Antarctica 0 1000 Miles 30ºW 0º CAPE TOWN SOUTH AFRICA Tristan Da AFRICA Cunha Group 40ºS 30ºE O C E a N Gough Island

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0 2000 km Antarctica 0 1000 miles 30ºW 0º CAPE TOWN SOUTH AFRICA Tristan da AFRICA Cunha Group 40ºS 30ºE O C E A N Gough Island A T L A N T I C Grytviken, South Georgia Historic whaling station, excellent museum 50ºS North Coast, South Georgia Meet macaroni, gentoo and king penguins Prince Bouvetøya Edward AntarcticIslands Deception Island Sail inside a restless volcano Convergence South 60ºS South Sandwich Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station Îles Georgia Islands 90° South: the Earth’s Crozet extreme Shag 60ºE Rocks Charlotte Bay & Cuverville Island S O U T H E R N Cruise by icebergs and Antarctic 60ºW Circle South a gentoo rookery Stanley Orkney Haakon VII Sea Falkland Islands Islands 70ºS O C E A N SOUTH AMERICA Paradise Harbor Îles Queen Maud Kerguelen South Zodiac cruises around Land ARGENTINA Shetland magical icebergs Enderby Ushuaia Islands Land McDonald Punta Graham Larsen Weddell Islands Arenas Land Ice Shelf Sea Coats Land Drake Filchner Heard Island CHILE Passage Adelaide Palmer Ice Shelf Mac.Robertson Land Land Island Berkner Lambert Amery Alexander Island Island Glacier Ice Shelf Ronne Gamburtsev Princess Pole of Maximum (Subglacial)Mountains Ice Inaccessibility Elizabeth Land Shelf Bellingshausen Vestfold Sea West Ellsworth Patriot Hills Hills Ice Shelf 90ºW Peter I Øy Geographic 90ºE Land Vinson West Wilhelm II Massif TransSouth Pole Davis Sea (4900m) Antarctica Coast antarctic East Antarctica Port Lockroy Queen Maud Queen Mary Popular station-turned- South Geomagnetic Pole Coast Shackleton 80º35'S, 106º56'E Ice Shelf museum Mount Bunger Hills Amundsen (estimate 2019) Marie Rockefeller Mountains Ross O C E A N Sea Byrd Plateau Ice Shelf ains Land Roosevelt Wilkes Edward VII Island Land Land Ross Bay of Island Dry Valleys Lemaire Channel Whales I N D I A N R o s s S e a Cruise between towering cliffs Victoria Terre and looming icebergs Land Adélie Cape Oates George V Coast 70ºS Land South Magnetic Pole Ross Ice Shelf Adare 64º8'S, 135º55'E Antarctic ConvergenceEpic barrier between (estimate 2019) sea and land Dumont 120ºW Scott d'Urville Island Balleny Sea Islands 60ºS 120ºE McMurdo Station Visit Antarctica’s bustling, S O U T H E R N Cape Denison biggest base Mawson’s dramatic O C E A N windblown huts 50ºS ELEVATION Macquarie Cape Royds P A C I F I C Island 4500m Cape Evans Shackleton’s hut and an 4000m Study Scott’s eerily adélie rookery preserved hut Campbell 3500m Island Auckland 3000m O C E A N Islands Tasmania 2500m 40ºS Antipodes The Snares Hobart 2000m Islands 1500m Stewart Island 1000m Bounty Adelaide 500m Islands 150ºE 0 Melbourne Christchurch NEW ZEALAND AUSTRALIA 150ºW 180º.

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Antarctic Peninsula
Hucke-Gaete, R, Torres, D. & Vallejos, V. 1997c. Entanglement of Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, by marine debris at Cape Shirreff and San Telmo Islets, Livingston Island, Antarctica: 1998-1997. Serie Científica Instituto Antártico Chileno 47: 123-135. Hucke-Gaete, R., Osman, L.P., Moreno, C.A. & Torres, D. 2004. Examining natural population growth from near extinction: the case of the Antarctic fur seal at the South Shetlands, Antarctica. Polar Biology 27 (5): 304–311 Huckstadt, L., Costa, D. P., McDonald, B. I., Tremblay, Y., Crocker, D. E., Goebel, M. E. & Fedak, M. E. 2006. Habitat Selection and Foraging Behavior of Southern Elephant Seals in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract #OS33A-1684. INACH (Instituto Antártico Chileno) 2010. Chilean Antarctic Program of Scientific Research 2009-2010. Chilean Antarctic Institute Research Projects Department. Santiago, Chile. Kawaguchi, S., Nicol, S., Taki, K. & Naganobu, M. 2006. Fishing ground selection in the Antarctic krill fishery: Trends in patterns across years, seasons and nations. CCAMLR Science, 13: 117–141. Krause, D. J., Goebel, M. E., Marshall, G. J., & Abernathy, K. (2015). Novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) population at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Animal Biotelemetry, 3:24. Krause, D.J., Goebel, M.E., Marshall. G.J. & Abernathy, K. In Press. Summer diving and haul-out behavior of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) near mesopredator breeding colonies at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Marine Mammal Science.Leppe, M., Fernandoy, F., Palma-Heldt, S. & Moisan, P 2004. Flora mesozoica en los depósitos morrénicos de cabo Shirreff, isla Livingston, Shetland del Sur, Península Antártica, in Actas del 10º Congreso Geológico Chileno.
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THE POLAR RECORD Editor: L
THE POLAR RECORD Editor: L. M. Forbes. Editorial Committee: B. B. Roberts, G. de Q. Robin, Sir J. M. Wordie Vol. 9 January 1959 No. 61 CONTENTS The Scott Polar Research Institute page 297 ARTICLES : The Canadian Northern Insect Survey, 1947-57. By T. N. Freeman 299 Recent economic developments in northern Quebec and Labrador. By J. Brian Bird . 308 Iron ore in Arctic Europe. By P. A. B. Gethin .... 314 Geodetic survey of northern Canada by shoran trilateration. By Angus C. Hamilton 320 The manuscript collection of the Scott Polar Research Institute. By Ann Savours .......... 331 FIELD WORK: British expedition to Vestspitsbergen, 1956 . • . 336 French expedition to central Greenland, 1956-57 .... 336 British expedition to north-west Greenland, 1957 .... 336 Soviet Arctic expeditions, 1957 337 The Northern Sea Route in 1957 337 Swedish-Finnish-Swiss International Geophysical Year Expedition to Nordaustlandet, 1957-58; and Swedish Expedition to Nordaust- landet, 1958-59: Season 1957-58. ...... 338 Swedish Glaciological Expedition to Nordaustlandet, 1958 . 339 Under-ice crossing of the Arctic basin: U.S.S. Nautilus and U.S.S. Skate, 1958 340 . Arctic Institute Greenland Expedition, 1958 341 British naval hydrographic surveys in the Falkland Islands Depen- dencies, 1956-57 and 1957-58 '. 341 The Australian automatic weather station on Lewis Islet, Wilkes Land 342 Anglo-American physiological team in Ross Dependency, 1957-58 . 343 NOTES : Extension of International Geophysical Year activities into 1959 . 345 Norwegian-Soviet sealing agreement, 1958 ..... 845 Tenth meeting of the International Whaling Commission, 1958 . 349 New Soviet ice-strengthened ships 350 New geographical institute in Siberia 350 ig Pit 296 CONTENTS NOTES (cont.) Soviet organizations concerned with the Antarctic .
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The Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1955-1958
THE COMMONWEALTH TRANS-ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION 1955-1958 HOW THE CROSSING OF ANTARCTICA MOVED NEW ZEALAND TO RECOGNISE ITS ANTARCTIC HERITAGE AND TAKE AN EQUAL PLACE AMONG ANTARCTIC NATIONS A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree PhD - Doctor of Philosophy (Antarctic Studies – History) University of Canterbury Gateway Antarctica Stephen Walter Hicks 2015 Statement of Authority & Originality I certify that the work in this thesis has not been previously submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Elements of material covered in Chapter 4 and 5 have been published in: Electronic version: Stephen Hicks, Bryan Storey, Philippa Mein-Smith, ‘Against All Odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958’, Polar Record, Volume00,(0), pp.1-12, (2011), Cambridge University Press, 2011. Print version: Stephen Hicks, Bryan Storey, Philippa Mein-Smith, ‘Against All Odds: the birth of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1955-1958’, Polar Record, Volume 49, Issue 1, pp. 50-61, Cambridge University Press, 2013 Signature of Candidate ________________________________ Table of Contents Foreword ..................................................................................................................................
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Title, Antarctic Village – No Borders Author, Ann Marie Pena First Published, the Hub Date, March 2007
Title, Antarctic Village – No Borders Author, Ann Marie Pena First published, The Hub Date, March 2007 Bandera Antártida Hacia el sur en el blanco profundo se fundieron los colores del mundo y el silencio se hizo voz y el amor se hizo agua, y el agua se hizo paz y belleza Antártida, Antártida, escuela de humildad de ciencias y,... ecoamistad. Antártida, Antártida, altar de hielo y luz, reserva de agua y paz. Manuscrito en una servilleta Hotel Savoy, Rosario 1992 Antarctica, the end of the world: boasting the most hostile climatic conditions, the coldest place on earth with temperatures reaching -80 °C in winter, the largest frozen desert in the world, continaing 90% of the world's ice (approximately 70% of the world's fresh water), no permanent human residents, and no indigenous population. Yet over 4,000 research scientists from 27 different nations are constantly monintering the ecoszone of this southernmost continent, not to mention the hundreds and thousands of new eco-tourists aboard the cruise ships navigating the Half Moon Island, Whalers Bay, Deception Island, Paradise Harbor, Port Lockroy, Petermann Island. “[…] Vowing one day to venture to these invariably far-flung and often wholly inhospitable lands. Antarctica's treacherous, spiny tendril was one such irresistible location […] Like the bristly tail of some giant, prehistoric sea creature, the Antarctic Peninsula thrusts out past the Antarctic Circle, lunging vainly toward its sibling, the Andes, across the infamous Drake Passage. I'm standing on the bow of a modern ice vessel watching hefty chunks of disintegrating pack ice thud against the hull as we pick our way gingerly through a narrow channel.
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Antarctic Primer
Antarctic Primer By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller Designed by: Olivia Young, Aurora Expeditions October 2018 Cover image © I.Tortosa Morgan Suite 12, Level 2 35 Buckingham Street Surry Hills, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia To anyone who goes to the Antarctic, there is a tremendous appeal, an unparalleled combination of grandeur, beauty, vastness, loneliness, and malevolence —all of which sound terribly melodramatic — but which truly convey the actual feeling of Antarctica. Where else in the world are all of these descriptions really true? —Captain T.L.M. Sunter, ‘The Antarctic Century Newsletter ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 3 CONTENTS I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Guidance for Visitors to the Antarctic Antarctica’s Historic Heritage South Georgia Biosecurity II. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Antarctica The Southern Ocean The Continent Climate Atmospheric Phenomena The Ozone Hole Climate Change Sea Ice The Antarctic Ice Cap Icebergs A Short Glossary of Ice Terms III. THE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Life in Antarctica Adapting to the Cold The Kingdom of Krill IV. THE WILDLIFE Antarctic Squids Antarctic Fishes Antarctic Birds Antarctic Seals Antarctic Whales 4 AURORA EXPEDITIONS | Pioneering expedition travel to the heart of nature. CONTENTS V. EXPLORERS AND SCIENTISTS The Exploration of Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty VI. PLACES YOU MAY VISIT South Shetland Islands Antarctic Peninsula Weddell Sea South Orkney Islands South Georgia The Falkland Islands South Sandwich Islands The Historic Ross Sea Sector Commonwealth Bay VII. FURTHER READING VIII. WILDLIFE CHECKLISTS ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 5 Adélie penguins in the Antarctic Peninsula I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Antarctica is the largest wilderness area on earth, a place that must be preserved in its present, virtually pristine state.
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Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 78/Tuesday, April 23, 2019/Rules
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An Arctic Expedition To
The Association of Former Students of Texas A&M EXPEDITION TO AN ARCTIC Aboard the Exclusively Chartered, Five-Star L’Austral Jan. 28 - Feb. 10, 2020 Howdy, Ags! “Everything wears an aspect of unreality,” Ernest Shackleton wrote. “Icebergs hang upside down in the sky; the land appears as layers of silvery or golden cloud. Cloud‑banks look like land, icebergs masquerade as islands...” Watch as normal human scales and reference points disappear amidst the grandeur of nature in its most pristine form, from extended sunrises that paint the icescape in soft shades of pink to the lingering golden light of the austral summer, where humpback whales, leopard seals and Adélie penguins swim among sparkling turquoise glaciers and glimmering icebergs. Be among the fortunate few to set foot on the continent of Antarctica, and see how its spectacular illuminations reveal the majesty and contrasts of this unique wilderness during your extraordinary 14‑day journey to the bottom of the world. Retrace the sea lanes navigated by storied explorers Shackleton, Amundsen and Scott, inspired to seek out the final frontier of “The White Continent.” Cruise for nine nights aboard the exclusively chartered, Five‑Star, ice‑class L’Austral, one of the finest vessels in Antarctic waters. With private balconies in 95 percent of its ocean‑view accommodations and encompassing state‑of‑the‑art ship design and technology, L’Austral sets the very highest standards in elegance and comfort. The onboard expedition team of naturalists will guide you on excursions aboard sturdy Zodiac craft to satisfy your appetite for exploration amid floating ice sculptures, intricate ecosystems and abundant wildlife, especially penguins and seals that exhibit little or no fear of humans.
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UKPN Committee 2015-2016
UKPN Newsletter 2015-2016 Welcome •Reddit AMA In 2014 – 2015, UKPN continued to represent early career scientists at •ASE Conference key national conferences and Workshop workshops, and kick started what •Antarctica day 2015 seems to be a never-ending series •Future events of outreach events that engaged – Leeds Science different sectors of the public both Festival – Challenger nationally and internationally. We Society continue to grow in our conference •Other news membership, currently at over 600, and represent them through various national committees that pave the UKPN Committee way for the UK’s polar science 2015-2016 strategy. • Co-President – Tun Jan Young (Scott Polar Research Institute/University of Cambridge) We are always looking for more • Co-President- Sammie Buzzard ways to support our early career (University of Reading) researchers and get more of you • Vice-President - Laura Hobbs (Scottish Association for Marine Science) involved in our outreach work too- • Treasurer – Gunnar Mallon (University of feel free to get in touch if you have Sheffield) any ideas or want to know more. • Treasurer- Archana Dayal (University of Sheffield) TJ and Sammie, UKPN Presidents • Secretary – Kyle Mayers (National Oceanography Centre) This issue... • Secretary – Catherine Docherty (University of Birmingham) • Current Committee • Head of Education & Outreach- Jenny Turton (British Antarctic • Sea ice, Shackleton & Science Survey/University of Leeds) • Education & Outreach – • 1ST APECs summit • Madeleine Brasier (Natural History Museum/ University of • UK Arctic Sciences Conference Liverpool/ National Oceanographic Centre) www.polarnetwork.org UKPN Newsletter 2015-2016 – Michelle McCrystall (British Antarctic Survey/University of Cambridge) Again, UKPN and the International Polar – Dwayne Menezes (Human Security Foundation (IPF) teamed up to deliver the Sea Centre) ice, Shackleton and Science project, a series of – Kassandra Reuss-Schmidt three public engagement events at high-profile (University of Sheffield) venues around the UK.
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Public Information Leaflet HISTORY.Indd
British Antarctic Survey History The United Kingdom has a long and distinguished record of scientific exploration in Antarctica. Before the creation of the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), there were many surveying and scientific expeditions that laid the foundations for modern polar science. These ranged from Captain Cook’s naval voyages of the 18th century, to the famous expeditions led by Scott and Shackleton, to a secret wartime operation to secure British interests in Antarctica. Today, BAS is a world leader in polar science, maintaining the UK’s long history of Antarctic discovery and scientific endeavour. The early years Britain’s interests in Antarctica started with the first circumnavigation of the Antarctic continent by Captain James Cook during his voyage of 1772-75. Cook sailed his two ships, HMS Resolution and HMS Adventure, into the pack ice reaching as far as 71°10' south and crossing the Antarctic Circle for the first time. He discovered South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands although he did not set eyes on the Antarctic continent itself. His reports of fur seals led many sealers from Britain and the United States to head to the Antarctic to begin a long and unsustainable exploitation of the Southern Ocean. Image: Unloading cargo for the construction of ‘Base A’ on Goudier Island, Antarctic Peninsula (1944). During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, interest in Antarctica was largely focused on the exploitation of its surrounding waters by sealers and whalers. The discovery of the South Shetland Islands is attributed to Captain William Smith who was blown off course when sailing around Cape Horn in 1819.
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A Review of Inspections Under Article 7 of the Antarctic Treaty and Article 14 of Its Protocol on Environmental Protection, 1959- 2001
º XXVI ATCM Information Paper IP-118-ASOC/UNEP/Rev.1 Agenda Item: ATCM 11 ASOC/UNEP Original: English A REVIEW OF INSPECTIONS UNDER ARTICLE 7 OF THE ANTARCTIC TREATY AND ARTICLE 14 OF ITS PROTOCOL ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, 1959-2001 Madrid, 9/20 de junio 2003 1 XXVI ATCM Information Paper 118/Rev.1 June 2003 Original: English Agenda Item 11 A REVIEW OF INSPECTIONS UNDER ARTICLE 7 OF THE ANTARCTIC TREATY AND ARTICLE 14 OF ITS PROTOCOL ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, 1959- 2001 Submitted to the XXVI ATCM by the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition and the United Nations Environment Programme 2 A REVIEW OF INSPECTIONS UNDER ARTICLE 7 OF THE ANTARCTIC TREATY AND ARTICLE 14 OF ITS PROTOCOL ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, 1959- 2001 I. INTRODUCTION Article VII of the Antarctic Treaty and Article 14 of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty enable Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties to conduct inspections in order to promote the objectives and ensure compliance with the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty and its Protocol. Article VII of the Antarctic Treaty establishes the right of free access for observation and inspection by the Contracting Parties. Observers designed under Article VII (1) “shall have complete freedom of access”, including the conducting of aerial observations, “at any time to any or all areas of Antarctica.” The facilities that may be inspected include “all stations, installations and equipment within those areas, and all ships and aircraft at points of discharging or embarking cargoes or personnel in Antarctica.” Article 14 of the Protocol establishes that Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties “shall arrange, individually or collectively, for inspections by observers to be made in accordance with Article VII of the Antarctic Treaty.” During inspections, observers should be given access to “all parts of stations, installations, equipment, ships and aircraft open to inspection under Article VII of the Antarctic Treaty, and to all records” that are maintained at those facilities in accordance to Protocol requirements.
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Archive Reference AD6/24/1/1.1
Oral History Recording Archive reference AD6/24/1/1.1 This transcript is an edited version of this recording, and is suitable for virtually all reference purposes. Corrections have been entered in footnotes, along with appropriate comments. A monologue by Alan Carroll, Base Leader at Port Lockroy, between 28 November 1954 and 2 March 1957, who subsequently worked at the same location in November- December 2006 on behalf of the United Kingdom Antarctic Heritage Trust. This recording was made at The Language Centre of the University of Oxford. --------------------------------- (00:18) Hello - my name's Alan Carroll and I'm recording this tape at the University of Oxford (from where I officially retired in the autumn of 1998.) I was stationed at Port Lockroy from the end of November 1954 until early March 1957.1 I was a bit of a restless individual in my younger days – I attended Wallingford Grammar School during the latter part of the Second World War, having been evacuated from Ealing in west London before serious bombing started. While I was at Wallingford, I played a lot of rugby and was selected to play for Oxfordshire; I spent holidays messing about with boats on the river and also joined the local Air Training Corps. Towards the end of the war I returned to Ealing, and continued at the Drayton Manor Grammar School where I matriculated, but I didn't want to go to College straight away and so I went to work at the Middlesex Oil & Chemical Laboratory in West Drayton. When I was called up for National Service, I was one of the lucky few who asked for and was selected for aircrew duty.
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Antarctic Peninsula Alongside Ships and Buildings
Setting the agenda in research Comment SHARPSHOOTERS/VW PICS/UIG/GETTY Humans, marine mammals, penguins and other seabirds coexist on the Antarctic Peninsula alongside ships and buildings. Protect the Antarctic Peninsula — before it’s too late Carolyn J. Hogg, Mary-Anne Lea, Marga Gual Soler, Valeri N. Vasquez, Ana Payo-Payo, Marissa L. Parrott, M. Mercedes Santos, Justine Shaw & Cassandra M. Brooks Banning fishing in warming mong the windswept glaciers and This delicate and iconic ecosystem is in peril. icebergs of the western Antarctic The western Antarctic Peninsula (the north- coastal waters and limiting Peninsula is an oasis of life. Threat- ernmost part of the continent) is one of the tourism and construction ened humpback and minke whales fastest-warming places on Earth. In February, on land will help to protect patrol the waters. Fish, squid and temperatures there reached a record 20.75 °C, Aseals swim alongside noisy colonies of with an average daily temperature that was marine mammals and chinstrap, Adélie and gentoo penguins 2 °C higher than the means for the preceding seabirds. on the shore. It’s a complex web of life. All 70 years1. Most of the region’s glaciers are these species feed on small, shrimp-like receding. And sea ice is dwindling — spring crustaceans called Antarctic krill. And many 2016 saw it retreat to the smallest extent since are themselves prey for leopard seals, killer satellite records began in the 1970s. If carbon whales and predatory seabirds such as skuas emissions keep climbing, in 50 years’ time, the and giant petrels. area covered by sea ice will have halved and 496 | Nature | Vol 586 | 22 October 2020 ©2020 Spri nger Nature Li mited.
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