DOCTOR SERAPHICUS ST. BONAVENTURE
CARDINAL BISHOP OF ALBANO COMMENTARIES ON THE FIRST BOOK OF SENTENCES
OF MASTER PETER LOMBARD
ARCHBISHOP OF PARIS
OPERA OMNIA: TOME I
ON THE ONE AND TRIUNE GOD
A Replica Translation, in English, of the Critical Latin Edition, by the Quaracchi Fathers, of 1882 A. D..
BY A FRANCISCAN BROTHER
With All accompanying Original Prolegomena , Tabulae , Scholia and Footnotes,
Furnished with translations of All the Variant Readings cited in the Original &
Enriched with frequent citation of Scholastic terms in the Latin tongue
THE FRANCISCAN ARCHIVE MANSFIELD , M ASSACHUSETTS , USA
MMXIV INDEX OF QUESTIONS
FOR ST. BONAVENTURE’S COMMENTARIES
ON THE FIRST BOOK OF SENTENCES
OF MASTER PETER LOMBARD
The General Preface ...... I-XXXVIII The Table of Codices and Editions The Bull of Pope Sixtus IV ...... XXXIX for St. Bonaventure’s Commentaries . . . . LXXXVII The Bull of Pope Sixtus V ...... XLV The Tabula of Codices and Editions for Prolegomena to Book I of the Commentary ...... LV Lombard’s First Book of Sentences . . . . LXXXVIII Authors and Books cited by St. Bonaventure . . . . LXXXIV
THE FIRST BOOK OF SENTENCES
ON THE ONE AND TRIUNE GOD
FOREWORD (Proœmium) ...... 1 Question 2: Whether one is to enjoy God or Questions on the Foreword ...... 6 the uncreated Good alone? ...... 39 Question I: What is the matter or subject DOUBTS I-XVI on the text of Master Peter ...... 42 of this Book or of theology? ...... 6 Question II: What is the formal cause or manner of DISTINCTION II proceeding in this Book or of theology? . . 9 Question III: Whether this book or theology is for The Text of Master Peter ...... 46 the sake of contemplation, or that we Division of the Text ...... 49 become good, or whether it is a speculative or practical science? ...... 12 ARTICLE I: On the Unity of the Divine Essence Question IV: What is the efficient cause and the plurality of the Persons or author of this book? ...... 14 Question 1: Whether there is only one God? ...... 50 MASTER PETER ’S PROLOGUE ...... 16 Question 2: Whether in God there is to be posited The List of Chapters to Master Peter’s First Book . . . . . 17 a plurality of persons? ...... 53 Doubts I-IX on Lombard’s Prologue ...... 17 Question 3: Whether the number of divine Persons is infinite? ...... 54 DISTINCTION I Question 4: Whether there are only three divine Persons? ...... 56 The Text of Master Peter ...... 26 DOUBTS I-X on the text of Master Peter ...... 59 Division of the Text ...... 29 DISTINCTION III ARTICLE I: What is it ‘to use’, and on the usable? The Text of Master Peter ...... 62 Question 1: Whether ‘to use’ is an act of the will, or PART I of the reason, and/or of every power? . . . 30 Division of the Text ...... 66 Question 2: Whether one is to use every creature? . . . . . 32 Question 3: Whether one is to use only ARTICLE I: On the Cognizability of God the created good? ...... 34 Question 1: Whether God is cognizable by a creature? . . 67 ARTICLE II: What is it ‘to enjoy’? Question 2: Whether God is cognizable through creatures? ...... 71 Question 1: Whether ‘to enjoy’ is an act of the will, or Question 3: Whether man in every state cognizes of the other powers? ...... 35 God through creatures? ...... 74 Question 4: Whether a trinity of persons with a unity ARTICLE III: On the enjoyable of essence can be naturally cognized through creatures? ...... 75 Question 1: Whether one is to enjoy God? ...... 38 DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter ...... 77 864 ON THE FIRST BOOK OF SENTENCES
PART II ARTICLE SOLE : On the generation of the Son according to its conditions ARTICLE I: On the first impression of the image Question 1: Whether the generation of the Son is Question 1: Whether the reckoning of the image is attained according to a reckoning of necessity? . . 125 in the memory, intelligence and will? . . . . 80 Question 2: Whether the generation of the Son is Question 2: Whether the image is attained in these powers according to a reckoning of will? ...... 127 through their comparison to God? ...... 82 Question 3: Whether the generation of the Son Question 3: Whether memory, intelligence and will are the is according to a reckoning same in essence with the soul? ...... 84 of exemplarity? ...... 129 DOUBTS I-V on the text of Master Peter ...... 130 ARTICLE II: On the second impression of the image Question 1: Whether the image is attained in mind, DISTINCTION VII knowledge and love as in the powers, or in the habits, or in both simultaneously, The Text of Master Peter ...... 132 or according to substance and habit? . . . . 88 Division of the Text ...... 133 Question 2: Whether mind, knowledge and love have ARTICLE SOLE : On the Power of Generating order, equality and consubstantiality? . . . 91 Question 1: Whether the power of generating means Question 3: Whether the trinity of image, which consists something absolute, and/or relative? . . . 134 in mind, knowledge and love, necessarily Question 2: Whether the power of generating leads unto cognition of the Three Divine is in the Son? ...... 138 Persons? ...... 92 Question 3: Whether the power of generating and the DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter ...... 93 power of creating are a unique power? . . 141 Question 4: Whether “to be able to be generated” and “to be DISTINCTION IV able to be created” are a univocal “to be able”? . 142 DOUBTS I-VIII on the text of Master Peter ...... 144 The Text of Master Peter ...... 95 Division of the Text ...... 96 DISTINCTION VIII
ARTICLE I: On the comparison of the name “God” to generation The Text of Master Peter ...... 146 and of its consignification and supposition PART I Question 1: Whether this saying: “God begot God”, Division of the Text ...... 149 must be conceded? ...... 97 ARTICLE I: On the truth of God Question 2: Whether this saying can be admitted: Question 1: Whether truth is a property of the Divine “to be”? . 150 “God generates another God”? ...... 99 Question 2: Whether the Divine “to be” is true Question 3: Whether congruously in accord with the to such an extent, that it cannot be rules of grammar it can be said: thought not to be? ...... 153 “there are more gods”? ...... 101 ARTICLE II: On the immutability of God Question 4: Whether this name “God” substitutes Question 1: Whether God is immutable? ...... 156 for a person, and/or for a nature? . . . . . 102 Question 2: Whether God alone is immutable? ...... 158 DOUBTS I-IX on the text of Master Peter ...... 104 DOUBTS I-X on the text of Master Peter ...... 162 PART II DISTINCTION V Division of the Text ...... 164 ARTICLE SOLE : On the Simplicity of God The Text of Master Peter ...... 107 Question 1: Whether God is most highly simple? . . . . . 165 Division of the Text ...... 110 Question 2: Whether a most high simplicity befits God alone? ...... 167 ARTICLE I: On the comparison of generation to the substance Question 3: Whether the rational soul is whole in the whole or essence in the reckoning of a principle body, and whole in any part of it? ...... 170 Question 1: Whether the Substance or Essence Question 4: Whether God is in any determinate generates? ...... 111 genus or predicament? ...... 173 Question 2: Whether there is to be conceded DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter ...... 174 the saying, that the Son is generated from the substance of the Father? . . . . . 114 DISTINCTION IX
ARTICLE II: On the comparison of generation to essence The Text of Master Peter ...... 176 in the reckoning of a term Division of the Text ...... 179 Question 1: Whether the Substance or Essence ARTICLE SOLE : On generation among the divine is generated? ...... 116 Question 1: Whether generation is to be posited Question 2: Whether the Substance or Divine Essence among the divine? ...... 180 is communicated through generation? . . 118 Question 2: Whether among the divine generation DOUBTS I-XI on the text of Master Peter ...... 119 distinguishes between the One begetting and the One begotten? ...... 182 DISTINCTION VI Question 3: Whether among the divine generation is eternal? . . . 184 Question 4: Whether the generation of the Son The Text of Master Peter ...... 123 has been terminated? ...... 185 Division of the Text ...... 124 DOUBTS I-XIII on the text of Master Peter ...... 187 INDEX OF QUESTIONS 865
DISTINCTION X DISTINCTION XIV
The Text of Master Peter ...... 192 The Text of Master Peter ...... 242 Division of the Text ...... 194 Division of the Text ...... 244 ARTICLE I: On the manner of the proceeding of the Holy Spirit ARTICLE I: On the temporal procession of the Holy Sprit Question 1: Whether among the divine there is Question 1: Whether a temporal procession of to be posited a Person proceeding the Holy Spirit is to be posited? ...... 245 through a manner of liberality? ...... 194 Question 2: Whether the eternal procession of Question 2: Whether among the divine there is the Holy Spirit and the temporal are to be posited a Person proceeding to be numbered as two processions? . . . . 247 through a manner of love or charity? . . . 197 Question 3: Whether among the divine there is ARTICLE II : On the giving of the Holy Spirit to be posited a third Person proceeding Question 1: Whether the Holy Spirit is given in His own through a manner of mutual charity? . . . 199 Person, or whether only in effect? . . . . . 249 ARTICLE II : On the property of the Holy Spirit Question 2: Whether the Holy Spirit is given Question 1: Whether love or charity is proper by any holy man? ...... 250 to the Holy Spirit? ...... 200 DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter ...... 253 Question 2: Whether the Holy Spirit is the nexus or unity of the Father and the Son? ...... 202 DISTINCTION XV Question 3: Whether the Holy Spirit is properly a spirit? . 203 DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter ...... 205 The Text of Master Peter ...... 255
DISTINCTION XI PART I Division of the Text ...... 258 The Text of Master Peter ...... 207 Division of the Text ...... 209 ARTICLE SOLE : On mission among the divine ARTICLE SOLE : On the principle of the procession Question 1: Whether there is mission among the divine? . . 259 of the Holy Spirit Question 2: Whether mission among the divine is only Question 1: Whether the Holy Spirit proceeds on account of time, or also from eternity? . 261 from the Father and the Son? ...... 209 Question 3: Whether mission, passively accepted, belongs Question 2: Whether the Holy Spirit proceeds from the to the whole Trinity, in view of the Father? . . 262 Father and the Son, as from one principle? 214 Question 4: Whether mission, actively accepted, DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter ...... 217 belongs to the whole Trinity? ...... 264 DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter ...... 267 DISTINCTION XII PART II The Text of Master Peter ...... 218 Division of the Text ...... 269 Division of the Text ...... 219 ARTICLE SOLE : On the procession of the Holy Spirit ARTICLE SOLE : On the invisible mission in comparison to the Father and the Son both of the Son and of the Holy Spirit Question 1: Whether the Holy Spirit proceeds from Question 1: Whether the invisible mission is according the Father before He does from the Son? . . 220 to gifts of the grace, freely given, and/or Question 2: Whether the Holy Spirit proceeds more of the grace which makes one pleasing? . 270 fully and more principally from the Question 2: Whether the Son and the Holy Spirit are said to Father than from the Son? ...... 221 be sent according to the same gifts of grace? . 271 Question 3: Whether the Holy Spirit proceeds Question III : Whether the Son and the Holy Spirit are from the Father by means of the Son? . . 223 sent, when gifts of grace are augmented? . . . 273 Question 4: Whether the generation of the Son is prior to DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter ...... 274 the spiration of the Holy Spirit, according to the reckoning of understanding? ...... 225 DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter ...... 226 DISTINCTION XVI
DISTINCTION XIII The Text of Master Peter ...... 276 Division of the Text ...... 277 The Text of Master Peter ...... 228 Division of the Text ...... 230 ARTICLE SOLE : On the visible mission of the Holy Spirit ARTICLE SOLE : On the procession of the Holy Spirit Question 1: What is a visible mission? ...... 278 and on the difference of procession from generation Question 2: For what is the visible mission Question 1: Whether among the divine there is to be of the Holy Spirit useful? ...... 280 posited a procession? ...... 230 Question 3: In which manners does the visible Question 2: Whether the procession of the Holy Spirit mission come to be? ...... 283 is a generation? ...... 232 DOUBTS I-V on the Text of Master Peter ...... 285 Question 3: Whether the procession of the Holy Spirit differs from the generation of the Son DISTINCTION XVII really, and/or only according to the reckoning of understanding? ...... 235 The Text of Master Peter ...... 287 Question 4: Whether the Holy Spirit is unbegotten? . . 238 PART I DOUBTS I-VIII on the text of Master Peter ...... 239 Division of the Text ...... 291 866 ON THE FIRST BOOK OF SENTENCES
ARTICLE SOLE : On the created habit of charity, whether Question 2: Whether among the divine there can be it exists, and in what manner it can be loved and cognized posited a universal whole? ...... 357 Question 1: Whether besides uncreated Charity there ought Question 3: Whether among the Divine Persons there to be posited a created habit of charity? . . . . 292 can be posited a material principle? . . . . 360 Question 2: Whether charity is to be loved out of charity? . . 296 Question 4: Whether among the divine there can be Question 3: Whether anyone can know with certitude, posited a difference according to number? . . . 362 that he is in charity? ...... 298 DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter ...... 365 Question 4: Whether charity is cognizable in the universal, even by one not having it? . . . 300 DISTINCTION XX DOUBTS I-VII on the text of Master Peter ...... 304 The Text of Master Peter ...... 366 PART II Division of the Text ...... 368 Division of the Text ...... 307 ARTICLE I: On the adequation of power among the divine ARTICLE SOLE : On the augment of charity Question 1: Whether among the Divine Persons there Question 1: Whether charity can be increased is equal power as much as regards according to its substance? ...... 307 (its) extension to possibles? ...... 368 Question 2: In what manner charity is increased? . . . . 310 Question 2: Whether among the Divine Persons there Question 3: Whether charity can be diminished? . . . . . 313 is equality as much as regards Question 4: Whether charity has a terminus in its augment? 316 the intensity of power? ...... 370 DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter ...... 318 ARTICLE II : On order among the divine Question 1: Whether among the divine there DISTINCTION XVIII is a reckoning of order? ...... 372 Question 2: Whether among the divine there The Text of Master Peter ...... 319 is an order of nature? ...... 373 Division of the Text ...... 322 DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter ...... 375
ARTICLE SOLE : On the property of the Holy Spirit, DISTINCTION XXI whereby His is a gift Question 1: Whether the Holy Spirit is the Gift, The Text of Master Peter ...... 377 in which all other gifts are granted? . . . . 323 Division of the Text ...... 378 Question 2: Whether the Holy Spirit is the a gift from eternity, or in time? ...... 325 ARTICLE I: On exclusive sayings added to a substantial term Question 3: Whether there is more fittingly said Question 1: Whether there is said in a true manner: of the Holy Spirit “gift” than “given”? . . 326 “God alone is the Father”? ...... 379 Question 4: Whether “gift” is an essential or a personal Question 2: Whether an exclusive saying can be truly and proper name of the Holy Spirit? ...... 328 added to a substantial term on the part Question 5: Whether “gift” or “grantability” is of the predicate? ...... 381 a distinctive property of the Holy Spirit? . . . . 329 ARTICLE II: On exclusive sayings added to a relative term Question 6: Whether the Holy Spirit by reason of His Question 1: Whether the exclusive saying “solus” is grantability can be said to be “our Spirit”? . . 332 truly added to a personal term in DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter...... 333 respect to a proper predicate? ...... 383 Question 2: Whether the exclusive saying “solus” is DISTINCTION XIX truly added to a personal term in respect to a common predicate? ...... 385 The Text of Master Peter ...... 335 DOUBTS I-III on the text of Master Peter ...... 387
PART I DISTINCTION XXII Division of the Text ...... 341 ARTICLE SOLE : On the equality of the Divine Persons The Text of Master Peter ...... 388 and its properties Division of the Text ...... 389 Question 1: Whether equality is to be posited among the divine? ...... 342 ARTICLE SOLE : On the Divine Names Question 2: Whether among the divine Question 1: Whether God is nameable? ...... 390 there is a most high equality? ...... 344 Question 2: Whether God has only one Name, or more? . . 392 Question 3: Whether the equality of the Divine Question 3: Whether all Divine Names are said Persons is reciprocal? ...... 346 in a transferred manner? ...... 394 Question 4: Whether among the divine there is Question 4: Whether all names said of God are said equality with circumincession? ...... 347 according to substance? ...... 397 DOUBTS I-XI on the text of Master Peter ...... 350 DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter — with PART II The Five Rules on the Names of God” . . . . . 399 Division of the Text ...... 354 ARTICLE SOLE : That from God there ought to be DISTINCTION XXIII excluded all reckonings of inequality Question 1: Whether among the divine there is to be The Text of Master Peter ...... 401 posited an integral whole? ...... 355 Division of the Text ...... 404 INDEX OF QUESTIONS 867
ARTICLE I: On the transferal of the names “person”, DISTINCTION XXVI “substance” and “essence” to the divine Question 1: Whether the name for ‘person’ has been The Text of Master Peter ...... 447 fittingly transferred to the divine? . . . . . 404 Division of the Text ...... 450 Question 2: Whether among the divine the name for ‘substance’ and ‘subsistence’ is ARTICLE SOLE : On the properties in general fittingly to be used? ...... 406 Question 3: Whether the name for ‘ essence’ is fittingly Question 1: Whether among the divine there are to be employed among the divine; moreover, posited properties for the Persons? . . . . 454 there is asked concerning the difference Question 2: What are properties of the Persons of the names “essence”, “subsistence”, among the divine? ...... 455 “substance” and “person”? ...... 408 Question 3: Whether the act of the personal properties ARTICLE II: On the numbering of the four Names is to distinguish the Hypostases, or Question 1: Whether among the divine there can be to show that They are distinct? ...... 456 said to be many “substances”? ...... 411 Question 4: How many personal properties are there Question 2: Whether among the divine there can be among the divine? ...... 460 numbered many “essences”? ...... 413 DOUBTS I-X on the text of Master Peter ...... 462 Question 3: Whether in a Catholic manner we can say that there are “many Gods”? ...... 414 DISTINCTION XXVII DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter — with a Note to the Readers from the Editors . . . . . 416 The Text of Master Peter ...... 464 PART I DISTINCTION XXIV Division of the Text ...... 466
The Text of Master Peter ...... 418 ARTICLE SOLE : On the property of the paternity, on the abstrac - Division of the Text ...... 419 tion of the properties, and on the certitude of this doctrine ARTICLE I: On the numeral and partitive term “one” Question 1: Whether this name “one” is said positively, Question 1: Whether ‘to be the Father’ and ‘to and/or privatively, among the divine? . . . . . 420 generate’ is one and the same notion? . . 467 Question 2: Whether “one” among the divine is said Question 2: Whether the generation is the reason according to substance, or whether for the paternity, or the other way around? . . 468 according to relation? ...... 423 Question 3: Whether the properties can be abstracted ARTICLE II: On purely numeral names from the Divine Persons? ...... 475 Question 1: Whether purely numeral names among Question 4: Whether it is licit to opine in a contrary manner the divine are said positively, or privatively? . 425 concerning the notions or properties? ...... 477 Question 2: Whether numeral names among the DOUBTS I- V on the text of Master Peter ...... 479 divine are said according to substance, or according to relation? ...... 426 PART II ARTICLE III: On the name “triune” and “trinity” Division of the Text ...... 480 Question 1: Whether names, which signify at the same time ‘one’ and ‘number’, convey a unity? . . . 428 ARTICLE SOLE : On the name for a word Question 2: Whether the unity, which the names, “Trinity” and “Triune”, convey, Question 1: Whether “word” is said essentially, is a unity of essence, or of supposit? . . . 430 or notionally among the divine? ...... 481 NOTES on the text of Master Peter ...... 431 Question 2: Whether the “Eternal Word” connotes anything on the part of a creature? . . . . 484 DISTINCTION XXV Question 3: What is the comparison of the Word to wisdom or knowledge? ...... 487 The Text of Master Peter ...... 431 Question 4: Whether the name for a word has been Division of the Text ...... 434 rightly transferred to the divine? ...... 488 DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter ...... 491 ARTICLE I: On the quiddity of the name “person” Question 1: Whether the name “person” among the divine DISTINCTION XXVIII is said according to substance, or whether it is said according to relation? ...... 435 The Text of Master Peter ...... 492 Question 2: Whether “person” has been rightly defined Division of the Text ...... 495 by Boethius, as that which is an individual substance of a rational nature, and whether ARTICLE SOLE : On the innascibility and improcessibility this reckoning befits the Divine Persons ?. . . 439 ARTICLE II: On the commonality of the name “person” Question 1: Whether the name “unbegotten” or Question 1: Whether the name “person” is common to the “innascibility” is said according uncreated Persons? ...... 442 to substance, and/or relation? ...... 496 Question 2: Whether the name for ‘person’, said of Question 2: Whether the innascibility and the created and uncreated persons, is paternity convey the same relation? . . . 499 a common univocal term? ...... 444 Question 3: Whether the innascibility, or the paternity DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter ...... 445 is the personal property of the Father? . 501 868 ON THE FIRST BOOK OF SENTENCES
Question 4: Whether improcessibility just as innascibility ARTICLE II: On St. Augustine’ s appropriation also means a notion in the Father? . . . . . 502 Question 1: Whether God can be said to be “one” DOUBTS I-V on the text of Master Peter ...... 504 with a creature? ...... 545 Question 2: Whether one creature with another DISTINCTION XXIX can be said (to be) “one” simply? . . . . . 546 Question 3: By what reckoning is “unity” appropriated The Text of Master Peter ...... 506 to the Father, “equality” to the Son, Division of the Text ...... 507 “concord” to the Holy Spirit? ...... 548 ARTICLE I: On principium as much as regards DOUBTS I-VIII on the text of Master Peter ...... 549 the multiplicity of its meaning Question 1: Whether the name, principium , among DISTINCTION XXXII the divine can be accepted personally or notionally? ...... 508 The Text of Master Peter ...... 552 Question 2: Whether this name, principium , if taken Division of the Text ...... 555 essentially and notionally, is said ARTICLE I: On the expression: “the Father and the Son univocally, or equivocally? ...... 510 love Themselves by the Holy Spirit.” ARTICLE II: On principium as much as regards Question 1: Whether the Father and the Son love Them - the unity of its meaning selves by the Holy Spirit? ...... 556 Question 1: Whether the Father and the Son can be said Question 2: In what habitude is that ablative construed, to be “the one principle” of the Holy Spirit? . 512 if there be said: “the Father and the Son Question 2: Whether the Father and the Son can be said love Themselves by the Holy Spirit”? ...... 559 to be “the one spirator”, and or even ARTICLE II: On the expression: “the Father is wise “the same principle” of the Holy Spirit? . . . . 515 by begotten Wisdom”, on the other: “the Father is powerful DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter ...... 516 by the Virtue, which He begot” Question 1: Whether there can be rightly said: “the Father DISTINCTION XXX is wise by begotten Wisdom”? ...... 561 Question 2: Whether there can be rightly said: The Text of Master Peter ...... 519 “the Father is powerful by the Power Division of the Text ...... 520 or Virtue, which He begot”? ...... 563 ARTICLE SOLE : On those names which are said of God DOUBTS I-VII on the text of Master Peter ...... 565 on account of time Question 1: Whether anything is said of God DISTINCTION XXXIII on account of time? ...... 521 Question 2: Whether the names, which are said The Text of Master Peter ...... 567 of God on account of time, are said Division of the Text ...... 570 per se , and/or per accidens ? ...... 523 ARTICLE SOLE : On the diverse comparisons of a property Question 3: Whether the names, which are said Question 1: Whether a property is a Person? ...... 571 of God on account of time, convey Question 2: Whether a property is the Essence? . . . . . 574 a real relation in God? ...... 524 Question 3: Whether a notion is predicated of a notion? . . 576 DOUBTS I-V on the text of Master Peter ...... 527 Question 4: Whether the same property can be denominatively predicated of itself? . . . 579 DISTINCTION XXXI DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter ...... 580
The Text of Master Peter ...... 529 DISTINCTION XXXIV PART I Division of the Text ...... 532 The Text of Master Peter ...... 582 ARTICLE SOLE : On the names “similar” and “equal” Division of the Text ...... 585 Question 1: Whether equality and similitude are said ARTICLE SOLE : On the comparison of a Person to the Nature of God positively and/or privatively? . . 533 and on appropriation and transferal Question 2: Whether “equality” and “similitude” among Question 1: Whether among the divine a Thing the divine are said according to substance, of the Nature adds upon the Nature? . . . 586 or according to relation ? ...... 534 Question 2: Whether among the divine a Person is predicated Question 3: Whether “equal” and “similar” are said among of the Nature & the Nature of a Person? . . . 589 the divine according to a mutual relation? . . . 537 Question 3: Whether among the divine there is DOUBTS I-III on the text of Master Peter ...... 539 a positing of appropriated names? . . . . 592 PART II Question 4: Whether there is a transferal of names? . . 593 Division of the Text ...... 538 DOUBTS I-VII on the text of Master Peter ...... 594 ARTICLE I: On St. Hilary’ s appropriation Question 1: Whether there is said to be an image DISTINCTION XXXV among the divine according to substance, or according to relation? . . . . 539 The Text of Master Peter ...... 597 Question 2: Whether “image” among the divine Division of the Text ...... 599 is properly said of the Son? ...... 541 ARTICLE SOLE : On ideas Question 3: For what reason is “eternity” appropriated Question 1: Whether ideas are to be posited in God? . 600 to the Father, “sightliness” to the Image, Question 2: Whether among ideas there is a plurality and “use” to the Gift? ...... 543 according to thing? ...... 605 INDEX OF QUESTIONS 869
Question 3: Whether among ideas there is a plurality Division of the Text ...... 668 according to a reckoning? ...... 607 ARTICLE I: On the causality of the Divine Foreknowledge Question 4: Whether ideas are plurified through a comparison Question 1: Whether the Divine Foreknowledge to the ideated, to the extent that these are is the cause of things ...... 669 diverse in species, and/or in the individual? . 609 Question 2: Whether the Divine Foreknowledge Question 5: Whether ideas in God are finite is caused by things ...... 671 in number, or infinite? ...... 611 ARTICLE II: On the Divine Foreknowledge as much as Question 6: Whether ideas have an order? ...... 613 regards the reckoning of Its necessity DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter ...... 614 Question 1: Whether God’s Foreknowledge imposes a necessity upon the things foreknown . . 674 DISTINCTION XXXVI Question 2: Whether God necessarily foreknows those which He foreknows ...... 677 The Text of Master Peter ...... 617 DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter ...... 680 Division of the Text ...... 619 ARTICLE I: On the existence of things in God DISTINCTION XXXIX Question 1: Whether things were in God from eternity? . . . 620 Question 2: Whether things are in God according to The Text of Master Peter ...... 682 a reckoning of essence, and/or of person? . . 621 Division of the Text ...... 684 ARTICLE II: On the manner, in which things exist in God ARTICLE I: On the perfection of the Divine Knowledge Question 1: Whether all are life in God? ...... 623 as much as regards the number of cognizables Question 2: Whether things have “being” more truly Question 1: Whether God cognizes those other in God than in their own genus? ...... 625 than Himself? ...... 684 ARTICLE III: On the number or generality of the existence, Question 2: Whether God cognizes all others which things have in God than Himself? ...... 688 Question 1: Whether evil things are in God? ...... 626 Question 3: Whether God can know more Question 2: Whether imperfect things are in God? . . . 628 than He knows? ...... 690 DOUBTS I-IV on the Text of Master Peter ...... 630 ARTICLE II: On the manner of the Divine Cognition Question 1: Whether God cognizes Himself and those DISTINCTION XXXVII other than Himself in the same manner? . . . 692 Question 2: Whether God cognizes mutables immutably? . 693 The Text of Master Peter ...... 632 Question 3: Whether God cognizes each and every thing presently? ...... 695 PART I DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter ...... 698 Division of the Text ...... 637 ARTICLE I: Wherefore does it befit God to be everywhere? DISTINCTION XL Question 1: Whether God is in all things? ...... 638 Question 2: Whether God is in all places? ...... 640 The Text of Master Peter ...... 699 ARTICLE II: It is proper to God to be everywhere Division of the Text ...... 701 Question 1: Whether ‘to be everywhere’ befits God alone? . 642 Question 2: Whether ‘to be everywhere’ befits God ARTICLE I: On predestination as much as regards its entity from eternity? ...... 644 Question 1: Whether predestination is something ARTICLE III: In what kind of manner is God in things? eternal, or temporal? ...... 702 Question 1: Whether God is equally in all things? . . . . 646 Question 2: Whether predestination is God’s Question 2: In what manners is God said to be in things? . . 648 Knowledge, or Will? ...... 704 DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter ...... 649 ARTICLE II: On predestination as much as regards its necessity PART II Question 1: Whether predestination infers Division of the Text ...... 651 the necessity of salvation? ...... 706 ARTICLE I: On the incircumscriptibility of God Question 2: Whether predestination posits Question 1: Whether God belongs to a place? ...... 652 a certitude in the outcome? ...... 711 Question 2: Whether God is able to change according to place? ...... 654 ARTICLE III: On the Divine election Question 3: Whether God is separable from every Question 1: Whether election is in God from eternity, place and/or is outside of every place? . 655 or on account of time? ...... 714 ARTICLE II: On the mutability of the Angels through place Question 2: Whether election is the same as predestination? 716 Question 1: Whether an Angel can move locally without a body? ...... 657 ARTICLE IV: On reprobation and, in particular, on obduration Question 2: Whether an Angel moves through a medium? . . 659 Question 1: Whether obduration is a punishment, Question 3: Whether an Angel passes through or a fault? ...... 717 a medium by a sudden movement, Question 2: Whether obduration is from God? ...... 719 and/or by a successive one? ...... 662 DOUBTS I-VIII on the text of Master Peter ...... 722 DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter ...... 664 DISTINCTION XLI DISTINCTION XXXVIII The Text of Master Peter ...... 725 The Text of Master Peter ...... 666 Division of the Text ...... 727 870 ON THE FIRST BOOK OF SENTENCES
ARTICLE I: On the cause of Divine predestination Division of the Text ...... 797 Question 1: Whether predestination and/or reprobation ARTICLE I: On the Divine Will, as much as regards Its quiddity have in us a meritorious cause? ...... 728 Question 1: Whether in God there is a positing of a will? . . 798 Question 2: Whether predestination and reprobation have Question 2: Whether God is said to be “omnivolent”, in God a motive reason? ...... 734 just as He is said to be “omniscient” ARTICLE II: On the sempiternity of the Divine Cognition and “omnipotent”? ...... 800 Question 1: Whether God cognizes things through the ARTICLE II: On God’s Will, as much as regards Its causality manner of complexion? ...... 736 Question 1: Whether God’s Will is the Cause Question 2: Whether the enunciables, which God cognizes of things in general? ...... 803 once, He always cognizes? ...... 738 Question 2: Whether God’s Will is the First DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter ...... 741 and Immediate Cause? ...... 806 ARTICLE III: On the Divine Will, DISTINCTION XLII as much as regards Its reckoning of being signified Question 1: Whether the Divine Will is fittingly The Text of Master Peter ...... 743 divided into the will of a sign Division of the Text ...... 745 and the Will of good pleasure? ...... 808 ARTICLE SOLE : On the Divine Power in comparison Question 2: On the number and sufficiency to the possibles, which It can do of the signs of the Divine Will? ...... 810 Question 1: Whether God can work anything DOUBTS I-XI on the text of Master Peter ...... 811 other than Himself? ...... 746 Question 2: Whether God can do everything DISTINCTION XLVI which a created agent can do? ...... 748 Question 3: Whether God can do all those whatsoever, The Text of Master Peter ...... 814 which are impossible for a created agent? . . . 750 Division of the Text ...... 818 Question 4: Whether the “simply possible” is said according ARTICLE SOLE : On the Will of God to superior causes, or inferior ones? ...... 756 in respect of the salvation of all, and in respect of evil DOUBTS I-VI on the text of Master Peter ...... 759 Question 1: Whether God wills that all men come to be saved by the Will of His Good Pleasure? . . . 819 DISTINCTION XLIII Question 2: Whether God wills evils to come to be? . . 822 Question 3: Whether it is good that evils come to be? . 825 The Text of Master Peter ...... 761 Question 4: Whether it is true that evils come to be? . . 827 Division of the Text ...... 763 Question 5: Whether evil is ordainable by the Will of God? 830 ARTICLE SOLE : On the infinity of the Divine Power Question 6: Whether evil concerns Question 1: Whether God’s Power, according to the complement of the universe? ...... 832 which It is of this kind, is infinite? . . . . . 764 DOUBTS I-VIII on the text of Master Peter ...... 834 Question 2: Whether the Divine Essence is infinite? . . 768 Question 3: Whether the Divine Power is able DISTINCTION XLVII unto an effect infinite in act? ...... 771 Question 4: Whether the reason for the Divine Power The Text of Master Peter ...... 837 extends itself to things infinite? ...... 774 Division of the Text ...... 838 DOUBTS I-VII on the text of Master Peter ...... 776 ARTICLE SOLE : On the efficacy of the Divine Will Question 1: Whether the Will of God’s Good Pleasure DISTINCTION XLIV can be impeded? ...... 839 Question 2: Whether one can work against The Text of Master Peter ...... 779 the will of a sign? ...... 842 Division of the Text ...... 780 Question 3: Whether God ought to permit evils? . . . . . 843 Question 4: Whether God can precept evils? ...... 845 ARTICLE I: On the possibility of a better world DOUBTS I-V on the text of Master Peter ...... 847 Question 1: Whether God could make a better world regarding the substance of its integrating parts? ...... 781 DISTINCTION XLVIII Question 2: Whether the world could be made better as much as regards the properties of The Text of Master Peter ...... 849 its integrating parts? ...... 783 Division of the Text ...... 850 Question 3: Whether God could make the world better ARTICLE I: On the conformity of our will as much as regards the order of its parts? . . . 785 in regard to its quiddity Question 4: Whether God could make the world Question 1: Whether it is possible, that our will more ancient? ...... 787 be conformed to the Divine Will? . . . . . 851 Question 2: Whether the conformity of our wil ARTICLE II: On the immutability of the Divine Power to the Divine Will makes it just? ...... 853 Question SOLE : Whether what God can do once, ARTICLE II: On the conformity of our will He can do always? ...... 790 as much as regards obligation DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter ...... 792 Question 1: Whether we are bound to conform our will to the Divine Will in the reason for willing? . 855 DISTINCTION XLV Question 2: Whether we are bound to conform our will to the Divine Will in the (thing) willed ?. . . . 857 The Text of Master Peter ...... 794 DOUBTS I-IV on the text of Master Peter ...... 860 Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, as it was in the beginning, is now, and will be forever, and unto the Ages of ages. Amen !