DOCSLIB.ORG

Zoonotic Diseases and One Health

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Zoonotic Diseases and One Health One and Diseases Zoonotic • Marcello Otake • Marcello Megumi Poom Sato, Adsakwattana Sato, and Kendrich Ian Fontanilla Zoonotic Diseases and One Health Edited by Marcello Otake Sato, Megumi Sato, Poom Adisakwattana and Ian Kendrich Fontanilla Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Pathogens www.mdpi.com/journal/pathogens Zoonotic Diseases and One Health Zoonotic Diseases and One Health Special Issue Editors Marcello Otake Sato Megumi Sato Poom Adisakwattana Ian Kendrich Fontanilla MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors Marcello Otake Sato Megumi Sato Poom Adisakwattana Department of Tropical Graduate School of Health Department of Helminthology, Medicine and Parasitology, Sciences, Niigata University Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Japan Mahidol University Japan Japan Ian Kendrich Fontanilla Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Philippines Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817) in 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/pathogens/special issues/ Zoonotic Diseases). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03928-010-0 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03928-011-7 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Marcello Otake Sato. c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... vii Preface to “Zoonotic Diseases and One Health” ............................ ix Jonathan Asante, Ayman Noreddin and Mohamed E. El Zowalaty Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 50, doi:10.3390/pathogens8020050 ................ 1 Luria Leslie Founou, Raspail Carrel Founou, Noyise Ntshobeni, Usha Govinden, Linda Antoinette Bester, Hafizah Yousuf Chenia, Cyrille Finyom Djoko and Sabiha Yusuf Essack Emergence and Spread of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) in Pigs and Exposed Workers: A Multicentre Comparative Study between Cameroon and South Africa Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 10, doi:10.3390/pathogens8010010 ................ 30 Nikki Asuming-Bediako, Angela Parry-Hanson Kunadu, Sam Abraham and Ihab Habib Campylobacter at the Human–Food Interface: The African Perspective Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 87, doi:10.3390/pathogens8020087 ................ 46 Ali Harb, Mark O’Dea, Sam Abraham and Ihab Habib Childhood Diarrhoea in the Eastern Mediterranean Region with Special Emphasis on Non-Typhoidal Salmonella at the Human–Food Interface Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 60, doi:10.3390/pathogens8020060 ................ 76 Petronillah R. Sichewo, Anita L. Michel, Jolly Musoke and Eric M.C. Etter Risk Factors for Zoonotic Tuberculosis at the Wildlife–Livestock–Human Interface in South Africa Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 101, doi:10.3390/pathogens8030101 ............... 97 Simona Nardoni, Guido Rocchigiani, Ilaria Varvaro, Iolanda Altomonte, Renato Ceccherelli and Francesca Mancianti Serological and Molecular Investigation on Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Wild Birds Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 58, doi:10.3390/pathogens8020058 ................111 Valentina Virginia Ebani Serological Evidence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia spp. Exposure in Horses from Central Italy Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 88, doi:10.3390/pathogens8030088 ................117 Benta Natˆania Silva FIGUEIREDO, Ricardo Alencar LIB´oRIO, Megumi SATO, Camila Figueira da SILVA, Ronaldo Alves PEREIRA-JUNIOR, Yuichi CHIGUSA, Satoru KAWAI and Marcello Otake SATO Occurrence of Bovine Cysticercosis in Two Regions of the State of Tocantins-Brazil and the Importance of Pathogen Identification Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 66, doi:10.3390/pathogens8020066 ................125 Hathaithip Satjawongvanit, Atchara Phumee, Sonthaya Tiawsirisup, Sivapong Sungpradit, Narisa Brownell, Padet Siriyasatien and Kanok Preativatanyou Molecular Analysis of Canine Filaria and Its Wolbachia Endosymbionts in Domestic Dogs Collected from Two Animal University Hospitals in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 114, doi:10.3390/pathogens8030114 ...............133 v Fritz Ivy C. Calata, Camille Z. Caranguian, Jillian Ela M. Mendoza, Raffy Jay C. Fornillos, Ian Kim B. Tabios, Ian Kendrich C. Fontanilla, Lydia R. Leonardo, Louie S. Sunico, Satoru Kawai, Yuichi Chigusa, Mihoko Kikuchi, Megumi Sato, Toshifumi Minamoto, Zenaida G. Baoanan and Marcello Otake Sato Analysis of Environmental DNA and Edaphic Factors for the Detection of the Snail Intermediate Host Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 160, doi:10.3390/pathogens8040160 ...............146 vi About the Special Issue Editors Marcello Otake Sato, D.V.M. M.Sc. Ph.D. Doctor of Veterinary Medicine by the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine) 1996. MSc in Biology (Biology of the Host–Pathogen Relationship), University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences) and Ph.D. in Medical Sciences (Zoonosis) at Asahikawa Medical University, Japan (Department of Parasitology). Megumi Sato, Ph.D. B.Sc. in Health and Hygiene, University of the Air, Japan. M.Sc. in Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine), Thailand. Ph.D. in Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine), Thailand. Poom Adisakwattana, Ph.D. B.Sc. (Medical Technology) Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Thailand. Ph.D. (Biomedical Sciences) Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Thailand. Ian Kendrich Fontanilla, Ph.D. B.Sc. in Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman. M.Sc. in Biology (Major in Genetics), University of the Philippines, Diliman. Ph.D. in Genetics, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom. vii Preface to “Zoonotic Diseases and One Health” One Health is a multidisciplinary and holistic approach with the perspective that the health of the environment—especially but not limited to animal health—is integral to public health. Zoonosis, or the spread of diseases between animals and humans, can be better understood and mitigated within the context of the shared environment. Understanding the mechanisms of transmission of zoonotic diseases within the different stages of their pathogens’ lifecycles, the optimal environmental conditions for transmission, and even the effects of climate change on transmission can aid in the formulation of more appropriate policies and action plans towards a sustained One Health approach for public health. This Special Issue of Pathogens highlights some recent works in selected countries that utilized the One Health approach, which recognizes the interconnections of the different components of the ecological communities and also includes the notion that humans are linked through interfaces with food, livestock, or exposure to the pathogens from the environment. Novel detection methods are likewise presented to better identify accurately unknown pathogens, their distribution, and the edaphic factors that contribute to their dispersal. Policies based on a multidisciplinary approach that address specific public health issues are also presented. It is hoped that this Special Issue shall spur more studies towards greater understanding of the role of the environment in zoonotic transmission that will involve various stakeholders towards a truly One Health approach. Marcello Otake Sato, Megumi Sato, Poom Adisakwattana, Ian Kendrich Fontanilla Special Issue Editors ix pathogens Review Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept Jonathan Asante 1, Ayman Noreddin 2 and Mohamed E. El Zowalaty 2,* 1 Virology and Microbiology Research Group, School of Health Sciences, College of health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; [email protected] 2 Infectious Diseases and Anti-Infective Therapy Research Group, Sharjah Medical Research Institute and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +971-(56)-307-9774 Received: 23 March 2019; Accepted: 11 April 2019; Published: 16 April 2019 Abstract: Zoonoses present a major public health threat and are estimated to account for a substantial part of the infectious disease burden in low-income countries. The severity of zoonotic diseases is compounded by factors such as poverty, living in close contact with livestock and wildlife, immunosuppression as well as coinfection with other diseases. The
Recommended publications
  • Community Analysis of Microbial Sharing and Specialization in A

    Community Analysis of Microbial Sharing and Specialization in A

    Downloaded from http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on March 15, 2017 Community analysis of microbial sharing rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org and specialization in a Costa Rican ant–plant–hemipteran symbiosis Elizabeth G. Pringle1,2 and Corrie S. Moreau3 Research 1Department of Biology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Cite this article: Pringle EG, Moreau CS. 2017 Reno, NV 89557, USA 2Michigan Society of Fellows, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Community analysis of microbial sharing and 3Department of Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, specialization in a Costa Rican ant–plant– Chicago, IL 60605, USA hemipteran symbiosis. Proc. R. Soc. B 284: EGP, 0000-0002-4398-9272 20162770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2770 Ants have long been renowned for their intimate mutualisms with tropho- bionts and plants and more recently appreciated for their widespread and diverse interactions with microbes. An open question in symbiosis research is the extent to which environmental influence, including the exchange of Received: 14 December 2016 microbes between interacting macroorganisms, affects the composition and Accepted: 17 January 2017 function of symbiotic microbial communities. Here we approached this ques- tion by investigating symbiosis within symbiosis. Ant–plant–hemipteran symbioses are hallmarks of tropical ecosystems that produce persistent close contact among the macroorganism partners, which then have substantial opportunity to exchange symbiotic microbes. We used metabarcoding and Subject Category: quantitative PCR to examine community structure of both bacteria and Ecology fungi in a Neotropical ant–plant–scale-insect symbiosis. Both phloem-feed- ing scale insects and honeydew-feeding ants make use of microbial Subject Areas: symbionts to subsist on phloem-derived diets of suboptimal nutritional qual- ecology, evolution, microbiology ity.
  • Identification of Glucose Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Rods

    Identification of Glucose Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Rods

    UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations Identification of Glucose Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Rods REVIEW UNDER Issued by the Standards Unit, Microbiology Services, PHE Bacteriology – Identification | ID 17 | Issue no: 2.2 | Issue date: 11.03.14 | Page: 1 of 24 © Crown copyright 2014 Identification of Glucose Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Rods Acknowledgments UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations (SMIs) are developed under the auspices of Public Health England (PHE) working in partnership with the National Health Service (NHS), Public Health Wales and with the professional organisations whose logos are displayed below and listed on the website http://www.hpa.org.uk/SMI/Partnerships. SMIs are developed, reviewed and revised by various working groups which are overseen by a steering committee (see http://www.hpa.org.uk/SMI/WorkingGroups). The contributions of many individuals in clinical, specialist and reference laboratories who have provided information and comments during the development of this document are acknowledged. We are grateful to the Medical Editors for editing the medical content. For further information please contact us at: Standards Unit Microbiology Services Public Health England 61 Colindale Avenue London NW9 5EQ E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.hpa.org.uk/SMI UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations are produced in association with: REVIEW UNDER Bacteriology – Identification | ID 17 | Issue no: 2.2 | Issue date: 11.03.14 | Page: 2 of 24 UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations | Issued by the Standards Unit, Public Health England Identification of Glucose Non-Fermenting Gram Negative Rods Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................................... 2 AMENDMENT TABLE ............................................................................................................. 4 UK STANDARDS FOR MICROBIOLOGY INVESTIGATIONS: SCOPE AND PURPOSE ......
  • Abstract Betaproteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria

    Abstract Betaproteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria

    Abstract N-210 Contact Information The majority of the soil’s biosphere containins biodiveristy that remains yet to be discovered. The occurrence of novel bacterial phyla in soil, as well as the phylogenetic diversity within bacterial phyla with few cultured representatives (e.g. Acidobacteria, Anne Spain Dr. Mostafa S.Elshahed Verrucomicrobia, and Gemmatimonadetes) have been previously well documented. However, few studies have focused on the Composition, Diversity, and Novelty within Soil Proteobacteria Department of Botany and Microbiology Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics novel phylogenetic diversity within phyla containing numerous cultured representatives. Here, we present a detailed University of Oklahoma Oklahoma State University phylogenetic analysis of the Proteobacteria-affiliated clones identified in a 13,001 nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene clones 770 Van Vleet Oval 307 LSE derived from Oklahoma tall grass prairie soil. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the community, and comprised Norman, OK 73019 Stillwater, OK 74078 25% of total clones. The most abundant and diverse class within the Proteobacteria was Alphaproteobacteria, which comprised 405 325 5255 405 744 6790 39% of Proteobacteria clones, followed by the Deltaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria, which made Anne M. Spain (1), Lee R. Krumholz (1), Mostafa S. Elshahed (2) up 37, 16, and 8% of Proteobacteria clones, respectively. Members of the Epsilonproteobacteria were not detected in the dataset. [email protected] [email protected] Detailed phylogenetic analysis indicated that 14% of the Proteobacteria clones belonged to 15 novel orders and 50% belonged (1) Dept. of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK to orders with no described cultivated representatives or were unclassified.
  • Anaplasmosis: an Emerging Tick-Borne Disease of Importance in Canada

    Anaplasmosis: an Emerging Tick-Borne Disease of Importance in Canada

    IDCases 14 (2018) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect IDCases journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/idcr Case report Anaplasmosis: An emerging tick-borne disease of importance in Canada a, b,c d,e e,f Kelsey Uminski *, Kamran Kadkhoda , Brett L. Houston , Alison Lopez , g,h i c c Lauren J. MacKenzie , Robbin Lindsay , Andrew Walkty , John Embil , d,e Ryan Zarychanski a Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada b Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Government of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada c Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada d Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada e CancerCare Manitoba, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada f Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Section of Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, MB, Canada g Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada h Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada i Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Winnipeg, MB, Canada A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis (HGA) is an infection caused by the intracellular bacterium Received 11 September 2018 Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
  • Evolutionary Origin of Insect–Wolbachia Nutritional Mutualism

    Evolutionary Origin of Insect–Wolbachia Nutritional Mutualism

    Evolutionary origin of insect–Wolbachia nutritional mutualism Naruo Nikoha,1, Takahiro Hosokawab,1, Minoru Moriyamab,1, Kenshiro Oshimac, Masahira Hattoric, and Takema Fukatsub,2 aDepartment of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan, Chiba 261-8586, Japan; bBioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan; and cCenter for Omics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan Edited by Nancy A. Moran, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, and approved June 3, 2014 (received for review May 20, 2014) Obligate insect–bacterium nutritional mutualism is among the insects, generally conferring negative fitness consequences to most sophisticated forms of symbiosis, wherein the host and the their hosts and often causing hosts’ reproductive aberrations to symbiont are integrated into a coherent biological entity and un- enhance their own transmission in a selfish manner (7, 8). Re- able to survive without the partnership. Originally, however, such cently, however, a Wolbachia strain associated with the bedbug obligate symbiotic bacteria must have been derived from free-living Cimex lectularius,designatedaswCle, was shown to be es- bacteria. How highly specialized obligate mutualisms have arisen sential for normal growth and reproduction of the blood- from less specialized associations is of interest. Here we address this sucking insect host via provisioning of B vitamins (9). Hence, it –Wolbachia evolutionary
  • Japanese Delegation of Athletics Team for Doha,Qatar 2019 27 SEP-06 OCT

    Japanese Delegation of Athletics Team for Doha,Qatar 2019 27 SEP-06 OCT

    Japanese Delegation of Athletics Team For Doha,Qatar 2019 27 SEP-06 OCT IAAF World Championships in Athletics-Doha,Qatar 第 17 回 IAAF 世界陸上競技選手権大会 （ カタ ー ル ・ドー ハ ） ❶ Hirooki ARAI(L)& Kai KOBAYASHI(R) Play Back London 2017 ［プレイバック・ロンドン大会2017］ 前回の2017年ロンドン大会では男子50kmW勢が躍動。 荒井広宙が２位、小林快が3位とダブル表彰台に上り、 丸尾知司も５位に入りました。また、男子４×100ｍＲ も３位に入り、世界選手権では初のメダルを獲得。また、 サニブラウン アブデルハキームは男子100ｍで準決勝、 200ｍでは決勝に進出（７位）。日本はメダル３、入賞２ の成績を収めました。 ❷ Men’s 4×100m Relay ❸ Satoshi MARUO ❹ Abdul Hakim SANIBROWN Japanese Medalists & Prizewinners in London 2017 Silver Athlete Record Men 50kmW Hirooki ARAI ❶Left 3.41.17 Bronze Men 50kmW Kai KOBAYASHI ❶Right 3.41.19 S.TADA,S.IIZUKA, Men 4×100mR 38.04 Y.KIRYU,K.FUJIMITSU❷ 5th Men 50kmW Satoshi MARUO❸ 3.43.03 7th Men 200m Abdul Hakim SANIBROWN❹ 20.63 02 Message［メッセージ］ thletes aiming at the top of the world will be gathering in the blazing city Doha. The IAAF World Athletics Championships Doha 2019 is a great stageA for you to challenge the “power and skill” of the world, and it has an important meaning as a prelude to 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games which is quickly approaching. Expand your athletic ability you have gained through competition experiences and years of hard training here in Doha and make a huge step towards the grand stage. Along with your athletic ability, human quality is also very important. Athletics is an individual sport except for relays, but it is necessary to have Team JAPAN awareness. The consciousness of competing as a team will also enhance your human quality, and that rise helps to improve individual competitiveness. For athletes and staff, I ask you to unite by respecting each other, and have the spirit of “One for All, All for One”.
  • (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and the Bat Soft Tick Argas Vespe

    (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and the Bat Soft Tick Argas Vespe

    Zhao et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-3885-x Parasites & Vectors SHORT REPORT Open Access Rickettsiae in the common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and the bat soft tick Argas vespertilionis (Ixodida: Argasidae) Shuo Zhao1†, Meihua Yang2†, Gang Liu1†, Sándor Hornok3, Shanshan Zhao1, Chunli Sang1, Wenbo Tan1 and Yuanzhi Wang1* Abstract Background: Increasing molecular evidence supports that bats and/or their ectoparasites may harbor vector-borne bacteria, such as bartonellae and borreliae. However, the simultaneous occurrence of rickettsiae in bats and bat ticks has been poorly studied. Methods: In this study, 54 bat carcasses and their infesting soft ticks (n 67) were collected in Shihezi City, north- western China. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, small intestine and large= intestine of bats were dissected, followed by DNA extraction. Soft ticks were identifed both morphologically and molecularly. All samples were examined for the presence of rickettsiae by amplifying four genetic markers (17-kDa, gltA, ompA and ompB). Results: All bats were identifed as Pipistrellus pipistrellus, and their ticks as Argas vespertilionis. Molecular analyses showed that DNA of Rickettsia parkeri, R. lusitaniae, R. slovaca and R. raoultii was present in bat organs/tissues. In addition, nine of the 67 bat soft ticks (13.43%) were positive for R. raoultii (n 5) and R. rickettsii (n 4). In the phylo- genetic analysis, these bat-associated rickettsiae clustered together with conspecifc= sequences reported= from other host and tick species, confrming the above results. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, DNA of R. parkeri, R. slovaca and R.
  • Genome Project Reveals a Putative Rickettsial Endosymbiont

    Genome Project Reveals a Putative Rickettsial Endosymbiont

    GBE Bacterial DNA Sifted from the Trichoplax adhaerens (Animalia: Placozoa) Genome Project Reveals a Putative Rickettsial Endosymbiont Timothy Driscoll1,y, Joseph J. Gillespie1,2,*,y, Eric K. Nordberg1,AbduF.Azad2, and Bruno W. Sobral1,3 1Virginia Bioinformatics Institute at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine 3Present address: Nestle´ Institute of Health Sciences SA, Campus EPFL, Quartier de L’innovation, Lausanne, Switzerland *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. yThese authors contributed equally to this work. Accepted: March 1, 2013 Abstract Eukaryotic genome sequencing projects often yield bacterial DNA sequences, data typically considered as microbial contamination. However, these sequences may also indicate either symbiont genes or lateral gene transfer (LGT) to host genomes. These bacterial sequences can provide clues about eukaryote–microbe interactions. Here, we used the genome of the primitive animal Trichoplax adhaerens (Metazoa: Placozoa), which is known to harbor an uncharacterized Gram-negative endosymbiont, to search for the presence of bacterial DNA sequences. Bioinformatic and phylogenomic analyses of extracted data from the genome assembly (181 bacterial coding sequences [CDS]) and trace read archive (16S rDNA) revealed a dominant proteobacterial profile strongly skewed to Rickettsiales (Alphaproteobacteria) genomes. By way of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA and 113 proteins conserved across proteobacterial genomes, as well as identification of 27 rickettsial signature genes, we propose a Rickettsiales endosymbiont of T. adhaerens (RETA). The majority (93%) of the identified bacterial CDS belongs to small scaffolds containing prokaryotic-like genes; however, 12 CDS were identified on large scaffolds comprised of eukaryotic-like genes, suggesting that T.
  • Anaplasma Platys Diagnosis in Dogs

    Anaplasma Platys Diagnosis in Dogs

    Anaplasma platys Diagnosis in Dogs: Comparison Between Morphological and Molecular Tests Renata Fernandes Ferreira, VMD, MSc1 Aloysio de Mello Figueiredo Cerqueira, VMD, MSc, DSc2 Ananda Müller Pereira, VMD1 Cecília Matheus Guimarães BSc2 Alexandre Garcia de Sá, VMD, MSc1 Fabricio da Silva Abreu, VMD, MSc1 Carlos Luiz Massard, VMD, MSc, PhD3 Nádia Regina Pereira Almosny, VMD, MSc, PhD1 1Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3Departamento de Parasitologia Animal Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil KEY WORDS: Anaplasma platys, PCR, ickettsia helminthoeca (PCR1). The second inclusions stage consisted of the utilization of specific primers for the detection of the species A ABSTRACT platys (PCR2). Upon comparison of the re- Anaplasma platys is related to the appear- sults, 18.81% of the studied animals showed ance of inclusion bodies in blood platelets; positive for PCR1. For PCR2, 15.84% of the however, this may be a nonspecific occur- studied animals had a positive result. In the rence as there are nonparasitic inclusion morphological analysis of the inclusion bod- bodies within these figured elements. Aiming ies, 14.85% of the animals showed positive to validate the morphological diagnosis for for A platys. The other inclusion bodies were A platys, 101 dogs were selected due to the considered as nonspecific, therefore nega- appearance of inclusion bodies, indepen- tive. When compared to the morphological dently from suggestive parasites, which analysis, the results of the molecule analysis were submitted to polymerase chain reac- by means of the MacNemar test led to the tion (PCR) carried out in 2 stages.
  • Table S4. Phylogenetic Distribution of Bacterial and Archaea Genomes in Groups A, B, C, D, and X

    Table S4. Phylogenetic Distribution of Bacterial and Archaea Genomes in Groups A, B, C, D, and X

    Table S4. Phylogenetic distribution of bacterial and archaea genomes in groups A, B, C, D, and X. Group A a: Total number of genomes in the taxon b: Number of group A genomes in the taxon c: Percentage of group A genomes in the taxon a b c cellular organisms 5007 2974 59.4 |__ Bacteria 4769 2935 61.5 | |__ Proteobacteria 1854 1570 84.7 | | |__ Gammaproteobacteria 711 631 88.7 | | | |__ Enterobacterales 112 97 86.6 | | | | |__ Enterobacteriaceae 41 32 78.0 | | | | | |__ unclassified Enterobacteriaceae 13 7 53.8 | | | | |__ Erwiniaceae 30 28 93.3 | | | | | |__ Erwinia 10 10 100.0 | | | | | |__ Buchnera 8 8 100.0 | | | | | | |__ Buchnera aphidicola 8 8 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pantoea 8 8 100.0 | | | | |__ Yersiniaceae 14 14 100.0 | | | | | |__ Serratia 8 8 100.0 | | | | |__ Morganellaceae 13 10 76.9 | | | | |__ Pectobacteriaceae 8 8 100.0 | | | |__ Alteromonadales 94 94 100.0 | | | | |__ Alteromonadaceae 34 34 100.0 | | | | | |__ Marinobacter 12 12 100.0 | | | | |__ Shewanellaceae 17 17 100.0 | | | | | |__ Shewanella 17 17 100.0 | | | | |__ Pseudoalteromonadaceae 16 16 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pseudoalteromonas 15 15 100.0 | | | | |__ Idiomarinaceae 9 9 100.0 | | | | | |__ Idiomarina 9 9 100.0 | | | | |__ Colwelliaceae 6 6 100.0 | | | |__ Pseudomonadales 81 81 100.0 | | | | |__ Moraxellaceae 41 41 100.0 | | | | | |__ Acinetobacter 25 25 100.0 | | | | | |__ Psychrobacter 8 8 100.0 | | | | | |__ Moraxella 6 6 100.0 | | | | |__ Pseudomonadaceae 40 40 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pseudomonas 38 38 100.0 | | | |__ Oceanospirillales 73 72 98.6 | | | | |__ Oceanospirillaceae
  • Ohio Department of Health, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Disease Name Class A, Requires Immediate Phone Call to Local Health

    Ohio Department of Health, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Disease Name Class A, Requires Immediate Phone Call to Local Health

    Ohio Department of Health, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Reporting specifics for select diseases reportable by ELR Class A, requires immediate phone Susceptibilities specimen type Reportable test name (can change if Disease Name other specifics+ call to local health required* specifics~ state/federal case definition or department reporting requirements change) Culture independent diagnostic tests' (CIDT), like BioFire panel or BD MAX, E. histolytica Stain specimen = stool, bile results should be sent as E. histolytica DNA fluid, duodenal fluid, 260373001^DETECTED^SCT with E. histolytica Antigen Amebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica) No No tissue large intestine, disease/organism-specific DNA LOINC E. histolytica Antibody tissue small intestine codes OR a generic CIDT-LOINC code E. histolytica IgM with organism-specific DNA SNOMED E. histolytica IgG codes E. histolytica Total Antibody Ova and Parasite Anthrax Antibody Anthrax Antigen Anthrax EITB Acute Anthrax EITB Convalescent Anthrax Yes No Culture ELISA PCR Stain/microscopy Stain/spore ID Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus Antibody Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus IgG Antibody Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus IgM Arboviral neuroinvasive and non- Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus RNA neuroinvasive disease: Eastern equine California serogroup virus Antibody encephalitis virus disease; LaCrosse Equivocal results are accepted for all California serogroup virus IgG Antibody virus disease (other California arborviral diseases; California serogroup virus IgM Antibody specimen = blood, serum, serogroup
  • Gene Gain and Loss Events in Rickettsia and Orientia Species Kalliopi Georgiades1,2, Vicky Merhej1, Khalid El Karkouri1, Didier Raoult1, Pierre Pontarotti2*

    Gene Gain and Loss Events in Rickettsia and Orientia Species Kalliopi Georgiades1,2, Vicky Merhej1, Khalid El Karkouri1, Didier Raoult1, Pierre Pontarotti2*

    Georgiades et al. Biology Direct 2011, 6:6 http://www.biology-direct.com/content/6/1/6 RESEARCH Open Access Gene gain and loss events in Rickettsia and Orientia species Kalliopi Georgiades1,2, Vicky Merhej1, Khalid El Karkouri1, Didier Raoult1, Pierre Pontarotti2* Abstract Background: Genome degradation is an ongoing process in all members of the Rickettsiales order, which makes these bacterial species an excellent model for studying reductive evolution through interspecies variation in genome size and gene content. In this study, we evaluated the degree to which gene loss shaped the content of some Rickettsiales genomes. We shed light on the role played by horizontal gene transfers in the genome evolution of Rickettsiales. Results: Our phylogenomic tree, based on whole-genome content, presented a topology distinct from that of the whole core gene concatenated phylogenetic tree, suggesting that the gene repertoires involved have different evolutionary histories. Indeed, we present evidence for 3 possible horizontal gene transfer events from various organisms to Orientia and 6 to Rickettsia spp., while we also identified 3 possible horizontal gene transfer events from Rickettsia and Orientia to other bacteria. We found 17 putative genes in Rickettsia spp. that are probably the result of de novo gene creation; 2 of these genes appear to be functional. On the basis of these results, we were able to reconstruct the gene repertoires of “proto-Rickettsiales” and “proto-Rickettsiaceae”, which correspond to the ancestors of Rickettsiales and Rickettsiaceae, respectively. Finally, we found that 2,135 genes were lost during the evolution of the Rickettsiaceae to an intracellular lifestyle. Conclusions: Our phylogenetic analysis allowed us to track the gene gain and loss events occurring in bacterial genomes during their evolution from a free-living to an intracellular lifestyle.