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English Folk Traditions and Changing Perceptions About Black People in England
Trish Bater 080207052 ‘Blacking Up’: English Folk Traditions and Changing Perceptions about Black People in England Submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy by Patricia Bater National Centre for English Cultural Tradition March 2013 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. Trish Bater 080207052 2 Abstract This thesis investigates the custom of white people blacking their faces and its continuation at a time when society is increasingly aware of accusations of racism. To provide a context, an overview of the long history of black people in England is offered, and issues about black stereotypes, including how ‘blackness’ has been perceived and represented, are considered. The historical use of blackface in England in various situations, including entertainment, social disorder, and tradition, is described in some detail. It is found that nowadays the practice has largely been rejected, but continues in folk activities, notably in some dance styles and in the performance of traditional (folk) drama. Research conducted through participant observation, interview, case study, and examination of web-based resources, drawing on my long familiarity with the folk world, found that participants overwhelmingly believe that blackface is a part of the tradition they are following and is connected to its past use as a disguise. However, although all are aware of the sensitivity of the subject, some performers are fiercely defensive of blackface, while others now question its application and amend their ‘disguise’ in different ways. -
Henry Rider Haggard's Nordicism?
Henry Rider Haggard’s Nordicism? When Black Vikings fight alongside White Zulus in South Africa Gilles Teulié To cite this version: Gilles Teulié. Henry Rider Haggard’s Nordicism? When Black Vikings fight alongside White Zulus in South Africa. E-rea - Revue électronique d’études sur le monde anglophone, Laboratoire d’Études et de Recherche sur le Monde Anglophone, 2020, 18.1. hal-03225904 HAL Id: hal-03225904 https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03225904 Submitted on 13 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License E-rea Revue électronique d’études sur le monde anglophone 18.1 | 2020 1. Reconstructing early-modern religious lives: the exemplary and the mundane / 2. Another Vision of Empire. Henry Rider Haggard’s Modernity and Legacy Henry Rider Haggard’s Nordicism? When Black Vikings fight alongside White Zulus in South Africa Gilles TEULIÉ Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/erea/10251 DOI: 10.4000/erea.10251 ISBN: ISSN 1638-1718 ISSN: 1638-1718 Publisher Laboratoire d’Études et de Recherche sur le Monde Anglophone Brought to you by Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) Electronic reference Gilles TEULIÉ, “Henry Rider Haggard’s Nordicism? When Black Vikings fight alongside White Zulus in South Africa”, E-rea [Online], 18.1 | 2020, Online since 15 December 2020, connection on 14 May 2021. -
The Transformation of Elite-Level Association Football in England, 1970 to the Present
1 The Transformation of Elite-Level Association Football in England, 1970 to the present Mark Sampson PhD Thesis Queen Mary University of London 2 Statement of Originality I, Mark Sampson, confirm that the research included within this thesis is my own work or that where it has been carried out in collaboration with, or supported by others, that this is duly acknowledged below and my contribution indicated. Previously published material is also ackn owledged below. I attest that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge break any UK law, infringe any third party’s copyright or other Intellectual Property Right, or contain any confidential material. I accept that the College has the right to use plagiarism detection software to check the electronic version of the thesis. I confirm that this thesis has not been previously submitted for the award of a degree by this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. Signature: M. Sampson Date: 30 June 2016 3 Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to provide the first academic account and analysis of the vast changes that took place in English professional football at the top level from 1970 to the present day. It examines the factors that drove those changes both within football and more broadly in English society during this period. The primary sources utilised for this study include newspapers, reports from government inquiries, football fan magazines, memoirs, and oral histories, inter alia. -
This Report Has Been Prepared by the Armed Forces Covenant Fund Trust for HM Treasury and Is a Review of All Libor Fund Grants Made Between 2012 – 2017
This report has been prepared by the Armed Forces Covenant Fund Trust for HM Treasury and is a review of all Libor Fund Grants made between 2012 – 2017 LIBOR Grants Review This report has been compiled for HM Treasury by the Armed Forces Covenant Fund Trust, which manages the administration and governance of LIBOR grants on behalf of HM Treasury. It provides an update on grants awarded under the LIBOR grants schemes. The government’s LIBOR Scheme totalled £973 million from banking fines received from the Financial Conduct Authority between 2012 and 2015. In 2012, HM Treasury announced that LIBOR fines would be used to support the Armed Forces through the introduction of the £35 million, Armed Forces Covenant Grant Scheme. As the value of income received from fines increased, the government made more announcements relating to additional schemes to which LIBOR funding would be committed. The initial pledge that the money would support Armed Forces charities and good causes was later expanded in October 2014 to include “Armed Forces and Emergency Services charities and other related good causes that represent those who demonstrate the very best of values”. 1005 grants and sub-sets of grants, across five funding schemes have been listed in this report. All have been reviewed and have been either closed or placed into active grant management. The LIBOR Grants Schemes LIBOR Funds awarded by the Chancellor of the Exchequer (the HMT LIBOR Fund) £35M Armed Forces Covenant Grant Scheme £40M Veterans Accommodation Fund £10M per annum Covenant Fund £30M Aged Veterans Fund In April 2015 the Prime Minister announced that £200 million of the fines were to be dedicated to funding 50,000 new apprenticeships for 22–24 year olds over three years. -
THE ZULU WARRIORS Was Then the Centre of World Soccer, and Beat Them 5–4
1 Just ten weeks after Wolseley’s settlement had ended the Zulu War, a team of Zulu warriors arrived at Sheffield’s Bramall Lane by hansom cab. They bore names like Cetewayo, the great king himself, Sirayo, a famous chieftain, and Dabulamanzi, Cetewayo’s brother. They left their assegais and shields on the touchline, took on the best players in Sheffield, which THE ZULU WARRIORS was then the centre of world soccer, and beat them 5–4. Cetewayo, now in his 50s, did very well against SHEFFIELD, NOVEMBER 1879 Mosforth, the England international winger. Perhaps I should point out that the Zulus were only Zulu in name. They were not black men but white soccer players, faces and hands corked, bodies covered with black jerseys and stockings, feathers round their heads and white beads around their necks. The Sheffield players complained that some of the burnt 2 cork rubbed off during the jostling in the match; they 3 In January 1879 Cetewayo, the Zulu king, marshalled needed a better bath than normal. some 50,000 warriors to repel the British army’s The players were announced with Zulu names, but invasion of Zululand. The Zulu warriors fought Dabulamanzi, for instance, was really Jack Hunter, with assegais, spears and ox-hide shields, and wore one of the best Scottish players of the generation. uniforms that were no more than a tuft of hair acting as The game was played to raise money for the widows a loin-cloth, but were well-organized and disciplined. and orphans of soldiers killed in the Zulu War, and a The British completely underestimated them. -
Sporting Entertainments, Discarded Possibilities and the Case of Football As a Variety Sport, 1905 – 1906
University of Huddersfield Repository Litherland, Benjamin Sporting Entertainments, Discarded Possibilities and the Case of Football as a Variety Sport, 1905 – 1906 Original Citation Litherland, Benjamin (2015) Sporting Entertainments, Discarded Possibilities and the Case of Football as a Variety Sport, 1905 – 1906. Sport in History, 35 (3). pp. 391-418. ISSN 1746-0263 This version is available at http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/28750/ The University Repository is a digital collection of the research output of the University, available on Open Access. Copyright and Moral Rights for the items on this site are retained by the individual author and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/ Sporting Entertainments, Discarded Possibilities and the Case of Football as a Variety Sport, 1905 – 1906. ABSTRACT During the winter of 1905/06, Olympia held a series of spectacular indoor, electrically lit football matches. Organised by the showman Edwin Cleary, the purpose of these matches was to provide entertaining shows to large audiences. -
The 1899 Orange Free State Football Team Tour of Europe: ‘Race’, Imperial Loyalty and Sporting Contest
The 1899 Orange Free State football team tour of Europe: ‘Race’, imperial loyalty and sporting contest Chris Bolsmann1 School of Languages and Social Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK Abstract In September 1899 an association football team from Bloemfontein in the Orange Free State, South Africa, arrived in the United Kingdom. The team comprised 16 black South Africans who played under the auspices of the whites-only Orange Free State Football Association and was the first ever South African football team to tour abroad. In a four month tour the team played 49 matches against opposition in England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. A small, but growing body of work focuses on black sport and football in particular and the 1899 tour is referred to in passing in a few publications, although none have attempted to uncover details of the team or the matches that were played in Europe. This article attempts to do this by drawing on a range of newspaper and archival sources in South Africa and the United Kingdom and argues the case for the significance of this team for South African sports history in general and for football history in particular. Introduction Four weeks prior to the outbreak of the South African War, fought between Britain and the combined forces of the Orange Free State Republic and South African Republic, an association football match was played at St James’ Park, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, between Newcastle United and a touring South African team, the Orange Free State Kaffir Football Club.2 Watched by 6,000 spectators, the black South Africans lost the game 6:3.3 This was the first time a South African association football team had played abroad. -
The South Africa Campaign of 1878/1879
The South Africa Campaign of 1878/1879 By Ian Knight and Dr Adrian Greaves PART 1. FOREWORD This text is an extensively revised edition of The South Africa Campaign 1879, by J. P. Mackinnon and S.H. Shadbolt. First published in 1880, The South Africa Campaign 1879 was not so much a history of the Anglo-Zulu War as a eulogy for the British officers who died during the operations. While it included a brief summary of the campaign, the bulk of the contents consisted of biographical notes on every regular officer who died – in action or of disease – during the war. Inevitably, the book reflected the attitudes of those layers of Victorian society – the middle and upper classes – which had produced the officers themselves, and which comprised its potential readership. As a result it was uncritical of both British policy in southern Africa, the conduct of the war, and of the individuals concerned. In particular, while it relied heavily on the descriptions of fellow combatants as sources, those aspects of the book that dealt with deaths in action were heavily influenced by Victorian conventions of duty and heroism. In retrospect, these often had little in common with the violent realities of a particularly brutal colonial war, and some of the heroic vignettes described in the text are unsupportable in the light of modern research. Nevertheless, The South Africa Campaign 1879 includes a great deal of biographical information which is not readily available elsewhere – much of it gathered from family sources - and the object of the present editors was to update Mackinnon and Shadbolt’s approach. -
The Victorian Soldier in Africa Plms 9/7/04 9:00 Am Page Ii
Plms 9/7/04 9:00 am Page i general editor John M. MacKenzie Established in the belief that imperialism as a cultural phenomenon had as significant an effect on the dominant as on the subordinate societies, Studies in Imperialism seeks to develop the new socio-cultural approach which has emerged through cross-disciplinary work on popular culture, media studies, art history, the study of education and religion, sports history and children’s literature. The cultural emphasis embraces studies of migration and race, while the older political and constitutional, economic and military concerns are never far away. It incorporates comparative work on European and American empire-building, with the chronological focus primarily, though not exclusively, on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when these cultural exchanges were most powerfully at work. The Victorian soldier in Africa Plms 9/7/04 9:00 am Page ii AVAILABLE IN THE SERIES CULTURAL IDENTITIES AND THE AESTHETICS OF BRITISHNESS ed. Dana Arnold BRITAIN IN CHINA Community, culture and colonialism, 1900–1949 Robert Bickers NEW FRONTIERS Imperialism’s new communities in East Asia 1842–1952 eds Robert Bickers and Christian Henriot WESTERN MEDICINE AS CONTESTED KNOWLEDGE eds Andrew Cunningham and Bridie Andrews THE ARCTIC IN THE BRITISH IMAGINATION 1818–1914 Robert G. David IMPERIAL CITIES Landscape, display and identity eds Felix Driver and David Gilbert SCIENCE AND SOCIETY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA ed. Saul Dubow EQUAL SUBJECTS, UNEQUAL RIGHTS Indigenous peoples in British settler colonies, 1830s–1910 Julie Evans, Patricia Grimshaw, David Phillips and Shurlee Swain EMIGRATION FROM SCOTLAND BETWEEN THE WARS Opportunity or exile? Marjory Harper EMPIRE AND SEXUALITY The British experience Ronald Hyam REPORTING THE RAJ The British press in India, c. -
Beyond Altruism: British Football and Charity 1877-1914
Beyond Altruism: British Football and Charity 1877-1914 Football charity matches and tournaments played a significant part in the development of the sport in Britain, overlapping the era of friendly games and the advent of competitive leagues. The football community prided itself on its contributions to charity, raising more money than any other sport before 1914, and stakeholders within the game – associations, clubs, players and patrons – gained considerable kudos for this perceived altruism. However, this paper will demonstrate that amounts donated, though welcome, were relatively minor sources of revenue for both institutions and individuals, and that the charity match became less important to clubs in a professional, and increasingly commercial, era. Ten minutes into the 1902 football international between Scotland and England at Ibrox Park, Glasgow, a wooden stand collapsed plunging spectators forty feet through the broken boards: twenty-six were killed and over 500 injured.1 It was Britain’s first football disaster. The city’s Lord Provost set up a relief fund and the Scottish Football Association (SFA) immediately subscribed £3,000. The Football Association (FA) south of the border raised the same amount from donations, including the proceeds of a special England v. Scotland international.2 Such generosity was neither unprecedented nor restricted to the ‘football community.’ In 1897 the FA had given £157, the entire takings from an international trial match, to the Indian Famine Relief Fund and two years later it subscribed 100 guineas for the benefit of those widowed, orphaned or wounded as a result of the Boer War.3 1 Disaster funds, however, were only part of the connection between philanthropy and football. -
The Rivalry Between the Fans of Aston Villa and Birmingham City Football Clubs
Clashing Sub-Cultures: The Rivalry between the Fans of Aston Villa and Birmingham City Football Clubs A. P. Benkwitz A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the University’s requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2013 University of Worcester 1 Dedicated to Professor James Riordan 1936-2012 2 Acknowledgements Following my enrolment, I was encouraged to conceptualise the completion of a PhD as climbing a mountain – perhaps not the most imaginative metaphor, but one that does seem to have remained with me. Despite being made fully aware of the challenges that lay ahead prior to ‘the climb’, this understanding made the reality no less arduous. Although it is scarcely adequate recompense for all the help I have received, I would like to offer some wholehearted appreciation by way of the following acknowledgements. Firstly, I would like to thank my 'Sherpa'. Without the unwavering support and expert guidance of my director of studies I am certain I would not have made it. Thank you, Gyozo, for everything. You have guided me through various academic adventures (not just the thesis, but simultaneously helping me develop into a full-time lecturer, gaining my first academic publication, reading countless drafts and ideas, and much more) and it is all very much appreciated. I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to my other supervisors, who have given many hours and provided valuable guidance. The confidence and motivation given to me by Prof. Jim Riordan was genuinely vital throughout, in addition to the critical insights into my work, all combined with his passionate analysis of Portsmouth FC! This thesis is dedicated to the memory of Jim, the 'Spartak spy'. -
ALAN BENNETT Directed by NICK BOWLING
by ALAN BENNETT directed by NICK BOWLING STUDY GUIDE prepared by Maren Robinson, Dramaturg This Study Guide for The History Boys was prepared by Maren Robinson and edited by Lara Goetsch for TimeLine Theatre, its patrons and educational outreach. Please request permission to use these materials for any subsequent production. © TimeLine Theatre 2009 — — STUDY GUIDE — Table of Contents The Playwright: Alan Bennett ..................................................................................... 3 The Play: Production History ....................................................................................... 4 The History .................................................................................................................... 4 Bennett in The History Boys ........................................................................................ 5 Northern England ......................................................................................................... 5 The British Education System ..................................................................................... 6 The Universities: Oxford and Cambridge .................................................................... 6 University Rankings ..................................................................................................... 8 Timeline of the 1980s .................................................................................................... 8 Margaret Thatcher’s Britain .....................................................................................