Victoria Methodist Church, High Street, Keynsham, Bath and North-East Somerset

VICTORIA METHODIST CHURCH, HIGH STREET, KEYNSHAM, BATH AND NORTH-EAST SOMERSET

POST EXCAVATION ASSESSMENT

C.A.T JOB: 0693 C.A.T REPORT: 98872

MARCH 1998

This report has been researched and compiled with all reasonable skill, care, and attention to detail within the terms of the project as specified by the Client and within the general terms and conditions of Cotswold Archaeological Trust Ltd. The Trust shall not be liable for any inaccuracy, error or omission in the report or other documents produced as part of the Consultancy and no liability is accepted for any claim, loss or damage howsoever arising from any opinion stated or conclusion or other material contained in this report or other documents supplied as part of the Consultancy.

This report is confidential to the Client. Cotswold Archaeological Trust Ltd accept no responsibility whatsoever to third parties to whom this report, or any part of it is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk.

Victoria Methodist Church, High Street, Keynsham: Post Excavation Assessment

CONTENTS

CONTENTS ...... 1

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ...... 3

GLOSSARY ...... 4

SUMMARY ...... 5

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 6

2. LOCATION ...... 6

3. CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE EXCAVATION ...... 6

4. ORIGINAL OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGIES ...... 8

5. MITIGATION RESULTS ...... 10

5.1 Introduction ...... 10 5.2 Romano-British period...... 10 5.3 Anglo-Saxon period ...... 10 5.4 Medieval period (Phase 1) ...... 10 5.5 Post-medieval period (Phase 2) ...... 11 5.6 Construction of present church (1887) to date (phase 3) ...... 12 5.7 Discussion ...... 12

6. NATURE OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL ARCHIVE ...... 13

7. ARTEFACTUAL EVIDENCE ...... 14

7.1 General ...... 14 7.3 Clay Tobacco Pipes by Marek Lewcun ...... 16 7.4 Animal Bone by Mark Maltby ...... 18 7.5 Metal by Emma Harrison ...... 20 7.6 Glass by Emma Harrison ...... 21 7.7 Shell by Emma Harrison ...... 23

8. STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL ...... 24

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9. BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 24

10. PROPOSALS FOR POST-EXCAVATION ANALYSIS ...... 25

11. SYNOPSIS FOR PROPOSED REPORT ...... 27

10.1 Title: ...... 27 10.2 Summary Composition of Report: ...... 27

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Location plan ...... 29 Fig. 2 Phase 1 (medieval) ...... 30 Fig. 3 Phase 2 (post-medieval) ...... 31 Fig. 4 Phase 3 (construction of church - to date) ...... 32 Fig. 5 Section ...... 33 Fig. 6 Plan of evaluation test-pit ...... 34

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GLOSSARY

ARCHAEOLOGY For the purposes of this project, archaeology is taken to mean the study of past human societies through their material remains, from prehistoric times to the modern era. No rigid upper date limit has been set, but AD 1900 is used as a general cut-off point.

MEDIEVAL Taken here as the period from the Norman invasion in AD 1066 to approximately AD 1500.

NATURAL Defined in archaeological terms this refers to the undisturbed natural geology of a site, e.g. Lower Lias clay, river terrace gravels etc.

NGR National Grid Reference given from the Ordnance Survey Grid.

OD Ordnance Datum; used to express a given height above mean sea level.

POST-MEDIEVAL The period following the medieval period, from AD1500 to the Industrial Revolution.

PRN Principal Record Number (used for entries on the County SMR)

ROMANO-BRITISH Term used to describe a fusion of indigenous late Iron Age traditions with Roman culture, often abbreviated as `R-B.'

SMR Sites and Monument Record.

4 Victoria Methodist Church, High Street, Keynsham: Post Excavation Assessment

SUMMARY

In November 1997 Cotswold Archaeological Trust was commissioned by Wainscot Associates, on behalf of the Trustees of the Victoria Methodist Church, to undertake a programme of archaeological mitigation recording in advance of construction work to extend the Victoria Methodist Church, Keynsham, Bath and North East Somerset.

Evidence was retrieved to suggest an outer wall of a medieval building and its associated tenement boundary survive within the study area. An internal division identified within the property suggests this outer wall represents the rear of the medieval building which fronted the High Street.

The medieval building continues in use throughout the post-medieval period. Clay surfacing, superseded by sandstone flagstones are interpreted as internal floor surfaces. Stonelined drainage runs were established to the rear of the property.

All archaeological deposits were sealed by demolition and construction debris associated with the building of the present church which opened in 1887.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In November 1997 Cotswold Archaeological Trust (CAT) was commissioned by Wainscot Associates, on behalf of the Trustees of the Victoria Methodist Church, to undertake a programme of archaeological mitigation recording in advance of construction work to extend the Victoria Methodist Church, Keynsham, Bath and North East Somerset (Fig. 1).

1.2 This document provides an assessment of the evidence recovered from the excavation and watching brief and proposes a programme of post-excavation analysis to bring the site to publication.

2. LOCATION

2.1 The study area lies within the property boundary of the Victoria Methodist Church, on the corner of High Street and Charlton Road (NGR ST 6539 6868). The modern ground surface lies at approximately 26m OD.

2.2 The underlying solid geology of the site consists of Blue and White Lias of the Lower Jurassic period.

3. CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE EXCAVATION

3.1 The development site lies within an area of high archaeological importance. Keynsham was an important medieval market town believed to have been founded in the ninth century. It is thought the original Saxon settlement may represent some continuity with the Roman occupation, evidenced by the large

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number of Roman buildings, immediately to the north of the town at NGR ST 6450 6925.

3.2 There is little surviving archaeological or documentary evidence of the Saxon settlement, although it is thought a Saxon church or Minster was founded in Keynsham. Keynsham is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086.

3.3 The Augustinian Abbey of Keynsham was founded in 1166, the Abbey precinct encompassed much of the north-eastern quarter of the medieval town (centred on NGR ST 6558 6879). In 1539 the Abbey was dissolved. It remains unresolved whether the parish church of St John Baptist was already in existence at the date of the Abbey’s foundation. The earliest part of the present church is the thirteenth century-chancel (Leech 1975).

3.4 The granting of a market and fair in 1303 by Edward I indicates the increasing prosperity and development of Keynsham. The establishment of the very straight High Street/Temple Street and the regular tenement plots perpendicular to this road indicates a planned rather than piecemeal development of the town.

3.5 Cartographic evidence from the 1840 Tithe Apportionment map indicates the study area itself was occupied by a number of buildings, possibly cottages, fronting both the High Street and Charlton Street (formerly known as Dane’s Street). These buildings were demolished in advance of the construction of the present Victoria Methodist Church, which opened in 1887.

3.6 Limited archaeological investigations have been undertaken within the medieval core of Keynsham, with recent rescue excavations concentrating upon the Roman villa and medieval Abbey. However, two modern assessments to the rear of properties in both Temple Street (Parry 1993) and Back Lane (Mumford 1993) suggest medieval and post-medieval archaeological deposits survive to a high level of preservation within the historic core of the town.

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4. ORIGINAL OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGIES

4.1 In the CAT project design the following objectives were stated:

(i) To preserve the archaeological deposits by record in advance of their destruction through development; to place this information within its local, regional and national context.

(ii) To assess the possibility of Romano-British deposits extending into the area

(iii) To assess the nature of any Anglo-Saxon or medieval activity which predates the planned medieval town

(iii) To assess the extent, nature and function of the planned medieval tenements, in particular the evidence for any shift of settlement in the earlier to later medieval settlement

(iv) To assess the survival and extent of the early post-medieval settlement.

4.2 In view of the archaeological potential of the site, a staged mitigation strategy was proposed as a condition of planning approval. The on-site methodologies used to recover this evidence were set out in section 4 of the CAT project design. At the end of each stage a review meeting was held with Mr R. Sydes, Archaeological Officer, Bath and North East Somerset Council, to assess the need for further archaeological recording. For the purpose of the mitigation strategy, the site was divided into two separate areas where differing phases of work occurred.

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Area 1 The Crèche Area

4.3 The Crèche Area was subject to an initial evaluation, comprising the excavation of a 1.5m by 1.5m archaeological test-pit. The test-pit was hand excavated to the top of the archaeological resource, which was then subject to a review stage, whereby an archaeological watching brief was required during the subsequent groundworks for a proposed footing trench.

Area 2 The Counselling Room and Dais

4.4 After the removal of the paving slabs within the area of the Counselling Room, excavation continued by hand to the top of the archaeological resource. Archaeological levels were cleaned and planned subject to a review stage, whereby full excavation of the area of the Counselling Rooms was required. Due to a change in the construction methods of the dais, whereby no intrusive groundworks were necessary, no archaeological work was undertaken in this area.

4.5 All work was undertaken in accordance with the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Watching Briefs; Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation; and the Draft Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Excavations all issued by the Institute of Field Archaeologists; and the Management of Archaeological Projects, 1991 (MAP 2) issued by English Heritage. All archaeological deposits were recorded in accordance with CAT Technical Manual 1 Field Recording Manual (1996). A full written, drawn and photographic record was kept during the programme of works.

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5. MITIGATION RESULTS

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 The following account presents a brief summary of the results of the excavation and watching brief following initial analysis of the site records and artefactual evidence.

5.2 Romano-British period.

5.2.1 No deposits or stray artefacts of Romano-British date were revealed within the study area.

5.3 Anglo-Saxon period

5.3.1 No deposits or stray artefacts of Anglo-Saxon origin were revealed within the study area.

5.4 Medieval period (Phase 1)(Fig. 2)

5.4.1 The first phase of activity is represented by the one surviving course of wall (102). The wall was orientated broadly north to south, aligned parallel to the High Street. It was constructed of unbonded, three part dressed sandstone, with a rubble core. The wall was equally faced on both sides. There was evidence of a threshold through the wall. Shallow subrectangular cut [124] respected the alignment of the wall and threshold, and may represent an internal division within the medieval property. The undiagnostic nature of the pottery retrieved from beneath wall (102) and from feature [124] prohibits accurate dating of the features, except as late medieval.

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5.4.2 Within the crèche area, the remnant of an east to west aligned wall (019) may broadly be assigned to the medieval period (Fig. 6).

5.5 Post-medieval period (Phase 2) (Fig. 3)

5.5.1 Post-medieval activity dominates the archaeological record of the study area. Artefactual evidence, including the pottery and clay tobacco pipes, suggests continuous modifications to the site from the sixteenth century through to the construction of the present church in 1887.

5.5.2 A series of stone-lined and capped drainage runs, [128] and [147] were evident west of wall (102). The medieval wall had partially been demolished along the alignment of the main east-west drainage artery, [121], which flowed towards the High Street. A contemporary phase of wall (130), incorporating smaller sandstone blocks and half bricks, was subsequently rebuilt within footing trench [131].

5.5.3 Stonelined drain [147], the west of the wall, was later replaced with a similarly constructed, though smaller gauge drain [128] built within the original drainage run.

5.5.4 Further evidence for the survival of the original medieval wall (102) into the post-medieval period is evidenced by repairs to a cobbled surface within the original threshold (153).

5.5.5 To the east of wall (102), a sequence of clay and mortar surfaces (113), (112), (111), and (110) was revealed, culminating in flagged sandstone surface (109) (see Fig. 5).

5.5.6 Within the crèche area a small subcircular pit [015] was revealed above wall (019).

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5.6 Construction of present church (1887) to date (phase 3) (Fig. 4)

5.6.1 Deposits (103), (104) and (105) are representative of demolition and construction debris associated with the building of the present church.

5.6.2 Small subcircular pit [106] was revealed cutting demolition debris (103).

5.6.3 Modern service trenches [116] and [164] appear to be restricted to the southern extent of the study area, but have impacted upon the archaeological resource, most notably wall (019) within the crèche area. Sub- square/rectangular pit [114] post-dates the backfilling of service trench [116].

5.7 Discussion

5.7.1 The medieval activity remains difficult to date beyond a broadly late medieval origin due to the small assemblage of pottery retrieved from within wall (102). However, the orientations of both wall (102) and (019), aligned parallel and perpendicular respectively, to the High Street suggest they were constructed during or after the planned development of the town. Walls (102) and (019) are therefore interpreted as an outer wall of a medieval building and its associated tenement boundary respectively. The possible internal division [124] within the property suggests wall (102) represents the rear wall of the medieval building.

5.7.2 It has been suggested that the earliest elements of the planned town were to the west of High Street, between Charlton Street and Carpenter’s Lane (Leech 1975), which would place the study area within the initial phase of development. However, the date for the establishment of the planned development of the town remains unclear.

5.7.3 The medieval building continues in use throughout the post-medieval period as evidenced by the repair to the original medieval threshold, possibly as late as the eighteenth century. The endemic drainage runs established in the early

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post-medieval period to the west of wall (102) further suggest this wall represents the rear of the property. Such an hypothesis is given further credence by the survival of rough clay surfacing, superseded by sandstone flagstones, which may be interpreted as internal floor surfaces, to the east of the wall.

6. NATURE OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL ARCHIVE

6.1 The archaeological archive for the site consists of the following elements:

Context sheets:184 Plans:5 Sections:3 B & W photos:36 Colour slides:36

The following context types were represented:

Structural elements Surfaces Pits Postholes Fills Layers

6.2 Following the completion of the excavation an ordered, indexed and internally consistent site archive was compiled in accordance with Appendix 3 of The Management of Archaeological Projects (English Heritage). Appropriate primary archive material, and copies of written material will be forwarded to the SMR in a digitised format. A photo CD of key images

13 Victoria Methodist Church, High Street, Keynsham: Post Excavation Assessment

revealed during the course of the fieldwork will also be forwarded to the SMR.

7. ARTEFACTUAL EVIDENCE

7.1 General

7.1.1 All finds collected during the excavation have been cleaned, quantified and catalogued. The following section summarises the results of the assessment of the artefacts and proposes requirements for further work.

7.2 Pottery by Dr J.Timby

7.2.1 The excavation at the Methodist Church, Keynsham produced a small assemblage of medieval and Post-medieval wares. In total 102 sherds were recovered, 1250g from 17 excavated contexts. The material was briefly scanned to assess its likely date range.

7.2.2 The group is very much dominated by post-medieval wares dating from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. Of particular note are several sherds of imported German stoneware including a Cologne-Frechen ware jug decorated with an applied leaf and medallion bearing a human head from (139). Such vessels were imported in the second to third quarter of the sixteenth century. Other wares include various miscellaneous fragments of china, tin glazed wares and glazed red earthenware, along with one sherd of Tudor Green and two pieces of a ?Cistercian ware jug. Devon gravel-tempered ware was also present in (139).

7.2.3 The medieval wares include the rim of a plain, quartz sand-tempered cooking pot from (154), an unglazed micaceous ware from (154) and (125), and a few

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small sherds of green glazed jug, possibly Ham Green, from (108), (125) and (142).

Assessment of potential for further analysis

Archive: produce a full archive quantified by context in terms of fabric, form, decoration and any other relevant characteristics. Analysis: identify fabrics. The medieval wares in particular require more detailed assessment to consider whether chronological refinement is possible. Report: A summary report will be compiled for publication, accompanied by illustrations of approximately 6 sherds.

Catalogue

Context Fabrics Wgt No Date range 005 GRE, SLDEC 29 2 18TH + 009 COL/FRE, GRE 39 2 16-17TH 016 PMQTZ 38 1 ?17-19TH 103 TGL, YBW, SLDEC, STW 340 28 18-19TH 105 TGL, CH, GRE, YBW, GSTW 134 12 18-19TH 108 GRGL 10 1 ?13-15TH 117 GRGL 36 2 ?Late medieval 119 GSTW, CIST, GRE 79 9 17TH + 125 TUGR, GRGL, MMIC, MQTZ 79 8 15-16TH 129 GRGL 3 1 ?Late medieval 130 GRE 35 2 18TH + 132 TGL, GRE 157 4 ?17-18TH 136 RW 15 2 ?Late medieval 139 COL/FRE, CIST, TGL, GRE, CH 219 21 mid 16-19TH 142 GRGL 1 3 Medieval 154 MQTZ, MMIC 16 3 Medieval 155 BRGL 20 1 ?18TH +

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KEY GRE glazed red earthenware SLDEC slip decorated earthenware COL/FRE Cologne-Frechen stoneware GSTW German stoneware PMQTZ post-medieval miscellaneous sandy ware TGL tin glazed ware CH miscellaneous china YBW yellow glazed buff ware TUGR Tudor Green RW miscellaneous red earthenware CIST Cistercian ware MQTZ coarse sandy ware MMIC micaceous plain ware BRGL brown glazed ware GRGL green glazed ware

7.3 Clay Tobacco Pipes by Marek Lewcun

7.3.1 The excavation at the Methodist Church, Keynsham yielded a total of forty- one pipe fragments. The vast majority are relatively small pieces of stem, and consequently not particularly diagnostic with regard to accurate dating. Nevertheless, broad criteria have been applied to narrow down the date brackets as far as is possible with such items. These criteria are a combination of stem bore diameter, thickness, and periodic surface finishing trends coupled with Keynsham’s location between the two primary production and styling centres at Bristol and the north-east Somerset villages. Three bowl fragments are present, each quite fragmentary but of sufficient size to facilitate a relatively accurate date given the absence of any makers marks on the surviving portions. There is one complete bowl, dating to the early seventeenth century and surviving complete as is commonly the case with the smaller and more robust pipes of that period. The heel of the bowl is stamped with a small rosette motif, and similar examples have been recovered from the Bristol area, its most likely place of manufacture.

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Assessment of potential for further analysis

Little further work will be required. Therefore a site archive will be produced and a short summary and illustration of the complete bowl together with the stamp at a scale of 1:1 prepared for publication.

Catalogue

Context Dates Qty Description 009 1620-1670 1 Stem 016 1620-1670 1 Stem, crudely formed 103 1620-1640 1 Bowl, with heel stamped rosette motif 1630-1660 1 Stem 1630-1700 3 Stems 1700-1800 3 Stems 1720-1750 1 Bowl portion & associated stem 105 1700-1840 2 Stems 117 1620-1670 1 Stem 122 1600-1650 1 Stem 123 1600-1650 1 Stem 1620-1670 2 Stems 1660-1690 2 Bowl portions and associated stems 1700-1850 1 Stem 129 1760-1900 1 Bowl portion and associated stem 130 1640-1700 1 Stem 1690-1800 1 Stem 139 1630-1700 3 Stems 1690-1750 4 Stems 1700-1800 5 Stems 1700-1900 5 Stems

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7.4 Animal Bone by Mark Maltby

7.4.1 The animal bone is mostly very fragmentary with little identifiable to species. There is some evidence of butchery in the form of chopping or knife marks on some rib ends and longbones. Otherwise the material represents non-food waste such as cranial, vertebrae and mandible fragments.

Assessment of potential for further analysis

Archive: produce a full archive quantified by context. Analysis: further analysis of the bones from medieval contexts (125) and (154) to assess if the assemblage will yield further data with regard the palaeoeconomy of the site. Report: A summary report will be compiled for publication, no illustrations are necessary.

Catalogue

Context No Species Anat Frag Butchery Comments 103 1 Bos pelvis 1 1 Ovis phalange 4 1 ?Bos pelvis 1 117 2 UNM rib 1 1 UNM frag 1 119 1 UNM ulna 2 3 UNM frags 1 3 UNM rib 1 YR 1 Bos tooth 123 1 UNM rib 1 1 ?UNM humerus 5 1 ?Bird LF 5 125 1 LM vertebrae 4 1 Bos tibia 1 C

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1 Sus phalange 5 2 UNM cranium 1 1 Sus calcaneus 2 1 Ovis humerus 1 CR 5 UNM ribs 2 1 Bos mandible 1 2 UNM LB frags 1 1 UNM vertebrae 2 1 Ovis tooth 5 1 Bos mandible 1 2 UNM frag 1 1 UNM ulna 2 136 3 UNM vertebra 1 1 LB frag 1 C 6 UNM ribs 1 139 1 SAR rib 1 YR 1 UNM radius 4 1 UNM mandible 1 1 Equus incisor 5 154 18 UNM frags 1 1 UNM humerus 5 1 UNM tibia 2 2 UNM vertebra 1 2 Ovis humerus 1 Distal end

Key

UNM unidentified mammal SAR unidentified sheep-sized mammal LB longbone fragment FRAG unidentified fragments

1-5 fragmentation codes: 1: <25%; 2: 25-50%; 3: 50-75%; 4: 75-9%; 5: 95-100%

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Y superficial butchery R method repeated C chopped

7.5 Metal by Emma Harrison

7.5.1 A small group of metal objects, primarily consisting of nails (10 Fe and 2 Cu alloy), were recovered from post-medieval and modern drainage runs and demolition debris. The majority of the iron work is heavily corroded. The copper alloy finds also include a dressmakers pin, ring fragment and penny. Two fragments of lead sheet were also recovered.

Assessment of potential for further analysis

No further analysis or illustration is required. Therefore a site archive will be produced and a short summary prepared for publication.

Catalogue

Context Qty Description 009 1 Lead sheet fragment 103 2 Fe bars 1 Fe strap with 3 nail holes and a loop 2 Cu alloy nails 105 2 Fe nails and 1 possible nail fragment 113 1 Cu alloy penny, George III 117 1 Triangular lead sheet 119 1 Cu alloy dressmakers pin 1 Cu alloy ring fragment 6 Fe nails and 4 fragments, 2 with fragments of wood attached 139 1 Fe nail 1 Unidentified fragment

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5 Slag fragments

7.6 Glass by Emma Harrison

7.6.1 The majority of the glass sherds are from wine bottles. Also present is one small window glass sherd and a group of sherds from a small vessel. All sherds are from post-medieval deposits, notably from the stonelined drains.

Assessment of potential for further analysis

No further analysis or illustration is required. Therefore a site archive will be produced and a short summary prepared for publication.

Catalogue

Context Qty Description 103 2 Green bottle sherds 105 4 Green bottle sherds 129 3 Joining and 1 other wine bottle base sherds 1 Green bottle neck and 2 body sherds 1 1 window glass sherd 139 25 Small, thin, clear vessel glass sherds Decorated with white painted lines

7.6 Building material by Emma Harrison

7.6.1 The majority of building material consists of machine-cut roof tile fragments. Also present are 4 brick fragments and a small quantity of plaster. Among the plaster fragments are 6 with traces of red and blue paint. All artefacts are from post-medieval and modern contexts, the plaster in particular is largely derived from modern service trenches.

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Assessment of potential for further analysis

No further analysis or illustration is required. Therefore a site archive will be produced and a short summary prepared for publication.

Catalogue

Context Qty Description 009 2 Joining roof tile fragments 103 6 Roof tile fragments 1 Brick fragment 1 Stone ?roof tile fragment 105 1 Roof tile fragment 1 Plaster fragment 108 1 Glazed ceramic drain fragment 117 1 Glazed tile fragment 7 Plaster fragments, 3 with traces of red paint 130 5 Roof tile fragments 3 Brick fragments 159 4 Roof tile fragments 2 Plaster fragment 163 4 Roof tile fragments 10 Plaster fragments, 3 with traces of blue paint

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7.7 Shell by Emma Harrison The majority of the shell was retrieved from post-medieval and modern contexts, notably drainage runs, with the exception of the five mussel shells retrieved from (154) beneath medieval wall (102).

Assessment of potential for further analysis

No further analysis or illustration is required. Therefore a site archive will be produced and a short summary prepared for publication.

Catalogue

Context Qty Description 103 1 Oyster shell 117 1 Oyster shell 119 1 Oyster shell 2 Mussel shell 136 1 Oyster shell 139 1 Oyster shell 154 5 Mussel shells

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8. STATEMENT OF POTENTIAL

8.1 The results of the archaeological mitigation work can now be assessed against the original objectives set out in the project design. The preliminary findings indicate medieval and post-medieval occupation within the study area.

8.2 The restrictive nature of the mitigation work, and consequently of the stratigraphic and artefactual archive, is identified as a limiting factor in enabling the project to fulfil all of the original objectives set out in 4.1 above.

8.3 However, it is anticipated that further analysis of the medieval pottery may enable more precise dating of the medieval building. Further work on the assemblage of medieval animal bone may also provide information indicative of the palaeoeconomy of the site. This information will be supported by cartographic evidence indicative of the planning of the medieval town, analysis of the relationship between the medieval/post-medieval building(s) with the adjacent upstanding building (presently a wine merchants), and an analysis of the socio-economic history of the excavated buildings.

9. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Built Heritage Group, Bath and North East Somerset Council 1997 Design Brief for Archaeological Mitigation

Cotswold Archaeological Trust 1997 Project Design: Archaeological Recording, Victoria Methodist Church, Keynsham, Bath and North East Somerset.

Leech, R 1975 Small Medieval Towns in Avon. CRAAGS Survey No 1

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10. PROPOSALS FOR POST-EXCAVATION ANALYSIS

Objectives

To produce a coherent synthesised report on the site and artefacts for early dissemination via an academic article in Bristol and Avon Archaeology

To ensure that the project archive if fully ordered and indexed, and of a satisfactory standard to be deposited with the Roman Baths Museum, Bath.

List of tasks to complete project

TASK NAME DAYS A1 Project Management and liaison DE 2

B Pre-analysis tasks-Stratigraphic B1 Stratigraphic analysis CB 1

C1 Prepare briefs for finds reports EH 0.5

D Finds Reports D1 Pottery JT 2.0 D2 Clay tobacco pipes ML 0.5 D3 Building material TBA 0.5 D4 Animal bone MM 1.0 D5 Metalwork EH 0.25 D6 Glass EH 0.25 D7 Shell EH 0.25 D8 Edit Finds Report TBA 1.0 D9 Revision EH 0.5

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E Structural Report E1 Introduction CB 0.5 E2 Romano-British/Anglo-Saxon CB 0.5 E3 Medieval CB 1.0 E4 Post-medieval CB 1.5 E5 Modern CB 0.25 E6 Edit structural report TBA 1 E7 Revisions CB 0.5

F Illustrations F1 Structural illustrations PM 2 F2 Finds illustrations PM 1

G Discussion G1 Prepare text CB 1 G2 Editing TBA 0.5 G3 Revisions CB 0.5

H Editing H1 Academic editing TBA 1.5 H2 Final revisions CB 0.5

I Archive I1 Order archive for CD rom/microfilm EH 0.5 I2 Deposit archive EH 0.5

Key to contributors CB Clifford Bateman, CAT DE Dawn Enright, CAT EH Emma Harrison, CAT JT Jane Timby, Specialist Consultant MM Mark Maltby, Bournemouth University PM Peter Moore, CAT

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TBA To be advised

11. SYNOPSIS FOR PROPOSED REPORT

11.1 Title:

Excavation along the Frontage of the Victoria Methodist Church, the High Street, Keynsham, Bath and North-East Somerset

11.2 Summary Composition of Report:

11.2.1 The report will consist of between 5000 and 6000 words with 5 to 8 illustrations, and 4 plates/tables

Section Words Fig. No Pl/Tab Abstract 150 List of illustrations 1. Introduction 1.1 Project Background 250 1 1.2 Archaeological Background 300 2. Results 2.1 The Excavation 250 2 2.2 Stratigraphic analysis 350 2.3 Romano-British/Anglo-Saxon 50 2.4 Medieval 500 3 1 2.5 Post-medieval 750 4 2 2.6 Modern 250 5 3. Finds 3.1 Pottery 650 6 3 3.2 Clay Tobacco pipe 250 7 4

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3.3 Building material 150 3.4 Animal bone 250 3.5 Metalwork 100 3.6 Glass 50 3.7 Shell 50 4. Discussion 1250 5. Bibliography 350 6. Acknowledgements 100

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Fig. 1 Location plan

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Fig. 2 Phase 1 (medieval)

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Fig. 3 Phase 2 (post-medieval)

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Fig. 4 Phase 3 (Construction of church - to date)

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Fig. 5 Section

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Fig. 6 Plan of evaluation test-pit

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