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Boletín En Versión MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL BOLETIN MINISTERIO DE EDUCACION - DIRECCION DE 34BIBLIOTECAS ARCHIVOS Y MUSEOS - SANTIAGO DE CHILE - 1 9 7 5 BOLETIN DEL MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL N? 34 (1975) Director: Dra. GRETE MOSTNY G. Fono 90011 - Casilla 787 - Santiago - Chile Comité Editor: Proís, JAIME RAMIREZ B. y NIBALDO BAHAMONDE N. con la colaboración del Prof. DANIEL FRASSINETTI Se ofrece y se acepta canje. Exchange with similar publications is desired. On désire l’échange avec des publications congénères. Wir bitten uni Austauch mit aehnlichen Fachzeitschriften. Si desidera il cambio colle publicazioni congeneri. Deseja-se a permuta com as publicacôes congénères. VOLUMEN SEGUNDO DEL HOMENAJE A DON CLAUDIO GAY (Decreto N? 1649 de 31 de octubre de 1973) 1,— M u»eo. © Biblioteca Nacional Santiago - Chile Impreso en la Escuela Industiial Superior de Artes Gráficas Florencia 1442 - San Miguel / Chile MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL^ i BOLETIN 54 SUMARIO M élica M u ñ o z Sc h ic k A ntonio M artínez y Gerónimo de Bibar, notable observa- Luis E. P eñ a G. dor naturalista en la alborada de Notas SQbre el génerQ Drascal¡a PAIR_ la C o n Q u is ta ........................................... 5 MAIRE y GERMAIN, 1864 (Coleóp­ tera, Cerambycidae, Phlyctaenodi- RenÉ Covarrubias B. n i ) 59 Nota sobre la fauna edàfica aerobion- te en el BosQue Clímax de la Isla A m erico G ordon Más a Tierra (Archipiélago Juan Informe sobre la excavación de una Fernández, C h i l e ) ...............................29 sepultura en Loncoche, Chile . 63 José N. Arenas Elizabeth Barrera M. y Desarrollo larvario de Elminius Kingii Miguel Rancusi H. GRAY (Crustacea, Cirripedia) . 39 ... Análisis palmologico de algunos taxa i? n de Pteridophyta del Archipiélago de „ , AMPOS, Juan Fern4ndez 69 R ene C ovarrubias y C arlos V ivar G uacolda A tri a G . Datos cuantitativos sobre la fauna Una nueva especie de Argulus: A. edàfica aerobionte en el BosQue de araucanus n. sp. (Crustacea, Bran- Vilches (Provincia de Talca, Chile) 49 chiura, Argulidae) ..........81 Pedro J. Hernández P., f ' " " Juan Moroni B. Elenco sistemático de los Coleópteros A lejandro T roncoso A . y Lathridiidae de Chile y su distribu­ Valeria AzcÁrate M. ción ......................................................177 Análisis de la cutícula foliar de Nothofagus antarctica (FORST.) G . P ino OERST........................................................87 Los Tábanos de Chile (Díptera: Ta- banidae) 5. Las especies estudiadas por E. BLANCHARD en la “Historia Juan Moroni B. Física y Política de Chile”, de Catálogo sistemático de las especies de CLAUDIO G A Y ....................................181 Derméstidos detectadas en Chile y su distribución geográfica (Coleóp­ G . P ino tera, D erm estidae)................................101 Les Tábanos de Chile (Díptera: Ta- banidae) 6. Elenco sistemático pre­ Jorge Iribarren C harlin liminar ......................................................187 Ocupación inca de Atacamá y Co­ Patricio D rouilly Quimbo ................................................111 Adiciones al Catálogo de las Aves C h i l e n a s ................................................ 197 E ugenia Sa n h u eza , G uillermo W . M an n W ilcke N ibaldo Bah am onde y Observaciones sobre el estado actual M ajrÍa T . L ópez de algunos representantes de fauna Petro’.isthes granulosos (GUERIN) en y flora en el ParQue Nacional Juan biocenosis supramareales de El Tabo F e r n á n d e z .......................................... 207 (Crustacea Decapoda, Anomura) . 121 Daniel Frassinetti F rancisco SÁiz El género Artemis en la Colección da Fósiles Terciarios y Cuartarios de Coleópteros epigeós del ParQue Nacio­ R. A. Philippi (1887) ........................ 217 nal “Fray Jorge”. Aspectos ecológi­ cos y biogeográficos ........................137 Germán PeQueño R. Peces del crucero "Merluza V” efec­ Igor Solar A rroyo tuado con el B/C “Carlos Darwin” Relaciones alométricas en aves ma­ entre Corral y CoQuimbo. Enero- rinas .................... i ..... 173 febrero de 1970 .............................. 227 fioi. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Chile 34: 5-27 1975. Gerónimo de Bibar, notable observador naturalista en la alborada de La Conquista M é l ic a M u ñ o z S c h i c k * La inteligente iniciativa de GUILLERMO FELIU CRUZ de publicar “Crónica y relación copiosa y verdadera de los Reynos de Chile” por GERONIMO DE BIBAR, manuscrito hecho entre 1539 y 1558, a pocos años del descubrimiento de nuestro país, me ha permitido reflexionar sobre las plantas útiles al hombre en los orígenes mismos de nuestra historia y en la atinada observación biológica de nuestros recursos naturales renovables, Que en ella se hace. En efecto, la transcripción paleográfica del Prof. IRVING A. LEONARD, se­ gún el manuscrito original de propiedad de The Newberry Library, Chicago, 111., USA., publicado hace unos años por el Fondo Histórico y Bibliográfico José Toribio Medina en .1966, ofrece una oportunidad única para conocer la primera infor­ mación sobre las plantas nativas e introducidas y cultivadas en los primeros años de la vida de la nación. El hecho de Que este importante manuscrito haya permanecido por más de 400 años alejado de la consulta de cronistas e historia­ dores lo hace aparecer hoy de un extraordinario valor, ya Que en esa época era escasa y ambigua la información sobre la historia natural dei país. Es así como “La Araucana”, de ALONSO DE ERCILLA Y ZUÑIGA, famoso poema épico del cual celebramos ya un nuevo centenario, no contiene, como era de desear, la información botánica adecuada. Será indispensable entonces conocer e investi­ gar en la personalidad y antecedentes humanistas y científicos de GERONIMO DE BIBAR, Que ha impactado tan seriamente con su paleografía, en atinadas y precisas observaciones biológicas. He leído en su totalidad esta importante obra, tan magníficamente trans­ crita y, al hacerlo, he analizado en detalle las notables observaciones o acota­ ciones Que él hizo sobre nuestra flora. Para proceder a su estudio, he anotado • tag. Agrónomo, Investigador Jefe Sección Botánica, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural. 6 BOLETIN DEL MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL la frase o parte de la oración original y colocado a continuación la interpreta ción de sus observaciones al anotar el nombre científico moderno de la especie Que él analiza. Para una mejor comprensión, he indicado también la posición geográfica, agregado palabras Que faciliten su contenido, como también corre­ gido, cuando era necesario, la errada transcripción al castellano, todo lo cua] he colocado entre paréntesis cuadrado. Al presentar esta contribución al conocimiento original de numerosas plantas observadas, deseo destacar algunos aspectos de su estudio, Que me parece opor­ tuno hacer notar, en atención al valioso contingente de información Que este notable cronista analiza en su manuscrito. GERONIMO DE BIBAR indica Que el trigo (Triticum aestivum) fue traído y sembrado en el país por RODRIGO DE ARAYA, hecho Que no menciona CLAU­ DIO GAY (1865). Lo mismo ocurre con la introducción de la vid (Vitis vinifera), cuyo primer vino lo atribuye también a ARAYA, hecho Q.ue tampoco lo indica GAY (1865), ni PEDRO DE VALDIVIA lo reconoce asi en sus “Cartas”. Como es naltural y lógico, le llaman la atención en América los representan­ tes de la familia de las Cactáceas, Que eran ajenas al Viejo Mundo. Las describe con agudeza y precisión. Se pronuncia con claridad y buen sentido scbre el chañar (Geoffroea decorti- cans), el algarrobo (Prosopis chilensis), sobre la Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), sobre el espino (Acacia caven), el canelo (Drimys winteri), el maQui (Aiistotelia chilensis), el molle (Schinus latifolius), etc. De interés también resultan los nombres vernáculos, hoy 'totalmente perdidos, de “cabuya majalan” (Puya chilensis, Puya beiteroniana), “pique-pique” (Diposis bulbocastanum) y “neguey” (Cactacea). Valiosas son las observaciones sobre el consumo Que los nativos hacían de los bulbos y cormos de plantas Monocotiledóneas, Que él llama “cebolletas”, co­ mo lahui (Alophia lahue), nao (Oonanthera bifolia), tahay (Calidorea xiphioi- des); etc. De gran valor son las detalladas descripciones del pehuén (Araucaria arau­ cana), del avellano (Gevuina aveUana), y la palma (Jubaea chiensis), Que per­ miten identificar con facilidad 1a entidad específica botánica conforme a la ta­ xonomía moderna. Extraordinaria es la observación Que se hace del segundo cereal americano, el mango o magu (Bromus mango), hoy desaparecido del cultivo y otrora base de la alimentación del hombre nativo (MUÑOZ 1944), al cual extiende su área de cultivo hasta la provincia de Aysén. También indica Que el madi o made (Madia sativa) se empleaba en esa época como aceite y alimento. Finalmente, es admirable la precisión anotada para el área de distribución geográfica del Queule (Gomortega keule), el Que, como se sabe, se encuentra circunscrito a una región bien delimitada y restringida, y constituye una fa­ milia endémica y monotípica de nuestro país (MUÑOZ 1971). l a m i n a i Frontispicio del manuscrito original ele G. BIBAR Que aparece en la transcripción paleogróíica de I. A. LEONARD. BOLETIN DEL MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATÜRAL INTERPRETACION CIENTIFICA DE LOS NOMBRES VERNACULARES, INDICANDO LA PAGINA EN QUE SE MENCIONAN Pág. 9 [odres de cuero de camero Que usan los indios entre el valle de Tarapacá y Atacama] El pelo adentro hínchenle de agua y, por Quitar el mar (sic) sabor del agua, échanle harina de “maíz” tostado. Zea mays L. 10 [españoles en busca de los alimentos Que les escondían los indiosl Son tan diestros muchos de ellos en buscar y otros Que su ventura lo lle­ va donde hay “maíz” y de él cargan y vienen muy contentos y aborreci­ dos todos los trabajos. Zea mays L. 11 [balsas Que usan desde el valle de Arica hasta el valle de (Co)Quimbo] Y cosen de esta suerte las costuras: toman las dos junturas del cuero o canto y ponen muchas púas juntas de espinas de “cardones” Que son tan gruesas como agujas de ensalmar y muy recias; Trichocereus sp. De la sangre del lobo y de resina de los “cardones” y de barro bermejo hacen una manera de betún Que suple por alQuitrán ceto (excepto?) ser colorado; Trichocereus sp.
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