Zoonotic Diseases and One Health One and Diseases Zoonotic • Marcello Otake • Marcello Megumi Poom Sato, Adsakwattana Sato, and Kendrich Ian Fontanilla Zoonotic Diseases and One Health Edited by Marcello Otake Sato, Megumi Sato, Poom Adisakwattana and Ian Kendrich Fontanilla Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Pathogens www.mdpi.com/journal/pathogens Zoonotic Diseases and One Health Zoonotic Diseases and One Health Special Issue Editors Marcello Otake Sato Megumi Sato Poom Adisakwattana Ian Kendrich Fontanilla MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors Marcello Otake Sato Megumi Sato Poom Adisakwattana Department of Tropical Graduate School of Health Department of Helminthology, Medicine and Parasitology, Sciences, Niigata University Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Japan Mahidol University Japan Japan Ian Kendrich Fontanilla Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Philippines Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817) in 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/pathogens/special issues/ Zoonotic Diseases). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03928-010-0 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03928-011-7 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Marcello Otake Sato. c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... vii Preface to “Zoonotic Diseases and One Health” ............................ ix Jonathan Asante, Ayman Noreddin and Mohamed E. El Zowalaty Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 50, doi:10.3390/pathogens8020050 ................ 1 Luria Leslie Founou, Raspail Carrel Founou, Noyise Ntshobeni, Usha Govinden, Linda Antoinette Bester, Hafizah Yousuf Chenia, Cyrille Finyom Djoko and Sabiha Yusuf Essack Emergence and Spread of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) in Pigs and Exposed Workers: A Multicentre Comparative Study between Cameroon and South Africa Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 10, doi:10.3390/pathogens8010010 ................ 30 Nikki Asuming-Bediako, Angela Parry-Hanson Kunadu, Sam Abraham and Ihab Habib Campylobacter at the Human–Food Interface: The African Perspective Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 87, doi:10.3390/pathogens8020087 ................ 46 Ali Harb, Mark O’Dea, Sam Abraham and Ihab Habib Childhood Diarrhoea in the Eastern Mediterranean Region with Special Emphasis on Non-Typhoidal Salmonella at the Human–Food Interface Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 60, doi:10.3390/pathogens8020060 ................ 76 Petronillah R. Sichewo, Anita L. Michel, Jolly Musoke and Eric M.C. Etter Risk Factors for Zoonotic Tuberculosis at the Wildlife–Livestock–Human Interface in South Africa Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 101, doi:10.3390/pathogens8030101 ............... 97 Simona Nardoni, Guido Rocchigiani, Ilaria Varvaro, Iolanda Altomonte, Renato Ceccherelli and Francesca Mancianti Serological and Molecular Investigation on Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Wild Birds Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 58, doi:10.3390/pathogens8020058 ................111 Valentina Virginia Ebani Serological Evidence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia spp. Exposure in Horses from Central Italy Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 88, doi:10.3390/pathogens8030088 ................117 Benta Natˆania Silva FIGUEIREDO, Ricardo Alencar LIB´oRIO, Megumi SATO, Camila Figueira da SILVA, Ronaldo Alves PEREIRA-JUNIOR, Yuichi CHIGUSA, Satoru KAWAI and Marcello Otake SATO Occurrence of Bovine Cysticercosis in Two Regions of the State of Tocantins-Brazil and the Importance of Pathogen Identification Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 66, doi:10.3390/pathogens8020066 ................125 Hathaithip Satjawongvanit, Atchara Phumee, Sonthaya Tiawsirisup, Sivapong Sungpradit, Narisa Brownell, Padet Siriyasatien and Kanok Preativatanyou Molecular Analysis of Canine Filaria and Its Wolbachia Endosymbionts in Domestic Dogs Collected from Two Animal University Hospitals in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 114, doi:10.3390/pathogens8030114 ...............133 v Fritz Ivy C. Calata, Camille Z. Caranguian, Jillian Ela M. Mendoza, Raffy Jay C. Fornillos, Ian Kim B. Tabios, Ian Kendrich C. Fontanilla, Lydia R. Leonardo, Louie S. Sunico, Satoru Kawai, Yuichi Chigusa, Mihoko Kikuchi, Megumi Sato, Toshifumi Minamoto, Zenaida G. Baoanan and Marcello Otake Sato Analysis of Environmental DNA and Edaphic Factors for the Detection of the Snail Intermediate Host Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi Reprinted from: Pathogens 2019, 8, 160, doi:10.3390/pathogens8040160 ...............146 vi About the Special Issue Editors Marcello Otake Sato, D.V.M. M.Sc. Ph.D. Doctor of Veterinary Medicine by the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine) 1996. MSc in Biology (Biology of the Host–Pathogen Relationship), University of Sao Paulo, Brazil (Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences) and Ph.D. in Medical Sciences (Zoonosis) at Asahikawa Medical University, Japan (Department of Parasitology). Megumi Sato, Ph.D. B.Sc. in Health and Hygiene, University of the Air, Japan. M.Sc. in Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine), Thailand. Ph.D. in Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University (Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine), Thailand. Poom Adisakwattana, Ph.D. B.Sc. (Medical Technology) Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Thailand. Ph.D. (Biomedical Sciences) Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Thailand. Ian Kendrich Fontanilla, Ph.D. B.Sc. in Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman. M.Sc. in Biology (Major in Genetics), University of the Philippines, Diliman. Ph.D. in Genetics, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom. vii Preface to “Zoonotic Diseases and One Health” One Health is a multidisciplinary and holistic approach with the perspective that the health of the environment—especially but not limited to animal health—is integral to public health. Zoonosis, or the spread of diseases between animals and humans, can be better understood and mitigated within the context of the shared environment. Understanding the mechanisms of transmission of zoonotic diseases within the different stages of their pathogens’ lifecycles, the optimal environmental conditions for transmission, and even the effects of climate change on transmission can aid in the formulation of more appropriate policies and action plans towards a sustained One Health approach for public health. This Special Issue of Pathogens highlights some recent works in selected countries that utilized the One Health approach, which recognizes the interconnections of the different components of the ecological communities and also includes the notion that humans are linked through interfaces with food, livestock, or exposure to the pathogens from the environment. Novel detection methods are likewise presented to better identify accurately unknown pathogens, their distribution, and the edaphic factors that contribute to their dispersal. Policies based on a multidisciplinary approach that address specific public health issues are also presented. It is hoped that this Special Issue shall spur more studies towards greater understanding of the role of the environment in zoonotic transmission that will involve various stakeholders towards a truly One Health approach. Marcello Otake Sato, Megumi Sato, Poom Adisakwattana, Ian Kendrich Fontanilla Special Issue Editors ix pathogens Review Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the ‘One Health’ Concept Jonathan Asante 1, Ayman Noreddin 2 and Mohamed E. El Zowalaty 2,* 1 Virology and Microbiology Research Group, School of Health Sciences, College of health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; [email protected] 2 Infectious Diseases and Anti-Infective Therapy Research Group, Sharjah Medical Research Institute and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +971-(56)-307-9774 Received: 23 March 2019; Accepted: 11 April 2019; Published: 16 April 2019 Abstract: Zoonoses present a major public health threat and are estimated to account for a substantial part of the infectious disease burden in low-income countries. The severity of zoonotic diseases is compounded by factors such as poverty, living in close contact with livestock and wildlife, immunosuppression as well as coinfection with other diseases. The