced transverse portion. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.42 times width Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes of widest portion; apical margin shallowly extremely large. Support tube not upraised. emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct acutely produced caudad somewhat to right. separated into 2 parts; basal part subquadrate, Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal heavily pigmented, not spiraled; apical part segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital spiraled. Sheath short. Both phallobase and plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal in size, one on left larger. conjunctival processes exposed in genital Connective with reduced transverse portion. chamber, width of base of dorsal one about 1/4 of Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva extremely large. Support tube not upraised. bulbous, apex with 2 pigmented processes. Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct Aedeagus shortened, basal 1/4 narrow, apical 3/4 separated into 2 parts; basal part subquadrate, quadrate expanded. Gonopore defined, with lightly pigmented, not spiraled; apical part transverse ridges, quadrate, directed to left. spiraled. Sheath short. Both phallobase and Specimen examined: 1 male (paratype). 7 June phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal 1957. conjunctival processes exposed in genital chamber, width of base of dorsal one about 1/4 of 90. Apolygus triangulus (Zheng et Wang, 1983) phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva Fig. 90. bulbous, dorsocaudal portion with process. Aedeagus shortened, subquadrate expanded. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.40 times width Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, of widest portion; apical margin shallowly quadrate, directed to left. emarginated. Sternite with slightly asymmetrical Specimen examined: 1 male. China: Beijing, apex, acutely produced caudad somewhat to right. Xi Mt. 24 Aug. 1957. T. H. En and S. F. Lee. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 118

Fig. 85. Taylorilygus apicalis. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. genital plates, dorsal view; F. phallus, lateral view; G. the same, dorsal view; H. genital styles, dorsal view. 119 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 86. Phytocoris sp. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. phallus, lateral view; E. aedeagus in whole eversion, lateral view; F. phallus, dorsal view; G. genital styles, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 120

Fig. 87. Castanopsides falkovitshi. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view. 121 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 88. Cheilocapsus nigrescens. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view; H. aedeagus, lateral view; I. the same, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 122

Fig. 89. Apolygus evonymi. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. phallobasal conjunctiva in complete eversion, lateral view. 123 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 90. Apolygus triangulus. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view; H. support bridge and support tube, dorsal view; I. support ring and expanded ejaculatory duct, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 124

Fig. 91. Apolygus spinolae. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. phallobasal conjunctiva in complete eversion, lateral view. 125 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

92. Apolygus zhengianus Kerzhner et Schuh, 1998 transverse ridges, quadrate, directed to left. Fig. 92 Specimen examined: 1 male (paratype). China: Fujian Prov., Chongan. 19 June 1965. Sheng-Li Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.40 times width Liu. of widest portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, 94. Apolygus kosempoensis (Poppius, 1915) acutely produced caudad somewhat to right. Fig. 94 Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.39 times width plates arched, uniformly wide. Genital styles of widest portion; apical margin shallowly asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, Connective with reduced transverse portion. roundly produced caudad somewhat to left. Support bridge well developed, both dorsolateral Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal portions winged, directed cephalad. Capitate segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital processes small. Support tube not upraised. plates arched, uniformly wide. Genital styles Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. separated into 2 parts; basal part elongate Connective with reduced transverse portion. quadrate, lightly pigmented, not spiraled; apical Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes part spiraled. Sheath short. Both phallobase and large. Support tube not upraised. Support ring phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct separated conjunctival processes exposed in genital chamber into 2 parts; basal part subquadrate, lightly not examined. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva pigmented, not spiraled; apical part spiraled. bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, subquadrate. Sheath short. Both phallobase and phallobasal Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival quadrate, directed to left. processes exposed in genital chamber, dorsal one Specimen examined: 1 male (paratype). China: small, triangular. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva Sichuan Prov., Lixian . 5 Aug. 1963. F. K. Tso. bulbous, with 4 pigmented processes. Aedeagus shortened, gradually diverging to apex. Gonopore 93. Apolygus nigricans (Wang et Zheng, 1982) defined, with transverse ridges, quadrate, directed Fig. 93 to left. Specimen examined; 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.39 times width Co., Huisun. 20 Feb. 1990. C. S. Tsing. NMNS of widest portion; apical margin shallowly ENT 629-6759. Det. by C. S. Lin. emarginated. Sternite with strongly asymmetrical apex, acutely produced caudad somewhat to right. 95. Lygocoris linnavuorii Lu et Zheng, 2001 Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal Fig. 95 segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.40 times width in size, one on left larger. of widest portion; apical margin shallowly Connective with reduced transverse portion. emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes acutely produced near middle. Abdominal rather large. Support tube not upraised. Support segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI not ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct examined. Genital plates not examined. Genital separated into 2 parts; basal part elongate styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left quadrate, lightly pigmented, not spiraled; apical larger. part spiraled. Sheath short. Both phallobase and Connective with reduced transverse portion. phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes conjunctival processes exposed in genital extremely large. Support tube not upraised. chamber, width of base of dorsal one about 1/3 of Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva separated into 2 parts; basal part elongate bulbous, dorsocaudal portion with 2 pigmented quadrate, heavily pigmented, not spiraled; apical processes. Aedeagus shortened, subquadrate part spiraled. Sheath short. Both phallobase and expanded in lateral view. Gonopore defined, with phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 126 conjunctival processes exposed in genital upraised. Sheath small. Expanded ejaculatory duct chamber, width of base of dorsal one about 1/3 of separated into 2 parts; basal part subquadrate, phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva lightly pigmented, not spiraled; apical part bulbous, with single process. Aedeagus shortened, spiraled. Both phallobase and phallobasal basal 1/3 narrow, apical 2/3 widened. Gonopore conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival defined, with transverse ridges, quadrate, directed processes exposed in genital chamber not to left. examined. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva Specimen examined (paratype). China: Yunnan bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, apex of basal 1/3 Prov. 6 May 1984. Le-yi Zheng. angulately widened. Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, ovate, directed to left. 96. Lygocoris sp. Specimen examined: 1 male. China: Sichuan Fig. 96 Prov., Xiaojin . 16 Aug. 1963. Le-yi Zheng.

Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.54 times width 98. Pinalitus rubricatus (Fallen, 1807) of widest portion; apical margin shallowly Fig. 98 emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, acutely produced somewhat to left. Abdominal Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.59 times width segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI of widest portion; apical margin shallowly retracted into segment X. Genital plates not emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape obtusely produced caudad somewhat to right. and size, one on left larger. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal Connective with reduced transverse portion. segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical large. Support tube upraised. Support ring ring- in shape and size, one on left larger. like. Expanded ejaculatory duct separated into 2 Connective with reduced transverse portion. parts; basal part broad, heavily pigmented, not Support bridge well developed, dorsolateral spiraled; apical part spiraled. Sheath short. Both portions winged, directed dorsolaterad. Capitate phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. processes moderately large. Support tube not Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in upraised. Support ring ring-like. Expanded genital chamber, width of base of dorsal one about ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; basal part 1/2 of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal subquadrate, lightly pigmented, not spiraled; conjunctiva bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, basal apical part spiraled. Sheath quadrate. Both 1/4 narrow, apical 3/4 quadrate. Gonopore defined, phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. with transverse ridges, ovate, directed to left. Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou, genital chamber, width of base of dorsal one about Huisun. 20 Feb. 1990. C. S. Tseng. NMNS ENT 1/2 of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal 629-6699. Det. by C. S. Lin. conjunctiva bulbous, apical 1/2 2-lobed, each with an exposed process. Aedeagus shortened, elongate 97. Orthops mutans (Stal, 1858) oval in dorsal view. Gonopore defined, with Fig. 97 transverse ridges, ovate, directed to left and dorsolaterad. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.48 times width Specimen examined: 1 male. China: Sichuan of widest portion; apical margin slightly oblique, Prov. 5 Aug. 1963. F. K. Tso. shallowly emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, acutely produced caudad somewhat to right. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. Connective with reduced transverse portion. Support bridge well developed, dorsolateral portions winged, directed laterad. Capitate processes moderately large. Support tube not 127 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 92. Apolypus zhengianus. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. phallus and genital styles, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 128

Fig. 93. Apolygus nigricans. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. phallobasal conjunctiva in complete eversion, lateral view. 129 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 94. Apolygus kosempoensis. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus and genital styles, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 130

Fig. 95. Lygocoris linnavuorii. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view. 131 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 96. Lygocoris sp. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. aedeagus, lateral view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 132

Fig. 97. Orthops mutans. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. genital styles, dorsal view. 133 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 98. Pinalitus rubricatus. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view; H. aedeagus and sheath, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 134

99. Apolygus emeia (Zheng et Wang, 1983) portion very short, apical portion expanded Fig. 99 quadrate. Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, quadrate, directed to left. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.40 times width Specimen examined: 1 male (paratype). China: of widest portion; apical margin very shallowly Sichuan Prov., Emeishan. 10 May 1959. emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, right 2/3 roundly produced caudad. Abdominal 101. Lygocoris disciger (Poppius, 1915) segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI Fig. 101 retracted into segment X. Genital plates arched, both ends somewhat expanded. Genital styles Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.44 times width asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. of widest portion; apical margin shallowly Connective with reduced transverse portion. emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex. Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal extremely large. Support tube rather upraised. segment XI not examined. Genital plates arched, Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct uniform width. Genital styles asymmetrical in separated into 2 parts; basal part rather stout, shape and size, one on left larger. anterior margin heavily pigmented, not spiraled; Connective with reduced transverse portion. apical part spiraled. Sheath short. Both phallobase Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal extremely large. Support tube not upraised. conjunctival processes exposed in genital Expanded ejaculatory duct separated into 2 parts; chamber, width of base of dorsal one about 1/2 of basal part subquadrate, heavily pigmented, not phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva spiraled; apical part spiraled. Sheath short. Both bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, basal 1/3 narrow, phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. apical 2/3 expanded quadrate. Gonopore defined, Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in with transverse ridges, quadrate, directed to left genital chamber, width of base of dorsal one more and dorsolaterad. than 1/2 of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal Specimen examined: 1 male (paratype). China: conjunctiva bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, basal Fujian Prov., Lunyan. 20 Aug. 1965. Sheng-Li 1/4 narrow, apical 3/4 roundly expanded. Liu. Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, quadrate, directed to left. 100. Apolygus castaneous (Zheng et Wang, 1983) Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou Fig. 100 Co., Huisun. 20 Feb. 1990. C. S. Tsen. NMNS ENT 629-7154. Det. by C. S. Lin. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.45 times width of widest portion; apical margin very shallowly 102. Phytocoris nowickyi Fieber, 1870 emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, Fig. 102 median portion obtusely produced caudad. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal Left laterocaudal portion of abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital segment IX with a process. Apex of abdominal plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical tergite IX 0.53 times width of widest portion; in shape and size, one on left somewhat larger. apical margin shallowly emarginated. Sternite with Connective with reduced transverse portion. symmetrical apex, median portion roundly Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes produced caudad. Abdominal segment X extremely large. Support tube not upraised. transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital separated into 2 parts; basal part elongate styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left quadrate, heavily pigmented, not spiraled; apical slightly larger. part spiraled. Sheath quadrate. Both phallobase Connective with reduced transverse portion. and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes conjunctival processes exposed in genital extremely large. Support tube not upraised. chamber, width of base of dorsal one about 1/3 of Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva separated into 2 parts; basal part narrowed, heavily bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, basal narrow pigmented, not spiraled; apical part spiraled. 135 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Sheath short. Both phallobase and phallobasal examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival and size, one on left larger. processes exposed in genital chamber, width of Connective with reduced transverse portion. base of dorsal one about 1/2 of phallobase. Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, apical moderately large. Support tube upraised. 1/2 with an elongate oval marked area. Aedeagus Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 shortened, basal 1/3 narrow, apical 2/3 widened, parts, lightly pigmented, not spiraled. Sheath quadrate. Gonopore defined, with transverse undifferentiated. Both phallobase and phallobasal ridges, ovate, directed to left. conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival Specimen examined: 1 male. China: processes exposed in genital chamber, width of Mudanjiang. 2 Aug. 1980. Le-yi Zheng. base of dorsal one about 1/4 of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, with a 103. Orientomiris sp. pigmented process. Aedeagus shortened, parallel- Fig. 103 sided, slightly arched upward near middle. Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, ovate, Left laterocaudal portion of abdominal directed to left. segment IX with a process. Apex of abdominal Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: tergite IX 0.67 times width of widest portion; Taichung Co., Anmashan. 15 July 1983. C. T. apical margin deeply emarginated. Sternite with Yang. NMNS ENT 220-14166. Det. by C. S. Lin. symmetrical apex, acutely produced caudad medially. Abdominal segment X transverse. 105. Charagochilus taivanus (Poppius, 1915) Abdominal segment XI not examined. Both ends Fig. 105 of genital plates slightly widened. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. Abdominal segment IX trapezoid with slightly Connective with reduced transverse portion. convex lateral margins. Apex of abdominal tergite Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes IX 0.58 times width of widest portion; apical extremely large. Support tube not upraised. margin slightly emarginated. Sternite with Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct asymmetrical apex, right 6/7 roundly produced separated into 2 parts; basal part subquadrate, caudad. Abdominal segment X transverse. lightly pigmented, not spiraled; apical part Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. spiraled. Sheath short. Both phallobase and Genital plates not examined. Genital styles phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. conjunctival processes exposed in genital Connective with reduced transverse portion. chamber, width of base of dorsal one about 1/4 of Support bridge well developed, rather wide, phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva elongate quadrate, empty above support tube. bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, subparallel-sided. Capitate processes rather large. Support tube Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, ovate, upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated directed ventrad. into 2 parts, not spiraled. Both phallobase and Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal Co., Huisun. 20 Feb. 1990. C. S. Tseng. NMNS conjunctival processes exposed in genital ENT 629-7110. Det. by C. S. Lin. chamber, width of base of dorsal one about 1/2 of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva 104. Charagochilus angusticollis Linnavuori, bulbous, with 2 pigmented processes. Aedeagus 1961 shortened, parallel-sided. Gonopore defined, with Fig. 104 transverse ridges, ovate, directed to left. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Taitung Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.43 times width Co., Chihpen. 11 Jan. 1989. K. W. Huang. NMNS of widest portion; apical margin shallowly ENT 428-282. Det. by C. S. Lin. emarginated obliquely. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, right 3/4 roundly produced caudad. Abdominal segment X transverse, directed to right and laterocaudad. Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital plates not Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 136

Fig. 99. Apolygus emeia. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. genital plates and genital styles, dorsal view. 137 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 100. Apolygus castaneous. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 138

Fig. 101. Lygocoris disciger. A Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. support bridge, support tube, and segmental membrane, dorsal view. 139 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig.102. Phytocoris nowickyi. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 140

Fig. 103. Orientomiris sp. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. genital plates, dorsal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view; H. aedeagus and sheath, dorsal view. 141 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 104. Charagochilus angusticollis. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 142

Fig. 105. Charagochilus taivanus. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. support bridge and support tube, dorsal view. 143 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

106. Proboscidocoris sp. directed to left and lateroventrad. Fig. 106 Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Hsinchu Co., Guanwu. 25~29 Apr. 1989. C. S. Lin. NMNS Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.48 times width ENT 511-418. Det. by C. S. Lin. of widest portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, 108. Apolygus fuhoshoensis (Poppius, 1915) acutely produced caudad somewhat to left. Fig. 108 Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.45 times width plates arched, uniformly wide. Genital styles of widest portion; apical margin shallowly asymmetrical, one on left larger. emarginated. Sternite with symmetrical apex, Connective with reduced transverse portion. median 1/2 roundly produced caudad. Abdominal Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI moderately large. Support tube not upraised. retracted into segment X. Genital plates not Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape parts, converging from middle to apex, lightly and size, one on left slightly larger. pigmented, not spiraled. Both phallobase and Connective with reduced transverse portion. phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes conjunctival processes exposed in genital extremely large. Support tube not upraised. chamber, width of base of dorsal one about 1/4 of Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva not separated into 2 parts, apical 1/3 narrow, bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, subparallel-sided. lightly pigmented, not spiraled. Sheath short. Both Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, ovate, phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. directed to left. Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou genital chamber, width of base of dorsal one more Co., Huisun. 20 Feb. 1990. C. S. Tseng. NMNS than 1/2 of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal ENT 629-7045. Det. by C. S. Lin. conjunctiva bulbous, with 2 long, pigmented processes, one branched at apex. Aedeagus 107. Tinginotum perlatum Linnavuori, 1961 shortened, median 3/5 roundly expanded Fig. 107 dorsoventrally. Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, quadrate, directed to left. Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.34 times width Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou of widest portion; apical margin shallowly Co. Huisun. 11 Jan. 1989. K. W. Huang. NMNS emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, ENT 428-283. Det. by C. S. Lin. acutely produced caudad somewhat to right. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal 109. Orthops kalmii (Linnaeus, 1758) segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital Fig. 109 plates arched, both ends somewhat expanded. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.40 times width on left larger. of widest portion; apical margin not emarginated. Connective with reduced transverse portion. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, left laterocaudal Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes margin slightly notched. Abdominal segment X moderately large. Support tube not upraised. transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital not separated into 2 parts, apical 1/3 narrow, styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left lightly pigmented, not spiraled. Both phallobase larger. and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal Connective with reduced transverse portion. conjunctival processes exposed in genital Support bridge well developed, both dorsolateral chamber, width of base of dorsal one about 1/2 of ends winged and triangular. Capitate processes phallobase. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva moderately large. Support tube not upraised. bulbous, ventral portion with a long, pigmented Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct process. Aedeagus shortened, parallel-sided. not separated into 2 parts, gradually narrowing to Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, ovate, apex, lightly pigmented, not spiraled. Sheath short. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 144

Both phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva Connective with reduced transverse portion. shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival processes Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes exposed in genital chamber, width of apex of moderately large. Support tube somewhat dorsal one more than 1/2 of phallobase. Exposed upraised. Support ring ring-like. Expanded phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, ventral portion ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 parts, lightly with a long process. Aedeagus shortened, basal pigmented, not spiraled. Sheath short. Both and apical 1/4 narrow, median portion expanded, phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. subquadrate. Gonopore defined, with transverse Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in ridges, ovate, directed to left. genital chamber, width of base of dorsal one more Specimen examined: 1 male. China: Sichuan than 1/2 of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal Prov., Xiaojin. 16 Aug. 1963. F. K. Tso. conjunctiva bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, parallel-sided. Gonopore defined, with transverse 110. Orthops scutellatus Uhler, 1877 ridges, directed to left and dorsolaterad. Fig. 110 Specimen examined: 1 male. China: Xinjiang Prov., Changji. 27 Aug. 1959. Y. F. Tian . Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.43 times width of widest portion; apical margin shallowly 112. Lygus clypealis (Poppius, 1914) emarginated. Sternite with slightly asymmetrical Fig. 112 apex, left laterocaudal margin somewhat notched. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.42 times width segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital of widest portion; apical margin shallowly plates arched, both ends expanded. Genital styles emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. right 7/8 roundly produced caudad. Abdominal Connective with reduced transverse portion. segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI not Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes wholly retracted into segment X. Genital plates comparatively large. Support tube not upraised. not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in Support ring ring-like. Expanded ejaculatory duct shape and size, one on left larger. not separated into 2 parts, slightly converging to Connective with reduced transverse portion. apex, lightly pigmented, not spiraled. Sheath short. Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes Both phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva extremely large. Support tube not upraised. shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival processes Support ring subquadrate in dorsal view. exposed in genital chamber, width of base of Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 dorsal one about 2/3 of phallobase. Exposed parts, very broad, lightly pigmented, not spiraled. phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, apex 2-lobed, Sheath short. Both phallobase and phallobasal dorsal lobe serrated at apex. Aedeagus shortened, conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival basal and apical 1/4 narrow, median portion processes exposed in genital chamber, width of expanded, subquadrate. Gonopore defined, with base of dorsal one about 1/2 of phallobase. transverse ridges, quadrate, directed to left and Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous. laterocaudad. Aedeagus shortened, parallel-sided. Gonopore Specimen examined: 1 male. China: defined, with transverse ridges, ovate, directed to Mudanjiang. 2 Aug. 1980. Le-yi Zheng. left and dorsolaterad. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou 111. Polymerus unifasciatus (Fabricius, 1794) Co., Huisun. 20 Feb. 1990. C. S. Tseng. NMNS Fig. 111 ENT 629-6845. Det. By C. S. Lin.

Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.47 times width of widest portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, left 5/6 roundly produced caudad. Abdominal segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment. Genital plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. 145 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 106. Proboscidocoris sp. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. phallus and genital styles, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 146

Fig. 107. Tinginotum perlatum. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view. 147 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 108. Apolygus fuhoshoensis. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 148

Fig. 109. Orthops kalmii. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view; H. genital styles, dorsal view. 149 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 110. Orthops scutellatus. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. genital plates, dorsal view; F. phallus, lateral view; G. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; H. phallus, dorsal view; I. support bridge and support tube, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 150

Fig. 111. Polymerus unifasciatus. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view; G. aedeagus and sheath, dorsal view. 151 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 112. Lygus clypealis. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. phallus, lateral view; E. the same, dorsal view; F. genital styles, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 152

113. Tinginotum sp. duct not separated into 2 parts, not spiraled. Fig. 113 Phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.47 times width genital chamber, width of base of dorsal one about of widest portion; apical margin shallowly 1/4 of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, conjunctiva bulbous, with a long, pigmented right 2/3 roundly produced caudad. Abdominal process. Aedeagus shortened, parallel-sided, segment X transverse. Abdominal segment XI slightly converging to apex. Gonopore defined, retracted into segment X. Genital plates arched, with transverse ridges, elongate ovate, directed to both ends somewhat expanded. Genital styles left and lateroventrad. asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Hualien Connective with reduced transverse portion. Co., 9 Aug. 1989. K.W. Huang. NMNS ENT 465- Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes 1911. Det. By C. S. Lin. comparatively large. Support tube not upraised. Support ring subquadrate. Expanded ejaculatory 115. Stenodema brevinotum Lin, 1998 duct not separated into 2 parts, basal 2/3 Fig. 115 subquadrate, broad, apical 1/3 narrow, not spiraled. Sheath short. Both phallobase and Left laterocaudal portion of abdominal phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal segment IX with a short process. Apex of conjunctival processes exposed in genital abdominal tergite IX 0.66 times width of widest chamber, width of base of dorsal one more than portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. 1/2 width of phallobase. Exposed phallobasal Sternite with asymmetrical apex, left laterocaudal conjunctiva bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, margin oblique, apex acutely produced. subparallel-sided. Gonopore defined, with Abdominal segment X elongate in lateral view, transverse ridges, wedge-shaped, directed to left quadrate in dorsal view. Abdominal segment XI and lateroventrad. retracted into segment X. Genital plates arched, Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou both ends expanded. Genital styles asymmetrical Co., Huisun. 20 Feb. 1990. C. S. Tseng. NMNS in shape and size, one on left larger. ENT 629-7035. Det. by C. S. Lin. Connective complete, transverse portion roundly produced ventrad. Support bridge poorly developed, with rather-long area beyond end of (19) Tribe Stenodomini connective in lateral view. Capitate processes moderately large. Support tube not upraised. 114. Trigonotylus tenuis Reuter, 1893 Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 Fig. 114 parts, slender, lightly pigmented, not spiraled. Both phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva Left laterocaudal portion of abdominal shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival processes segment IX with a rather-long process. Apex of exposed in genital chamber, width of base of abdominal tergite IX 0.71 times width of widest dorsal one about 1/4 of phallobase. Exposed portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, with a pigmented Sternite with asymmetrical apex, acutely pointed process at basoventral portion. Aedeagus at apex, left laterocaudal margin somewhat shortened, parallel-sided. Gonopore defined, with concave in dorsal view, [after/beyond?] genital transverse ridges, ovate, directed to left. plates with a transverse ridge as figured. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Ilan, Abdominal segment X elongate in lateral view, Tsuifenghu. 4 Aug. 1992. W. T. Yang. 1436-30. extremely broad in dorsal view. Abdominal Det. by C. S. Lin. segment XI not retracted into segment X. Genital plates arched, both ends expanded. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. Connective with reduced transverse portion. Support bridge well developed. Capitate processes moderately large. Support tube not upraised. Sheath undifferentiated. Expanded ejaculatory 153 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 113. Tinginotum sp. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. phallus and genital styles, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 154

Fig. 114. Trigonotylus tenuis. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. apex of abdominal sternite IX and genital plates, dorsal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. the same, dorsal view. 155 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 115. Stenodema brevinotum. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. phallus, lateral view; D. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; E. phallus, dorsal view; F. genital plates and genital styles, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 156

116. Stenodema longicollis Poppius, 1915 phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Fig. 116 Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in genital chamber, dorsal one rod-like. Exposed Left laterocaudal portion of abdominal phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, with 2 stout segment IX with a stout process. Apex of pigmented processes. Aedeagus shortened, abdominal tergite IX 0.66 times width of widest parallel-side. Gonopore defined, with transverse portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. ridges, elongate ovate, directed to left and Sternite with asymmetrical apex, left laterocaudal laterodorsad. margin oblique, apex acutely produced caudad. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou, Abdominal segment X elongate in lateral view; Meifeng. 13~14 Sept. 1997. C. S. Lin. and W. T. quadrate in dorsal view. Abdominal segment XI Yang. Det. by C. S. Lin. not retracted into segment X. Genital plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical, one on left 118. Dolichomiris linearis Reuter, 1882 larger. Fig. 118 Connective complete, U-shaped. Support bridge poorly developed, very narrow below Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.66 times width connective in lateral view. Capitate processes of widest portion; apical margin shallowly moderately large. Support tube somewhat emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated median portion acutely produced caudad. into 2 parts, caudal margin heavily pigmented, Abdominal segment X elongate in lateral view; basal 2/3 expanded medially, apical 1/3 narrow, before middle angulated in dorsal view. not spiraled. Both phallobase and phallobasal Abdominal segment XI not retracted into segment conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival X. Genital plates arched, both ends expanded. processes exposed in genital chamber, width of Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one base of dorsal one about 1/4 of phallobase. on left slightly larger. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, with 2 Connective complete, U-shaped. Support pigmented processes. Aedeagus shortened, bridge poorly developed, below connective a large parallel-sided. Gonopore defined, elongate ovate, triangle in lateral view. Capitate processes small. directed to left. Support tube somewhat upraised. Expanded Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Hualien, ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 parts, slender, Wanjung. 2 Feb. 1992. C. T. Lee. NMNS ENT lightly pigmented, not spiraled. Sheath short. Both 1403-627. Det. by C. S. Lin. phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctiva processes exposed in 117. Dolichomiris antennatis (Distant, 1904) genital chamber, dorsal one rod-like. Exposed Fig. 117 phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, ventral margin roundly produced Left laterocaudal portion of abdominal ventrad. Gonopore defined, with transverse segment IX with a small process. Apex of extremely large ridges, wedge-shaped, directed abdominal tergite IX 0.67 times width of widest dorsad. portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, right submedian 25~26 Jan. 1995. W. T. Yang. Det. by C. S. Lin. portion acutely produced caudad. Abdominal segment X elongate in lateral view; subquadrate in 119. Lasiomiris purpurascens Zheng, 1986 dorsal view. Abdominal segment XI not retracted Fig. 119 into segment X. Genital plates arched, both ends expanded. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.50 times width and size, one on left larger. of widest portion; apical margin shallowly Connective complete, U-shaped. Support emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, left bridge poorly developed, below connective with submedian portion roundly produced caudad. rather-large triangular area in lateral view. Abdominal segment X elongate in lateral view. Capitate processes moderately large. Support tube Abdominal segment XI retracted into segment X. somewhat upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct not Genital plates not examined. Genital styles separated into 2 parts, slender, not spiraled. Both asymmetrical in shape and size, one on left larger. 157 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Connective complete, U-shaped. Support emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, bridge poorly developed, rather narrow in lateral right 1/2 roundly produced caudad. Abdominal view. Capitate processes moderately large. segment X elongate in lateral view. Abdominal Support tube rather upraised. Expanded segment XI retracted into segment X. Genital ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 parts, slender, plates not examined. Genital styles asymmetrical not spiraled. Sheath quadrate. Both phallobase and in shape and size, one on left larger. phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal Connective with reduced transverse portion. conjunctival processes exposed in genital Support bridge well developed, caudal end chamber, dorsal one expanded subapically. produced dorsad in lateral view. Capitate Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous, with 2 processes small. Support tube not upraised. processes. Aedeagus shortened, subparallel-sided. Support ring ring-like in dorsal view. Expanded Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, sharply ejaculatory duct not separated into 2 parts, lightly wedge-shaped, directed dorsad. pigmented, not spiraled. Sheath short. Both Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Ilan. ] phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. 26~28 July 1983. L. T. Chou. Det. by C. S. Lin. Phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in genital chamber unrecognizable, judged to be (20) Tribe Mecistoscelini reduced. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva bulbous. Aedeagus shortened, slightly diverging to 120. Mecistoscelis scirtetoides Reuter, 1891 apex. Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, Fig. 120 ovate, directed to left. Specimen examined: 1 male. China: Yunnan Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.91 times width Prov. 22 June 1979. Det. by L. Y. Zheng. of widest portion; apical margin shallowly emarginated. Sternite with asymmetrical apex, Remarks on Description of the Mirinae roundly produced caudad. Abdominal segment X elongate in lateral view; elongate quadrate in Abdominal segment IX with completely fused dorsal view. Abdominal segment XI not retracted tergite and sternite; not dorsoventrally elongate, into segment X. Genital plates not examined. quadrate in lateral view; its posterior opening not Genital styles asymmetrical in shape and size, one directed ventrocaudad; its anterior margin with on left larger. undifferentiated extension; its surface either with Connective with reduced transverse portion. or without a process. Abdominal segment X either Support bridge well developed, caudal end transverse or elongate; directed either caudad or to produced dorsad in lateral view. Capitate right and laterocaudad; situated after abdominal processes moderately large. Support tube not tergite IX. Genital styles asymmetrical in shape upraised. Expanded ejaculatory duct not separated and in size, one on left larger. into 2 parts, lightly pigmented, not spiraled. Connective either complete or with reduced Sheath undifferentiated. Both phallobase and transverse portion. Support bridge either poorly or phallobasal conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal well developed, if winged, either directed conjunctival processes exposed in genital cephalad or not. Capitate processes differentiated. chamber, dorsal one rod-like. Exposed phallobasal Expanded ejaculatory duct either separated into 2 conjunctiva bulbous, with 2 pigmented processes. parts; basal part variable in form, not spiraled; Aedeagus shortened, subparallel-sided in lateral apical part spiraled; or not separated into 2 parts, view. Gonopore defined, with transverse ridges, not spiraled. Sheath either undifferentiated or elongate ovate, directed ventrad. differentiated. Both phallobase and phallobasal Specimen examined: 1 male. Taiwan: Nantou, conjunctiva shortened. Phallobasal conjunctival Wushe. 30 Aug.~2 Sept. 1982. L. Y. Chou and processes exposed in genital chamber K.C. Chou. Det. by C. S. Lin. differentiated. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva differentiated. Aedeagus difficult to distinguish in 121. Mystilus priamus Distant, 1904 this taxon; here judged to be shortened. Gonopore Fig. 121 defined, with transverse ridges.

Apex of abdominal tergite IX 0.68 times width of widest portion; apical margin shallowly Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 158

Fig. 116. Stenodema longicollis. A Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. phallus, lateral view; E. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; F. phallus, dorsal view; G. connective, support bridge and support tube, dorsal view; H. genital styles, dorsal view. 159 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 117. Dolichomiris antennatis. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. phallus, lateral view; E. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; F. phallus, dorsal view; G. genital plates and genital styles, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 160

Fig. 118. Dolichomiris linearis. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudoventral view; E. genital plates, dorsal view; F. phallus, lateral view; G. the same, dorsal view; H. aedeagus, dorsal view. 161 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 119. Lasiomiris purpurascens. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; G. phallus, dorsal view; H. aedeagus, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 162

Fig. 120. Mecistoscelis scirtetoides. A. Abdominal segments IX~XI and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. phallus, lateral view; E. aedeagus in complete eversion, lateral view; F. phallus, dorsal view; G. aedeagus, ventral view. 163 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

Fig. 121. Mystilus priamus. A. Abdominal segments IX and X and genital styles, dorsal view; B. the same, ventral view; C. the same, lateral view; D. the same, caudal view; E. phallus, lateral view; F. phallobasal conjunctiva in complete eversion, lateral view; G. connective, support bridge and support tube, dorsal view; H. aedeagus and sheath, dorsal view. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 164

Information on phylogenetic relationships The exposed phallobasal conjunctiva appears in part of the Isometopinae i.e., Isometopus spp., Character analysis, codes, and state definitions the Psallopinae, and Cylapinae. These three 1. Special judgments in the subfamily subfamilies agree with the above definitions, so (1) As for the connective, there are similar Isometopinae is paraphyletic, and Psallopinae and evolutionary lines i.e., i) complete or ii) Cylapinae are the ex-groups. transverse portion reduced in the The exposed phallobasal conjunctiva appears Isometopinae, Orthotylinae, and Bryocorinae in part of the Bryocorinae i.e., Felisacus spp., and groups. the Deraeocorinae and Mirinae. These three (2) As for the gonopore, there are similar subfamilies agree with the above definitions. evolutionary lines i.e., i) difficult to recognize, The Bryocorinae is paraphyletic, and the ii) defined, iii) defined, with transverse ridges, Deraeocorinae and Mirinae are ex-groups. or iv) wholly reduced in the Isometopinae, 4) 0 Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva (ephc) does Orthotylinae, and Bryocorinae groups. not indicate paraphyletic and ex-group (3) As for the sheath, there are similar relationships; or indicates these relationships evolutionary lines i.e., i) undifferentiated or ii) in the Bryocorinae group. differentiated in the Isometopinae, 1 Ephc indicates paraphyletic and ex-group Orthotylinae, and Bryocorinae groups. relationships in regard to the Isometopinae (4) As for the aedeagus, there are similar (1~13). evolutionary lines i.e., i) moderately long, ii) 5) 0 Ephc does not indicate paraphyletic and ex- lengthened, iii) shortened, or iv) wholly group relationships; or indicates these reduced in the Isometopinae, Orthotylinae, relationships in the Isometopinae group. and Bryocorinae groups. 1 Ephc indicates paraphyletic and ex-group relationships in regard to the Bryocorinae Based on the above data we judged that there (52~121). are three evolutionary lines in the Miridae i.e., the Isometopinae group (Isometopinae, Psallopinae, 3. Special judgment of the exposed phallobasal and Cylapinae), Orthotylinae group (Orthotylinae conjunctiva (ephc) within tribes of the and Phylinae), and Bryocorinae group Orthotylinae (Bryocorinae, Deraeocorinae, and Mirinae). In the Halticini if the ephc is differentiated, its This is a branching transformation series. phallobase and the phallobasal conjunctiva are not 1*) 0 Orthotylinae and Bryocorinae evolutionary shortened, and the phallobasal conjunctival lines. processes exposed in the genital chamber are 1 Isometopinae evolutionary line (1~13**). undifferentiated. 2) 0 Isometopinae and Bryocorinae evolutionary In the Orthotylini, if the ephc is differentiated, lines. its phallobase and the phallobasal conjunctiva are 1 Orthotylinae evolutionary line (14~51). shortened, and the phallobasal conjunctival 3) 0 Isometopinae and Orthotylinae evolutionary processes exposed in the genital chamber are lines. differentiated. 1 Bryocorinae evolutionary line (52~121). Based on the above data, we judged these to be two evolutionary events. This is a branching 2. Special judgments in the relationships of transformation series. some subfamilies. 6) 0 Ephc: undifferentiated, or if differentiated "Paraphyletic: Pertaining to a monophyletic within the Orthotylinae group with shortened group that does not contain all the descendants phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva, and (derivatives) of that group." (Mayr and Ashlock, phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed 1991: 424). in genital chamber differentiated; or "Ex-group: A group descended from a undifferentiated or differentiated in the monophyletic group (traditionally defined) which Isometopinae and Bryocorinae groups. renders that group paraphyletic." (Mayr and 1 Ephc: undifferentiated, or if differentiated Ashlock, 1991: 415). within the Orthotylinae group, with neither * Character number. phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva ** Insect number. shortened, and phallobasal conjunctival 165 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

processes in genital chamber undifferentiated Bryocorinae; or undifferentiated or (14~19). differentiated in the Isometopinae and 7) 0 Ephc: undifferentiated, or if differentiated Orthotylinae groups. within the Orthotylinae group, with neither 1 Ephc differentiated within the Bryocorinae phallobase nor phallobasal conjunctiva (59~65, 67, 72~121). shortened, and phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed in genital chamber 5. Expanded ejaculatory duct (eejd). undifferentiated; or undifferentiated or The expanded ejaculatory duct was found in differentiated in the Isometopinae and all 121 examined species of Miridae and is present Bryocorinae groups. only in the Miridae. If this record is correct, then 1 Ephc: undifferentiated or if differentiated this character is a synapomorphy of the Miridae. within the Orthotylinae group, with The evolutionary event occurred in an ancestor of phallobase and phallobasal conjunctiva the Miridae. shortened, and phallobasal conjunctival There are four character states recognized in processes exposed in genital chamber the transformation series: not separated into two differentiated (20~29). parts, the same width, and spiraled throughout its length were determined to be plesiomorphic based 4. Exposed phallobasal conjunctiva (ephc) on their being the least modified compared with The distribution of the exposed phallobasal other the states. It is a linear transformation series. conjunctiva in the Miridae suggests that at least 12) 0 Eejd undifferentiated (other Heteroptera). four evolutionary events have occurred. 1 Eejd differentiated, (1) not separated into 2 The first event occurred within the parts, same width and spiraled throughout Isometopinae in the Isometopini; the second event its length (5, 6); occurred within the Orthotylinae in the Halticini; or (2) separated into 2 parts, basal part the third event occurred within the Orthotylinae in rounded, either spiraled or not, the Orthotylini; and the fourth event occurred in apical part slender, spiraled (1-4, 7); the Bryocorinae in the Dicyphini: Felisacus or (3) separated into 2 parts, basal part okinavanus. variable in form, not spiraled, apical The evolution of the exposed phallobasal part spiraled (8-13, 15-19, 22-29, conjunctiva was judged to be a branching 42, 49, 50, 52-58, 59-65, 66, 67, 72, transformation series. Each transformation -73, 75-79, 80-103); respectively differentiated from its or (4) not separated into 2 parts, not undifferentiated member. spiraled (14, 20, 21, 30-41, 43-48, 8) 0 Ephc undifferentiated in the Isometopinae; or 51, 68-71, 74, 104-121). undifferentiated or differentiated in the 13) 0 Eejd undifferentiated (other Heteroptera); or Orthotylinae and Bryocorina groups. differentiated, (1) separated into 2 parts, 1 Ephc: differentiated in the Isometopinae same width and spiraled throughout its group (5, 6, 8~13). length. 9) 0 Ephc undifferentiated in the Orthotylinae 1 Eejd differentiated, (2) separated into 2 (Halticini); or undifferentiated or parts, basal part rounded, either spiraled or differentiated in the Isometopinae group and not, apical part slender, spiraled (1-4, 7); the Orthotylinae (Orthotylini, Phylinae, and or (3) separated into 2 parts, basal part Bryocorinae groups). variable in form, not spiraled, apical 1 Ephc differentiated within the Orthotylinae part spiraled (8-13, 15-19, 22-29, (Halticini) (15~19). 42, 49-50, 52-58,59-65, 66-67, 72- 10) 0 Ephc undifferentiated in the Orthotylinae 73, 75-79, 80-103); (Orthotylini); or undifferentiated or or (4) not separated into 2 parts, not differentiated in the Isometopinae group, spiraled (14, 20, 21, 30-41, 43-48, Orthotylinae: Halticini, Phylinae-, 51, 68-71, 74, 104-121). Bryocorinae-group. 14) 0 Eejd undifferentiated (other Heteroptera); 1 Ephc differentiated within the Orthotylinae or differentiated, (1) not separated into 2 (Orthotylini) (23~30). parts, same width and spiraled 11) 0 Ephc undifferentiated within the throughout its length; Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 166

or (2) separated into 2 parts, basal part throughout large groups of species rounded, either spiraled or not, (Isometopinae, Psallopinae, and Cylapinae)." apical part slender, spiraled. 2) "Consistency - A character that is consistently 1 Eejd differentiated, (3) separated into 2 present in one group (Isometopinae, parts, basal part variable in form, not Psallopinae, and Cylapinae) not just spiraled, apical part spiraled (8-13, 15-19, consistently absent in related groups (the other 22-29, 42, 49, 50, 52-65, 66, 67, 72, 73, 75- subfamilies of Miridae)." (Mayr and Ashlock, 79, 80-103); 1991: 188). or (4) not separated into 2 parts, not 17) 0 Subapical claw tooth undifferentiated. spiraled (14, 20, 21, 30-41, 43-48, 1 Subapical claw tooth differentiated (1-13). 51, 68-71, 74, 104-121). 15) 0 Eejd undifferentiated (other Heteroptera); 8. Phallobasal conjunctival processes (phcp) or differentiated, (1) not separated into 2 exposed in the genital chamber parts, same width and spiraled The phallobasal conjunctival processes are throughout its length; usually situated near the base of both sides of the or (2) separated into 2 parts, basal part aedeagus. In the Miridae, beyond the apex of the rounded, either spiraled or not, phallobase of the dorsal and ventral plates is apical part slender, spiraled; variable in form judging from the phallobasal or (3) separated into 2 parts, basal part conjunctival processes having been rotated and variable in form, not spiraled, apical modified. This differentiated structure was judged part spiraled. to be apomorphic. It is a branching transformation 1 Eejd differentiated, (4) not separated into 2 series. parts, not spiraled (14, 20, 21, 30-41, 43-48, 18) 0 Phcp exposed in genital chamber undiffer- 51, 68-71, 74, 104-121). entiated; or differentiated, dorsal one larger. 1 Phcp exposed in genital chamber 6. Tarsus segmentation differentiated, ventral one larger, plate- According to Schuh and Slater (1996: 172) shaped (22-25); or tube-shaped (26-29). tarsi are two-segmented in the Isometopinae and 19) 0 Phcp exposed in genital chamber undiffer- Psallopinae; two- or three-segmented in the entiated; or differentiated, dorsal one larger; Cylapinae; and three-segmented in the or ventral one larger, plate-shaped. Orthotylinae, Phylinae, Bryocorinae, 1 Phcp exposed in genital chamber different- Deraeocorinae, and Mirinae. The two-segmented iated, ventral one larger, tube-shaped (26- tarsus is judged to be plesiomorphic. It is a linear 29). transformation series. 20) 0 Phcp exposed in genital chamber undiffer- 16) 0 Tarsus 2- or 2~3-segmented. entiated; or differentiated, ventral one 1 Tarsus 3-segmented (14-121). larger. 1 Phcp exposed in genital chamber 7. Subapical claw tooth differentiated, dorsal one larger (59-65, 67, Schuh (1976: 8) considered that "The 72-121). Isometopinae, Cylapinae, and Psallopinae have a subapical tooth on the claw (Figs. 7, 8, 37). The 9. Abdominal tergite IX and sternite IX form and location of the tooth rather constant in all incompletely fused of those groups that possess it. The condition has The abdominal tergite IX and sternite IX are been illustrated by Knight (1918), McAtee and incompletely fused in the Isometopinae Mallock (1924), and Carvalho (1955) and (Isometopini). They are completely fused in the mentioned by Kelton (1959), although no one has Isometopinae (Dilphlebini) (Konstantinov, 2003: commented on its taxonomic utility." Schuh 27) and other subfamilies. This incompletely fused himself also neglected its value. state was judged to be a reversal. If "The form and location of the tooth rather 21) 0 Abdominal tergite X and sternite IX constant in all of those groups that possess it" is completely fused. correct, then the subapical claw tooth agrees with 1 Abdominal tergite IX and sternite IX the character having a high weight: incompletely fused (1-6). 1) "Constance - A character that is constant 167 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

10. Form of abdominal segment IX differentiated, not at left lateral portion; The tergite of abdominal segment IX is 1 Process of IX differentiated at left lateral normally shorter than the sternite in lateral view in portion (10, 23, 24, 29, 35). the Heteroptera. In the Bryocorinae (Bryocorini) it 26) 0 Process of IX undifferentiated; or different- is modified into dorsoventrally elongate quadrate iated, not at left apicolateral portion. form which is typical of the Fulgoroidea. 1 Process of IX differentiated at left The dorsoventral elongate quadrate state was apicolateral portion (85, 101-103, 115-117). judged to be apomorphic. 27) 0 Process of IX undifferentiated; or differ- 22) 0 Abdominal segment IX not dorsoventrally entiated, not at ventral apical portion. elongate quadrate in lateral view. 1 Process of IX differentiated at ventral apical 1 Abdominal segment IX dorsoventrally portion (51, 64, 65). elongate quadrate in lateral view (68-71). 14. Shape of abdominal segment X 11. Direction of the posterior opening of IX The shape of abdominal segment X being The direction of the posterior opening of elongate in lateral view was judged to be abdominal segment IX in most species of the apomorphic. Miridae is dorsocaudad, sometimes caudad. It is 28) 0 Shape of abdominal segment X transverse. difficult to clearly distinguish these two because of 1 Shape of abdominal segment elongate (20- the intermediate. But the ventrocaudad direction 21, 28, 52-56, 59-60, 114-121). can easily be directly observed in the Bryocorinae (Bryocorini) from the ventral view. 15. Direction of abdominal segment X The posterior opening of the abdominal Abdominal segment X directed to the left or segment IX directed ventrocaudad was judged to right and laterocaudad was judged to be be apomorphic. apomorphic. It is a branching transformation 23) 0 Posterior opening of IX not directed series. ventrocaudad. 29) 0 Abdominal segment X directed caudad; or 1 Posterior opening of IX directed ventr- directed to right and laterocaudad. ocaudad (68-71). 1 Abdominal segment X directed to left and laterocaudad (10, 22, 57, 58, 63). 12. Extension of IX 30) 0 Abdominal segment X directed caudad; or The extension of IX appearing in the directed to left and laterocaudad. Nepomorpha is exaggerated. In the Miridae it may 1 Abdominal segment X directed to right and be a useful character in the Bryocorinae laterocaudad (14, 75, 79, 104). (Dicyphini). It was judged to be apomorphic. 24) 0 Extension of IX undifferentiated. 16. Position of abdominal segment X 1 Extension of IX differentiated (24, 55-65, Abdominal segment X is normally situated 79). after abdominal IX. Abdominal segment X being situated below abdominal tergite IX was judged to 13. Processes of IX be apomorphic. The process of the abdominal segment IX can 31) 0 Abdominal segment X situated after abdo- be distinguished into three groups according its minal tergite IX. position: 1 Abdominal segment X situated below abdo- 1) left lateral portion; minal tergite IX (61, 62, 64, 65, 68-71). 2) left apicolaterior portion; and 3) ventral apical portion. 17. Connective (con) Judging from their positions, these three forms The distribution of the transverse portion of of the process of abdominal segment IX are likely the reduced connective in the Miridae indicates not homologous structures. These structures may that this evolutionary event has occurred several be useful at the generic or species level when more times. members are examined. This character was judged The transverse portion of the reduced to be apomorphic. It is a branching transformation connective was judged to be apomorphic. It is a series. branching transformation series. 25) 0 Process of IX undifferentiated; or 32) 0 Con complete; or con with reduced Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 168

transverse portion in the Orthotylinae and shortened in the Bryocorinae group. Bryocorinae groups. 1 Phallobasal conjunctiva shortened in the 1 Con with transverse portion reduced in the Orthotylinae group (22-29). Isometopinae group (10-11, 13). 40) 0 Phallobasal conjunctiva not shortened; or 33) 0 Con complete; or con with reduced trans- shortened in the Orthotylinae group. verse portion in the Isometopinae and 1 Phallobasal conjunctiva shortened in the Bryocorinae groups. Bryocorinae group (59-65, 67, 72-121). 1 Con with reduced transverse portion in the Orthotylinae group (14-30, 32-34, 36-42, 22. Gonopore (gon) 43-45, 47-51). The gonopore being difficult to recognize was 34) 0 Con complete; or con with reduced trans- judged to be plesiomorphic; then defined; then verse portion in the Isometopinae and defined with transverse ridges; then undefined Orthotylinae groups. with sclerotized ridges; then wholly reduced. It is 1 Con with reduced transverse portion in the a linear transformation series. The distribution of Bryocorinae group (75-78, 80-113, the gonopore in the Miridae indicates that it is a 114,120, 121). branching transformation series. 41) 0 Gon difficult to recognize in the Isomet- 18. Support bridge (sub) opinae group; or in the Orthotylinae and The support bridge being winged and directed Bryocorinae groups. cephalad is only distributed in the Bryocorinae 1 Gon defined in the Isometopinae group (7); (Bryocorin). This character state was judged to be or defined with transverse ridges (8, 9); or apomorphic. wholly reduced (10-13). 35) 0 Sub not winged, directed cephalad. 42) 0 Gon difficult to recognize in the Isomet- 1 Sub winged, directed cephalad (67-71, 85, opinae group; or defined; or in the 92). Orthotylinae and Bryocorinae groups. 1 Gon defined, with transverse ridges in the 19. Capitate processes (cap) Isometopinae group (8, 9); or wholly The capitate processes is differentiated in the reduced (10-13). Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, and 43) 0 Gon difficult to recognize in the Pentatomomorpha (Yang, 2004: 72). The wholly Isometopinae group; or defined, with reduced state in the Bryocorinae (Bryocorini) was transverse ridges in the Orthotylinae and judged to be apomorphic. Bryocorinae groups. 36) 0 Cap present. 1 Gon wholly reduced in the Isometopinae 1 Cap reduced (68-71). group (10-13). 44) 0 Gon difficult to recognize in the Orthoty- 20. Shortened phallobase linae group; or in the Isometopinae and The shortened phallobase state was judged to Bryocorinae groups. be apomorphic. It is a branching transformation 1 Gon defined in the Orthotylinae group (33, series. 34, 46); or defined with transverse ridges 37) 0 Phallobase not shortened; or shortened in the (30, 32, 37-42, 45, 47-51); or undefined, Bryocorinae group. with sclerotized ridges (15, 16); or wholly 1 Phallobase shortened in the Orthotylinae reduced (17-19). group (22-29). 45) 0 Gon difficult to recognize in the Orthot- 38) 0 Phallobase not shortened; or shortened in the ylinae group; or defined in the Orthotylinae group. Isometopinae and Bryocorinae groups. 1 Phallobase shortened in the Bryocorinae 1 Gon defined, with transverse ridges in the group (59-65, 67, 72-121). Orthotylinae group (22, 32, 37-42, 45, 47- 51);or undefined with sclerotized ridges 21. Phallobasal conjunctiva (15, 16); or wholly reduced (17-19). The shortened phallobasal conjunctiva state 46) 0 Gon difficult to recognize in the Orthot- was judged to be apomorphic. It is a branching ylinae group; or defined; or defined, with transformation series. transverse ridges in the Isometopinae and 39) 0 Phallobasal conjunctiva not shortened; or Bryocorinae groups. 169 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

1 Gon undefined, with sclerotized ridges in Bryocorinae groups. the Orthotylinae group (15, 16); 1 Sh differentiated in the Orthotylinae group or wholly reduced (17-19). (14-17, 23, 25, 28, 29). 47) 0 Gon difficult to recognized in the Ortho- 54) 0 Sh undifferentiated in the Bryocorinae tylinae group; or defined; or defined, with group; or in the Isometopinae and transverse ridges; or undefined, with Orthotylinae groups. sclerotized ridges in the Isometopinae and 1 Sh differentiated in the Bryocorinae group Bryocorinae groups. (76, 87-103, 108-113, 118, 119, 121). 1 Gon wholly reduced in the Orthotylinae group (17-19). 24. Aedeagus (aed) 48) 0 Gon difficult to recognize in the Bryocorinae The moderate-length aedeagus was judged to group; or in the Isometopinae and be plesiomorphic. The lengthened, shortened, and Orthotylinae groups. wholly reduced aedeagus were judged to be 1 Gon defined in the Bryocorinae group (62); apomorphic. The distribution of the modification or defined with transverse ridges (67, 80- of the aedeagus between subfamilies indicates that 121); or undefined with sclerotized ridges it is a branching transformation series. (72, 73, 77, 78); or wholly reduced (54-58, 55) 0 Aed moderately long in the Isometopinae 64, 65). group; or shortened; or wholly reduced in 49) 0 Gon difficult to recognize in the Bryocorinae the Orthotylinae and Bryocorinae groups. group; or defined in the Isometopinae and 1 Aed lengthened in the Isometopinae group Orthotylinae groups. (7). 1 Gon defined, with transverse ridges in the 56) 0 Aed moderately long in the Isometopinae Bryocorinae group (67, 80-121); or group; or lengthened in the Orthotylinae undefined with sclerotized ridges (72, and Bryocorinae groups. 73,77, 78); or wholly reduced (54-58,64, 1 Aed shortened in the Isometopinae group (8, 65). 9); or wholly reduced (10-13). 50) 0 Gon difficult to recognize in the Bryocorinae 57) 0 Aed moderately long in the Isometopinae group; or defined; or defined with group; or lengthened; or shortened in the transverse ridges in the Isometopinae and Orthotylinae and Bryocorinae groups. Orthotylinae groups. 1 Aed wholly reduced in the Isometopinae 1 Gon undefined, with sclerotized ridges in group (10-13). the Bryocorinae group (72, 73, 77, 78);or 58) 0 Aed moderately long in the Orthotylinae wholly reduced (54-58,64, 65). group; or shortened; or wholly reduced in 51) 0 Gon difficult to recognize in the Bryocorinae the Isometopinae and Bryocorinae groups. group; or defined; or defined with 1 Aed lengthened in the Orthotylinae group transverse ridges; or undefined with (14, 21, 30-51). sclerotized ridges in the Isometopinae and 59) 0 Aed moderately long in the Orthotylinae Orthotylinae groups. group; or lengthened in the Isometopinae 1 Gon wholly reduced in the Bryocorinae and Bryocorinae groups. group (54-58, 64, 65). 1 Aed shortened in the Orthotylinae group (15, 16, 22-29); or wholly reduced (17-19). 23. Sheath (sh) 60) 0 Aed moderately long in the Orthotylinae The sheath being differentiated was judged to group; or lengthened; or shortened in the be apomorphic. The distribution of the sheath in Isometopinae and Bryocorinae groups. the Miridae indicates that it is a branching 1 Aed wholly reduced (17-19). transformation series. 61) 0 Aed moderately long in the Bryocorinae 52) 0 Sh undifferentiated in the Isometopinae group; or shortened; or wholly reduced in group; or in the Orthotylinae and the Isometopinae and Orthotylinae groups. Bryocorinae groups. 1 Aed lengthened in the Bryocorinae group 1 Sh differentiated in the Isometopinae group (59, 60, 68-71). (8, 9). 62) 0 Aed moderately long in the Bryocorinae 53) 0 Sh undifferentiated in the Orthotylinae group; or lengthened in the Isometopinae group; or in the Isometopinae and and Orthotylinae groups; Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 170 Ta ble 2. Rearranged data matrix 171 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9 Iso, IsometopinaePsa, PsallopinaeCyl, Cylapinae Orthotylini Or, ThylinaeThy, BryocorinaeBry, Au, Auricillocorini DeraeocorinaeDer, Pi, Pilophorini MirinaeMir, Le, Leucophoroperini Hl, Hallodapini Is, Isometopini Dc, Dicyphini Di, DiphlebiniPs, Psallopini Ec, Eccritotarsini Bo, Bothriomirini Bryocorini Br, Fu, Fulvini De, Deraeocorini Ha, Halticini Mi, Mirini Teratophylini Te, St, Stenodomini Me, Mecistoscelini Fig. 122. Phylogenetic relationships of the Miridae. Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 172

1 Aed shortened in the Bryocorinae group (53, in Tingidae and Reduviidae, is absent in Capsidae 61-63, 72-121); or wholly reduced (54-58, (=Miridae) as well." Here, he did not tell us why 64, 65). an expansion of the ejaculatory duct at the base of 63) 0 Aed moderately long in the Bryocorinae vesica in the Miridae was not the ejaculatory group; or lengthened; or shortened in the reservoir. Recently Tsai et al. (2004) redefined the Isometopinae and Orthotylinae groups. ejaculatory reservoir as "a structure protruding 1 Aed wholly reduced in the Bryocorinae from the dorsobasal portion of the expanded group (54-58, 64, 65). ejaculatory duct at the middle of the aedeagus. The part of the structure outside the base of the Relationship analysis aedeagus is the ejaculatory reservoir and the other part within the aedeagus, plus the expanded Character 12 exhibited by all examined species ejaculatory duct, is the reservoir lumen." Based on was determined to be a synapomorphy of the this definition, we accept Singh-Pruthi's judgment: Miridae. "The ejaculatory reservoir is absent in Capsidae as The combination of characters 1, 4, 17, and 16 well." The expanded ejaculatory duct and the exhibited by the largest number of taxa was ejaculatory reservoir are quite different structures, selected to be the basal branch. Herein, the and there are four differences between them: 1) Isometopinae, Psallopinae, and Cylapinae were the position (an evolutionary event) between the determined to be the subfamily, the Isometopinae apex of the support tube and the base of the group, because they possess the synapomorphy, aedeagus versus within the middle of the i.e., character 17; by special judgment, i.e., aedeagus; 2) the nature of the structure as an character 1; and from paraphyletic and ex-group expansion of the ejaculatory duct versus relationships, i.e., character 4. The Orthotylinae, protruding from the expanded ejaculatory duct Phylinae, Bryocorinae, Deraeocorinae, and within the middle of the aedeagus; 3) the apical Mirinae were determined to be a subfamily group portion always being spiraled versus never being because they possess the synapomorphy, i.e., spiraled; and 4) being present in the Miridae only character 16. versus in the Pentatomomorpha only. Character 2 and the combination of characters Singh-Pruthi (1925: 171) described for 3 and 5 exhibited by the second-largest number of Calocoris norvegicus that "The ejaculatory duct taxa was selected to be the second branch. Herein, just after entering the basal foramen very much the Orthotylinae and Phylinae were determined to swollen, probably owing to the fusion with it of be the subfamily, the Orthotylinae group, because the basal plates ridge (=support tube) in that they possess a special judgment, i.e., character 2. region." Based on our observation that only the The Bryocorinae, Deraeocorinae, and Mirinae expanded ejaculatory duct was modified, then the were determined to be the subfamily, the support tube did not participate in this matter. Bryocorinae group, because they possess character Singh-Pruthi (1925), Kelton (1959), and Kerzhner 3 of special judgment, and character 5 of the and Konstantinov (1999, 2003) paid little attention paraphyletic and ex-group relationships. to the expanded ejaculatory duct, especially the Characters 6 and 7 of special judgment second author; the main purpose of this seemingly indicate that the Orthotylinae is not a investigation was to determine what occurred to monophyletic taxon. this structure. From our observations, we judged Finally other characters are added. that the expanded ejaculatory duct is a synapomorphy of the family Miridae including the DISCUSSION subfamily Isometopinae. The evolutionary event occurred in an ancestor of the Miridae. Singh-Pruthi (1925; 136) stated that the It was surprising that there were so many "Ejaculatory reservoir (ejr) is an expansion of the different structural modifications of the external ejaculatory duct at the base of the vesica, present male genitalia within the Miridae as compared to in Heteroptera." According to this definition, we other Heteroptera. judged the ejaculatory reservoir to be present in 1) The process(es) of abdominal segment IX was the Miridae. But Singh-Pruthi (1925: 176) not mentioned by Singh-Pruthi (1925?) or remarked that "The ejaculatory reservoir Kelton and Konstantinov (1999, 2003). It was invariably present in Pentatomidae etc., and absent not a useful character in this investigation but 173 NMNS SPEC. PUBL. No. 9

it is believed that it may be useful at the This structure appeared only within the generic or specific level. Miridae in the Heteroptera and in most 2) Abdominal segment X being elongate in lateral Fulgoroidea. view was not mentioned by Singh-Pruthi 13) The aedeagus was either moderately long, (1925) or Kelton and Konstantinov (1999, lengthened, shortened, or wholly reduced. 2003). Singh-Pruthi (1925) judged the inner structure 3) Abdominal segment XI being situated below (= aedeagus) of his bulbous vesica to be the abdominal tergite IX was not mentioned by ejaculatory duct, and a wholly reduced one to Singh-Pruthi (1925) or Kelton and be an undifferentiated endosoma. These Konstantinov (1999, 2003). judgments made it difficult to compare one 4) The connective with a reduced transverse with the others. Singh-Pruthi's view was portion was not mentioned by Singh-Pruthi followed by Kelton and Konstantinov. (1925) or Kelton and Konstantinov (1999, The following phylogenetic relationships in 2003). the Miridae is proposed: (Isometopinae + 5) The support bridge was distinguished by Yang (Psallopinae + Cylapinae)) + ((Orthotylinae + and Chang (2000), and here we followed them. Phylinae) + (Bryocorinae + (Deraeocorinae + This structure was not distinguished by Singh- Mirinae))). At first, based on the exposed Pruthi (1925) or Kelton and Konstantinov phallobasal conjunctiva in the Bryocorinae, (1999, 2003), probably because it has not been Deraeocorinae, and Mirinae, we agreed with the carefully examined throughout the Heteroptera. paraphyletic and ex-group relationships. The 6) The support ring is a new structure Bryocorinae is paraphyletic, and the differentiated within the Miridae. We do not Deraeocorinae and Mirinae are ex-groups. Then know the details yet. It probably differentiated we found that based on the same character, the from the apex of the support tube, being a Isometopinae, Psallopinae, and Cylapinae have the tube-shaped structure in Psallops spp. and same relationships. The Isometopinae is ring-like in others. This is the reason we did paraphyletic, and the Psallopinae and Cylapinae not use this character. are the ex-groups. Of course, it is not a 7) The shortened phallobase was not mentioned by synapomorphy. Furthermore, if the lengthened Singh-Pruthi (1925) or Kelton and aedeagus is considered, the Orthotylinae and Konstantinov (1999, 2003). Phylinae are paraphyletic and also have ex-group 8) The shortened phallobasal conjunctiva was not relationships. The Orthotylinae is paraphyletic, mentioned by Singh-Pruthi (1925) or Kelton and the Phylinae is an ex-group. We did not select and Konstantinov (1999, 2003). this third one. We clearly know that the above 9) The exposed phallobasal conjunctiva was character is not recognized in a cladistic judged to be the bulbous vesica (= aedeagus) classification; for evolutionary taxonomists, by Singh-Pruthi (1925). His interpretation was however, this is not rejected. followed by Kelton and Konstantinov (1999, The other debatable character we selected was 2003). the evolutionary line. We found as mentioned in 10) The phallobasal conjunctiva processes being character analysis 1 the special judgment in the exposed in the genital chamber is a new subfamily. There were four similar transformation differentiated character within the Miridae, series distributed in three subfamily-group, i.e., and not mentioned by Singh-Pruthi (1925) or the Isometopinae, Orthotylinae, and Bryocorinae Kelton and Konstantinov (1999, 2003). groups, respectively. What indicated these 11) The expanded ejaculatory duct between the characters? It impressed us that lately there were apex of the support tube and the base of the three evolutionary lines in the Miridae. This aedeagus did not attract the attention of character could not be recognized in a cladistic Singh-Pruthi (1925) or Kelton and classification, but we do not know the reflections Konstantinov (1999, 2003). of evolutionary taxonomists. The second author 12) The sheath was judged by Konstantinov considered this character to have a high weight. (2003: 31) to be "Ductus seminis (= The Orthotypinae and Phylinae were a difficult ejaculatory duct) with strongly sclerotized problem for us. We found, as mentioned in distal (= sheath) and basal (= basal part of character analysis 3, by special judgment that the expanded ejaculatory duct) parts in Psallops." exposed phallobasal conjunctiva within the Lin and Yang : Male Genitalia of Miridae 174

Orthotylinae, Halticini, and Orthotylini is Schuh, R.T. 1976. Pretarsal structure in the distinctly heterogeneous. Herein we could do Miridae (Hemiptera) with a cladistic analysis nothing. It is our hope that a Miridae specialist of relationships within the family. Am. Mus. considers our data and answers the following Novitate 2601: 1-39. questions: 1) Are the Halticini and Orthotylini a Schuh, R.T. and J.A. Slater. 1996. True bugs of the monophyletic subfamily or two distinct world (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). classification subfamilies? 2) What are the true relationships and natural history. Cornell University Press, among the Halticini, Orthotylini, Phylinae Ithaca, NY and London. pp. 169-180. (excluding the Pilophorini), and Pilophorini. Singh-Pruthi, H. 1925. The morphology of male To compare our proposition with Schuh's genitalia in Rhychota. Trans. Entomol. Soc. (1976: 12; Fig. 6) "the Isometopinae + Lond. 1925: 127-267. (Psallopinae + (Phylinae including the Tsai, J.F., M.M. Yang, and C.T. Yang. 2004. Orthotylinae + (Cylapinae + ((Mirini + Redefinition of ejaculatory reservoir s. str. in Deraeocorini) + Bryocorinae))))." If (Mirini + Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Deraeocorini) + Bryocorinae can be interpreted as Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 97: 790-795. Bryocorinae + (Deraeocorinae + Mirinae), then Yang, C.T. and T.Y. Chang. 2000. The external our proposition is congruous with that of Schuh, male genitalia of Hemiptera (Homoptera- except the Isometopinae is not the sister group of Heteroptera). Shih Way Publishers, Taichung, all other groups and the Isometopinae, Taiwan. 746 pp. Psallopinae, and Cylapinae form the Isometopinae group.

REFERENCES

Carvalho, J.C.M. 1955. Keys to the genera of Miridae of the World (Hemiptera). Bol. Mus. Paraense Emilio Goeldi Belem. 11: 1-151. Dupuis, C. and J.C.M. Carvalho. 1970. Heteroptera. In S.L. Tuxen (ed). Taxonomist's glossary of genitalia in insects. Munksgaad, Copenhagen. pp. 158-169. Kelton, L.A. 1959. Male genitalia as taxonomic characters in the Miridae (Hemiptera). Can. Entomol. 91: 3-72. Kerzhner, I.M. and F.V. Konstantinov. 1999. Structure of aedeagus in Miridae (Heteroptera) and its bearing on suprageneric classification. Acta Soc. Zool Bohem. 63: 117-137. Konstantinov, F.V. 2003. Male genitalia in Miridae (Heteroptera) and their significance for suprageneric classification of the family. Part 1: General review, Isometopinae and Psallopinae. Belg. J. Entomol. 5: 3-36. Knight, H.H. 1918. Old and new species of Lopidea from the United States (Hemiptera, Miridae). Entomol. News 29: 210-216. Mayr, E. and P.D. Ashlock. 1991. Principles of systematic zoology. McGraw-Hill, MaGraw- Hill. pp. 187-188; 224. McAtee, W.L. and J.R. Malloch. 1924. Some annectant bugs of the superfamily Cimicoidea (Heteroptera). Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 19: 69-82.