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Types of Affixes: Hul’q’umi’num’ Examples

Prefix

(1) pout tspout ‘boat’ ‘make a boat’

(2) lelum’ tslelum’ ‘house’ ‘build a house’

(3) ’imuth ts’imuth ‘grandchild’ ‘have a grandchild’

Suffix

(4) pout pout-s ‘boat’ ‘his/her/their boat’

(5) lelum’ lelum’s ‘house’ ‘his/her/their house’

(6) mun’u mun’us ‘child’ ‘his/her/their child’

Infix

(7) mustimuhw mulstimuhw ’person, people’ ’people, a lot of people’

(8) q’e’mi’ q’e’lum’i’ ‘teenage girl’ ‘teenage girls’

(9) tsi’tsut tsuli’tsut ‘parent’ ‘parents 2

Reduplication

C-Reduplication

(10) tsulush tsetslush ‘hand’ ‘little hand’

(11) shewuq sheshwuq ‘carrot’ ‘little carrot’

(12) thamun thathmun ‘eyebrow’ ‘little eyebrow’

CV-Reduplication

(13) t’akw’ t’at’ukw’ ‘come/go home’ ‘coming/going home’ (14) p’etth’ p’ep’utth’ ‘sew’ ‘sewing’ (15) thi thithu ‘big’ ‘big (plural)’ (16) qwa’up qwuqwa’up ‘crabapple’ ‘crabapples’ (17) spe’uth spupe’uth ‘bear’ ‘bears’

CVC-Reduplication

(18) thamun thumthamun ‘eyebrow’ ‘eyebrows’

(19) qw’oon’ qw’un’qw’oon’ ‘ear’ ‘ears’

(20) slheni’ slhunlheni’ ‘woman’ ‘women’

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Morphology Problems Problem 1: Compare the words in the two columns and then identify the affix (or affixes, if there is more than one) in the word in the second column. For each affix, tell whether it is a prefix, suffix, infix, or reduplication. And if possible say what semantic effect the affix has on the word. a. qul qulmun ‘bad’ ‘garbage’ b. t’ilum st’ilum ‘sing’ ‘song’ c. sqe’uq squle’uq ‘younger sibling’ ‘younger siblings’ d. t’i’w’i’ulh t’i’w’i’ulht ‘pray’ ‘pray for him/her/them’ e. chapani hwchapaniqun ‘Japanese person’ ‘Japanese language’ f. pupu shpupu’elu ‘pepper’ ‘pepper shaker’ g. stiwun stutiwun ‘niece, nephew’ ‘nieces, nephews’ h. shhw’aqw’a’ shhw’a’luqw’a’ ‘brother/sister/cousin’ ‘brothers/sisters/cousins’ 4

Problem 2: This time you only see the complex words. Identify the affixes, as before. But also identify the root and its meaning. Tell what semantic effect the affix has on the word. a. hayuqun ‘finish eating’ b. ts’lhwulmuhw ‘fellow First Nations person’ d. menulh ‘deceased father’ e. ’ulhtuniilh ‘eat out (e.g. at a restaurant)’ f. syaays ‘work (noun), job’ g. slhihws ‘Wednesday’ h. slhunlheni’ ‘woman’ i. shkapi’elu ‘coffee pot’