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PRIDE 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E The African-American Baseball Experience Cuban Giants season ticket, 1887 A f r i c a n -American History Baseball History Courtesy of Larry Hogan Collection National Baseball Hall of Fame Library 1 8 4 5 KNICKERBOCKER RULES The Knickerbocker Base Ball Club establishes modern baseball’s rules. Black Teams Become Professional & 1 8 5 0 s PLANTATION BASEBALL The first African-American professional teams formed in As revealed by former slaves in testimony given to the Works Progress FINDING A WAY IN HARD TIMES 1860 – 1887 the 1880s. Among the earliest was the Cuban Giants, who Administration 80 years later, many slaves play baseball on plantations in the pre-Civil War South. played baseball by day for the wealthy white patrons of the Argyle Hotel on Long Island, New York. By night, they 1 8 5 7 1 8 5 7 Following the Civil War (1861-1865), were waiters in the hotel’s restaurant. Such teams became Integrated Ball in the 1800s DRED SCOTT V. SANDFORD DECISION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BA S E BA L L PL AY E R S FO U N D E D lmost as soon as the game’s rules were codified, Americans attractions for a number of resort hotels, especially in The Supreme Court allows slave owners to reclaim slaves who An association of amateur clubs, primarily from the New York City area, organizes. R e c o n s t ruction was meant to establish Florida and Arkansas. This team, formed in 1885 by escaped to free states, stating slaves were property and not citizens. -
Negro Leaguers in Service If They Can Fight and Die on Okinawa and Guadalcanal in the South Pacific, They Can Play Baseball in America
Issue 37 July 2015 Negro Leaguers in Service If they can fight and die on Okinawa and Guadalcanal in the South Pacific, they can play baseball in America. Baseball Commissioner AB "Happy" Chandler This edition of the Baseball in Wartime Newsletter is dedicated to all the African- American baseball players who served with the armed forces during World War II. More than 200 players from baseball’s Negro Leagues entered military service between 1941 and 1945. Some served on the home front, while others were in combat in Europe, North Africa and the Pacific. These were the days of a segregated military and life was never easy for these men, but, for some, playing baseball made the summer days a little more bearable. Willard Brown and Leon Day (the only two black players on the team) helped the OISE All-Stars win the European Theater World Series in 1945, Joe Greene helped the 92nd Infantry Division clinch the Mediterranean Theater championship the same year, Jim Zapp was on championship teams in Hawaii in 1943 and 1944, and Larry Doby, Chuck Harmon, Herb Bracken and Johnny Wright were Midwest Servicemen League all- stars in 1944. Records indicate that no professional players from the Negro Leagues lost their lives in service during WWII, but at least two semi-pro African-American ballplayers made the ultimate sacrifice. Grady Mabry died from wounds in Europe in December 1944, and Aubrey Stewart was executed by German SS troops the same month. With Brown and Day playing for the predominantly white OISE All-Stars, Calvin Medley pitching for the Fleet Marine Force team in Hawaii, and Don Smith pitching alongside former major leaguers for the Greys in England, integrated baseball made its appearance during the war years and quite possibly paved the way for the signing of Jackie Robinson. -
Rickwood Field, on Birmingham's West Side, Was Completed in August 1910, Just 10 Days After Old Comiskey Park Was Dedicated
During the spring of 1994, I trailed Michael Jordan during his Minor League Baseball adventure. Much more eventful was taking Negro Leaguer Lyman Bostock, Sr. to his sanctuary of memories. Since my 1994 visit, Rickwood has been restored and hosts the annual turn-back-the-clock "Rickwood Classic" featuring the Birmingham Barons. April 17, 1994---- BIRMINGHAM, Ala. Another world away from the new dreams of Michael Jordan stands the oldest ballpark in America. Construction on courtly Rickwood Field, on Birmingham's west side, was completed in August 1910, just 10 days after old Comiskey Park was dedicated. Almost every baseball legend played at Rickwood, from Babe Ruth, "Shoeless" Joe Jackson and Ty Cobb to Satchel Paige, Reggie Jackson and Hank Aaron. A few weeks ago director Ron Shelton ("Bull Durham," "White Men Can't Jump") filmed scenes for his fall release "Cobb," starring Tommy Lee Jones, at Rickwood. Rickwood is a feisty old dame in her golden years. Though the Class AA Birmingham Barons left in 1987 for the affluent suburb of Hoover, her time is far from up. Almost to underscore that point, the 33-foot center-field scoreboard is punctuated on top by a Bulova clock. The manual scoreboard has been renovated. The stadium's 9,100 seats have been scrubbed down. Period-piece outfield signs remain from the "Cobb" film. And if you're lucky, you'll walk into Rickwood during a sweet spring afternoon and find ex-Pittsburgh Pirate Bob Veale tending to the mound. A Birmingham native, Veale is the Rickwood groundskeeper a couple of times a week. -
'Black Baseball's Last Team Standing: the Birmingham Black Barons, 1919-1962'
H-Florida McMullen on Plott, 'Black Baseball's Last Team Standing: The Birmingham Black Barons, 1919-1962' Review published on Wednesday, June 10, 2020 William J. Plott. Black Baseball's Last Team Standing: The Birmingham Black Barons, 1919-1962. Jefferson: McFarland, 2019. 345 pp. $49.95 (paper), ISBN 978-1-4766-7788-0. Reviewed by David Lee McMullen (UNC Charlotte)Published on H-Florida (June, 2020) Commissioned by Jeanine A. Clark Bremer (Northern Illinois University) Printable Version: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=54492 It was early in the 1927 season; the Birmingham Black Barons were in St. Louis. On the mound was a young pitcher who had just joined the Barons from the Chattanooga Choo Choos, a twenty-one-year- old who was said to throw “the fastest and hardest ball in the circuit.” On this particular day the young pitcher “was throwing hard, fast and wild.” When one of his pitches came too close to the batter, the batter headed for the mound, bat in hand. From the stands, someone yelled, “You have nothing to defend yourself with. Run, boy, run.” The pitcher raced for the dugout. The batter threw his bat, hitting in the young pitcher in the side. A woman in the stands screamed, “Murder, Murder!” and the crowd went wild. Policemen began manhandling the Baron players and a St. Louis fan jumped onto the field with a knife and headed toward one of the outfielders. Ultimately the pitcher was tossed out and the game called after only two innings of play (pp. -
Bill Gabler, “3 Strikes 3 Times” ©Diamondsinthedusk.Com
Bill Gabler, “3 Strikes 3 Times” ©DiamondsintheDusk.com What do Don Erickson, Ralph Mauriello and Bill Gabler’s Major League Debut September 16, 1958 Johnny Klippstein have in common? Chicago Cubs vs. Philadelphia Phillies Each of them strike out Bill Gabler in his only three major league at bats during his brief stay with the Chicago Cubs at the end of the 1958 season. Gabler’s Eight Days in September, 1958 September 13 - Gabler is hitting .270 with 23 home runs and 90 RBIs for the Fort Worth Cats when he is named to the Texas League All-Star team. September 14 - After eight years in the minors, Gabler is one of five players from the pennant- winning Cats to have his contract purchased by Bill Gabler the Chicago Cubs ... the National League team 1958 Chicago Cubs purchases the contracts of Gabler and outfielder Chick King, and exercises its options on outfield- ers Bob Will, Frank Ernaga and infielder Jerry Kindall. Two years earlier, Will and Ernaga, both playing for Tulsa, are involved in one of the most unusal plays in Texas League history … in a game against Houston, opposing pitcher Bill Greason hits a fly ball to Ernaga in left field when the ball strikes a bird flying overhead … Ernaga catches the ball before it hits the ground and Will, play- ing centerfield, grabs the plumenting bird ... Houston manager Harry “The Hat” Walker protests that the bird should be considered a “foreign” object and that the ball can’t be legally caught … since no passport or visa papers were found on the bird, the umpires rule that Ernaga’s catch is legal. -
Numbered Panel 2
2A 2B 2C 2D 2E Broadside featuring the Belmont Colored Giants of Harlem, 1908 Courtesy of National Baseball Hall of Fame Library A f r i c a n -American History Baseball History 1 8 8 7 GENTLEMEN’S AGREEMENT Midway through the season, International League owners agree to sign no new contracts with African-American baseball players, sparking the tradition of barring black players from pro ball. Other leagues follow and the era of integrated baseball soon ends. BARNSTORMING ON THE OPEN ROAD 1887–1919 NATIONAL COLORED BASE BALL LEAGUE With teams from Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Cincinnati, LINCOLN GIANTS Land of Giants Washington, Pittsburgh, Baltimore and Louisville, this league fails within three weeks of its May opener. By 1887, some black players were on organized baseball rosters, Many black barn s t o rmi ng teams took the name “Giants” arguably because 1 8 9 1 mainly in the minor leagues. But during that season, the International of the prominence of the National AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOLDS Financially weakened by long years of competition with the National L e a g u e ’s New York Giants, who were League, the American Association fails. League owners agreed to make no new contracts with African- managed by John McGraw. These American players. In unspoken agreement, other leagues adopted black teams, among them the 1 8 9 6 Mohawk Giants of Schenectady, PLESSY V. FERGUSON DECISION similar policies over the next 15 years. Black players, in response, the Union Giants of Chicago and the In a test of Jim Crow laws, the Supreme Court allows “separate Lincoln Giants of New York City, but equal” schools and public accommodations for African Americans, thereby supporting segregation of schools and started their own professional teams. -
JGI V.14, N.1
Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective Volume 15 Number 1 Article 1 11-16-2020 Full Issue - JGI v.14, n.1 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/jgi Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Recommended Citation (2020) "Full Issue - JGI v.14, n.1," Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective: Vol. 15 : No. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/jgi/vol15/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Year of Cuba JOURNAL of GLOBAL INITIATIVES POLICY, PEDAGOGY, PERSPECTIVE 2020 VOLUME 15 NUMBER 1 Year of Cuba Journal of Global Initiatives Volume 15, Number 1, 2020 Contents: 1 Introduction to the Year of Cuba Special Issue Dan Paracka 6 Between Subject and Object: The Identity of a Carmen Salama Slave in Juan Francisco Manzano’s Autobiography 16 Testimonies of War during Cuba’s Fight for Jorge Camacho Independence (1868-1898) 27 The Architecture of the Dead: Cemetery Dana M. Moody Symbolism in Colon Cemetery, Havana, Cuba 63 The Charismatic Revolutionary Leadership Joseph J. García Trajectories of Fidel Castro and Lázaro Cárdenas: From Guerrillas to Heads of State in the Age of US Imperialism 80 The Emergence, Persistence, and Success of the Gail Markle Cuban Social Movement Las Damas de Blanco 96 An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Cuban Neta Kanny Cyberactivism 113 About the Contributors Journal of Global Initiatives Vol. -
“Play-Off Championship” Series
“Play-Off Championship” Series The schedules for most Negro League seasons were played in two halves with a winner being declared for each half of the season. If different teams each won one half of the season or if the season ended in a dispute over who should be crowned the “league” champion, a Play-Off Series was held. It is important not to confuse a Play-Off Series with a Colored Championship Series or the Negro League World Series. The Play-Off Series was played between teams from the same formalized league. Many if not most Colored Championship Series were played between two self appointed teams, while the Negro League World Series was played against the champions from two different formalized leagues. From 1924 to 1927 the Negro League World Series was a post season championship series that was played between the Negro National League champions and the Eastern Colored League (ECL) champions. Then in latter years, there was also a Negro League World Series played from 1942 to 1948 when the champions of the Negro American League (NAL) met the champions of the Negro National League (NNL). “Play-Off Championship” Series (Summaries) 1941 Homestead Grays vs New York Cubans (Negro National League) The Homestead Grays won the first half of the Negro National League season and the New York Cubans won the second half. Neither team however had the best regular season record. The Baltimore Elite Giants actually had the best overall won-loss record for the season at 36-21 (.632). Homestead finished with the second best record at 34-25 (.576) and the New York Cubans were a distant fourth with a loosing record of 19-21 (.475). -
The Philadelphia Stars, 1933-1953
Lehigh University Lehigh Preserve Theses and Dissertations 2002 A faded memory : The hiP ladelphia Stars, 1933-1953 Courtney Michelle Smith Lehigh University Follow this and additional works at: http://preserve.lehigh.edu/etd Recommended Citation Smith, Courtney Michelle, "A faded memory : The hiP ladelphia Stars, 1933-1953" (2002). Theses and Dissertations. Paper 743. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Lehigh Preserve. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Lehigh Preserve. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Smith, Courtney .. Michelle A Faded Memory: The Philadelphia . Stars, 1933-1953 June 2002 A Faded Memory: The Philadelphia Stars, 1933-1953 by Courtney Michelle Smith A Thesis Presentedto the Graduate and Research Committee ofLehigh University in Candidacy for the Degree of Master ofArts m the History Department Lehigh University May 2002 Table of Contents Chapter-----' Abstract, '.. 1 Introduction 3 1. Hilldale and the Early Years, 1933-1934 7 2. Decline, 1935-1941 28 3. War, 1942-1945 46 4. Twilight Time, 1946-1953 63 Conclusion 77 Bibliography ........................................... .. 82 Vita ' 84 iii Abstract In 1933, "Ed Bolden and Ed Gottlieb organized the Philadelphia Stars, a black professional baseball team that operated as part ofthe Negro National League from 1934 until 1948. For their first two seasons, the Stars amassed a loyal following through .J. regular advertisements in the Philadelphia Tribune and represented one of the Northeast's best black professional teams. Beginning in 1935, however, the Stars endured a series of losing seasons and reflected the struggles ofblack teams to compete in a depressed economic atmosphere. -
One of Baseball's Greatest Catchers
Excerpt • Temple University Press 1 ◆ ◆ ◆ One of Baseball’s Greatest Catchers f all the positions on a baseball diamond, none is more demanding or harder to play than catcher. The job behind the plate is without question the most difficult to perform, Oand those who excel at it rank among the toughest players in the game. To catch effectively, one has to be a good fielder, have a good throwing arm, be able to call the right pitches, be a good psy- chologist when it comes to dealing with pitchers, know how to engage tactfully with umpires, how to stave off injuries, and have the fortitude to block the plate and to stand in front of speeding or sliding runners and risk serious injury. Catching is not a position for the dumb or the lazy or the faint-hearted. To wear the mask and glove, players have to be smart. They have to be tough, fearless, and strong. They must be alert, agile, and accountable. They are the ones in charge of their teams when on the field, and they have to be able to handle that job skillfully. Excerpt • Temple University Press BIZ MACKEY, A GIANT BEHIND THE PLATE There are many other qualities required of a good catcher that, put together, determine whether or not players can satisfac- torily occupy the position. If they can’t, they will not be behind the plate for long. Rare is the good team that ever took the field without a good catcher. And yet, while baseball has been richly endowed with tal- ented backstops, only a few have ever made it to the top of their profession. -
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■KAS: » ‘•'í rs ||A|i|A F •¿i 111 ! *1 ' * > .' ‘ ‘v • « 77 ;7-’ ■ •» -■ ..-¿■■&I ONLY * 6c STAKBA PiRCOPY VOLUME 22, NUMBER 79 MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, TUESDAY, JUNE 1, 1954 — , . t r* 1 Feud Counteract Two Officers ■' V I. -y «y.-- Court Ruling Cleared Of gK P? * • 1 On Segregation Beating Charge '5‘. i>. V By LOUIS LAUTIER "It Just didn't happen," declar WASHINGTON, D. C.-(NNPA) ed Police Chief Ed Reeves Saturday □ when he .cleared two’ officers who -A bitter fight over public hous Friday had been accused by two r ing is developing in the Senate white warehousemen of. beating a BoantüK^i with lhe colored vote in the con young Negro. The victim of the al gressional elections os the prize. leged seating denied that lie had oeen mistreated by the officers. The fight is a counteract of the Tile iiicldent came about when South to the action of the Su two white (vareliousemen Thomas UN Médiat^ preme Court in refusing to re L. Haney and S. E: Hickey told re view the decision of California porters- oil tlie local afternoon dai ■ -.7 life ,’t ly tliat they watched officers bent courts holding that racial segre a Negro in a squad’ car. They identi gation in low-rent public hous fied tlie police car as No. 1, but dif ing in San Francisco is unconsti fered on the’ alleged blows struck, Is Unanimdii^ MEMPHIAN WINS G. P. HAMIL see State University. This award tutional. , . Haney said he saw several blows TON AWARD — NASHVILLE — ■mes to the Memphis studeijt who truck while Hickey only saw one. -
The Courier Dec2011
A Publication of SABR’s Negro Leagues Committee “We are the Ship, All Else the Sea” Editor, Larry Lester December, 2011 In the News Sam Hairston goes into the Hall Soon after, in 1973, Jerry Hairston, Sr., made his debut with the White Sox. The legacy continued The Colorado Sky Sox honor Hairston when Jerry’s sons Scott and Jerry Junior joined n October 25, the Colorado Springs Sky Sox the Arizona Diamondbacks (2004) and the posthumously Baltimore Orioles (1998), Oinducted Sam becoming the fourth & Hairston into the Colorado fifth of the Mississippi Springs Sports Hall of Delta-based family to Fame. Hairston played for play in The Show. the Sky Sox of the old Western League between The Hairston legacy 1950 and 1956. His legacy began, when Samuel to integrate the national Harding Hairston was game was recognized. born on January 20, 1920, in Lowndes Hairston was called up County, near Crawford, from Colorado Springs in Mississippi in the Plum 1951, making him the first African-American player Grove community, where in Chicago White Sox history. Hairston was the a ball field was named in his honor in 2010. Two Western League MVP in 1953, hitting .310 with years later, the Hairston family moved to eight home runs and 102 RBIs, while leading the Birmingham, Alabama, where Sam later joined the Sky Sox to the league title. In 1955, he won the American Cast Iron Pipe Company (ACIPCO) League batting title with a .350 average, adding six baseball team, which employed his father, Will. home runs and 91 RBIs.