Liz Lake Associates Chartered Landscape Architects Urban Designers Landscape Planners

Landscape and Visual Impact Appraisal

LAND AT FEN DITTON, CAMBRIDGE Carter Jonas

September 2013

Western House t +44 (0)1279 647044 Chapel Hill e [email protected] Stansted Mountfitchet www.lizlake.com Essex CM24 8AG

Landscape and Visual Impact Appraisal

LAND AT FEN DITTON, CAMBRIDGE Carter Jonas

September 2013

Prepared by: Chris Jackson

Position: Landscape Architect

Qualifications: BSc (Hons) Ma (Hons)

Revision: FINAL

File name: 1548 LVIA 13.09.25

Date issued: 25th September 20013

Checked by: MF

Landscape and Visual Impact Appraisal: Land at Fen Ditton, Cambridge

CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 METHODOLOGY 2

3 EXISTING SITUATION 3

3.1 Context 3

3.2 Published Landscape Character Assessments 4

3.3 Landscape Resource – West Parcel 8

3.4 Landscape Resource – East Parcel 10

3.5 Visual Resource 12

3.6 Views from the Site 12

3.7 Views of the Site 13

4 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL APPRASIAL 16

4.1 Proposal 16

4.2 Landscape Effect 16

4.3 Visual Effect 18

4.4 Visual Considerations 22

5 POTENTIAL LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL STRATEGY 23

5.1 General Principles 23

5.2 Opportunities 23

APPENDIX A FIGURES 1- 5

APPENDIX B PHOTOSHEETS 1 - 4

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APPENDX C PUBLISHED LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENTS

APPENDIX D PHOTOGRAPHIC ARCHITECTURAL EXAMPLES

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1.1 This Landscape Report has been prepared by Liz Lake Associates on behalf of Carter Jonas to provide information and guidance with regards to the landscape and visual issues relevant to the land at Fen Ditton, Cambridge, (the Site). The principle objectives of the study are to provide guidance on landscape and visual matters associated with the promotion of the land for future development through the local plan process.

1.1.2 The report considers the existing baseline conditions and seeks to identify the relevant landscape and visual issues applicable to the site. A landscape and visual appraisal has been undertaken to assess the likely effects upon the landscape resource, specific views and visual amenity.

1.1.3 Liz Lake Associates are a multi-disciplinary environmental and design consultancy with over 25 years’ experience of master planning, landscape, ecology, urban design, heritage and environmental impact assessment. The practice is a member of the Landscape Institute.

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2 METHODOLOGY

2.1.1 An initial landscape and visual appraisal of the site has been conducted, encompassing the ‘Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment’ (GLVIA) 3rd edition published by the Landscape Institute and the Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment 2013, and ‘Landscape Character Assessment: Guidance for England and Scotland’ (LCA) published by the Countryside Agency and Scottish National Heritage 2002. In summary, the approach combines information and desktop reviews with on-site surveys and appraisal.)

2.1.2 The site based assessment involves the recording of both objective description and subjective impressions of the landscape, as well as details of the existing landscape condition. It includes an appraisal of the extent and nature of views to and from the site and the type of receptors that experience these views.

2.1.3 The following relevant studies and documents have been considered as part of the desk based review and subsequent appraisal:

• Countryside Agency – Character Area Map of England (1998-1999)

• Cambridge Landscape Character Assessment (2003)

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3 EXISTING SITUATION

3.1 Context

3.1.1 The land at Fen Ditton (referred to as the Site) is located to the north east of the City of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, within and surrounding the village of Fen Ditton. (refer to Figure 3 Phasing Plan)

3.1.2 The Site is divided into two main parcels. The first parcel is located to the west of the Horningsea Road (B1047) (the west parcel) and the second parcel is located to the east of the Horningsea Road and to the north of the High Ditch Road (the east parcel).

3.1.3 The west parcel (see Figure 1 Opportunities and Constraints) is located to the west of the B1047 and to the east of Green End. Within the parcel the landform falls gently to the north from 10m AOD to 5m AOD as the landform falls towards the River Cam which runs south to north approximately 200m to the west. The west parcel is approximately 16.5ha and is characterised by open agricultural land bounded on 3 sides by native hedgerows of and occasional trees. The eastern boundary is predominantly open and bounded by a ditch apart from some singular dispersed trees and associated ruderal vegetation.

3.1.4 Land use adjacent to the east of the west parcel is primarily residential along the B1047, with development being concentrated around Musgrave Way. Further to the south along the B1047 and still adjacent to the west parcel is a primary school and allotments. Land use to the parcels southern boundary is associated with paddocks and equine activity. To the west of the west parcel land use is split between residential at Green End and Wright’s Close and Public Open Space. To the north of the parcel, land is within agricultural use.

3.1.5 The east parcel is approximately 70ha and is located to the south of the A14, to the north of the High Ditch Road with Low Fen Drove Way demarking the eastern boundary, the western boundary runs along, and is contained by the development within Fen Ditton. (See Figure 2 Opportunities and Constraints) Within the parcel the landform is generally flat at 10m AOD. There are a series of drainage ditches running across the parcel, however these are flat features within a very open landscape.

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3.1.6 Surrounding land use to the south and west is primarily residential with agricultural land being the dominating land use beyond the A14 and the Low Fen Drove Way.

3.1.7 The parcel is bounded on three sides by well-established native hedgerows and associated trees. The boundary to the west is more open and less vegetated, and characterised by edge of settlement garden boundaries; this is also typical of a section of the parcels south west boundary where it adjoins residential development at Fen Ditton. The parcels northern boundary, although well vegetated is dominated by the A14, which is elevated above the height of the surrounding landscape.

3.1.8 The eastern parcel is divided into 2 smaller parcels by the route of a disused railway line running north to south. This route is now a well vegetated green corridor cutting through the parcel.

3.1.9 The village's history is closely connected to its position on the River Cam, which provided trade throughout the medieval period and its principal connection to other settlements. The village structure has a traditional ribbon pattern along two main streets, the B1046 and the High Ditch Road/Green End. Infilling has occurred over time along these routes with varying ages of property noted within the village however it still largely retains its linear pattern. More recent changes are less in keeping with this, such as the development at Musgrave Way and much more recently the development of 14 homes at the Blue Lion Site. The architectural character of Fen Ditton is varied due to this ‘infil’ development taking place throughout the village; this has had the effect of deteriorating any individual village character that Fen Ditton may have had prior to these isolated developments taking place. More recently developments along the High Ditch Road and at the village cross roads have also added to a loss of individuality. See Appendix 3 for examples.

3.2 Published Landscape Character Assessments

3.2.1 A brief summary of the published landscape character assessments in the context of the Fen Ditton site are detailed below. Refer Figure 4, Cambridge Landscape Character Areas.

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3.2.2 National Character Area: The Site lies on the edge of National Character Area (NCA) 88 Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire Claylands (Appendix B). The Site is also within close proximity to NCA 87 and 46.

3.2.3 NCA 88 comprises of most of central and northern Bedfordshire and western Cambridgeshire. Key characteristics include;

• Gently undulating topography and plateau areas, divided by broad shallow valleys.

• Predominantly an open and intensive arable landscape. Fields bounded by either open ditches or sparse closely trimmed hedges both containing variable number and quality of hedgerow trees.

• River corridors of Great Ouse and Ivel compose cohesive sub-areas characterised by flood plain grassland, riverine willows and larger hedges.

• Woodland cover variable. Clusters of ancient deciduous woods on higher plateau area to northwest between Salcey and Grafham Water. Smaller plantations and secondary woodland within river valleys.

• Settlement pattern clusters around major road and rail corridors (A1 and M1) many with raw built edges. Smaller, dispersed settlements elsewhere. Village edge grasslands an important feature.

• Generally a diversity of building materials, including brick, thatch and stone. Limestone villages on the upper Great Ouse.1

The Site is generally in keeping with these key features.

3.2.4 Cambridge Landscape Character Assessment (2003): The Cambridge Landscape Character Assessment (Cambs LCA) identifies the Site as falling within two identified landscape character areas; The River Corridor - Open Rural and Rural Lowland Mosaic - Eastern Transition Lands, (see Figure 4 CAMBS LCA). These two character areas overlap across the western parcel leading to the western parcel being completely

1 NCA 88 Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire Claylands Page 134

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covered by both Landscape Character Areas. Following a Site visit it is considered that the western parcel has more characteristics in common with The Rural Lowland Mosaic - Eastern Transition Lands Landscape Character Area and as such will be considered to fall within this character area. The eastern parcel is completely within the Rural Lowland Mosaic - Eastern Transition Lands. Each Landscape Character area has different characteristics, features and opportunities. The following extracts are taken directly from the Cambridge Landscape Character Assessment (2003):

3.2.5 Rural Lowland Mosaic - Eastern Transition Lands : This area lies to the east of Cambridge and is generally low lying between 10 and 15m above sea level. The underlying chalk to the south gradually slopes down to the fens area to the north. It is a transition zone where the characteristic chalkland vegetation of the south is essentially retained until it reaches the Fen area to the north.

3.2.6 The airport is a flat area, bounded by major roads. The Cambridge Airport runway, the large aircraft hangers and Marshall’s work dominate the area. These hangers have a negative impact on the landscape. They block potential views of the City skyline. They are very visible from the east. Travelling in a westward direction along the A14, their appearance is one of the first indicators that Cambridge is close by. The runway and Airport are very visible from Coldham’s Lane and Airport Way.

3.2.7 The open areas of closely cut grassland of Marshall’s airport links the notional countryside with Coldham’s Common and then by way of the gravel workings and Cherry Hinton Hall through to the chalklands to the south. The airport is devoid of trees, and the management regime of the grassland so severe that diversity of habitat and wildlife is actively discouraged.

3.2.8 There is a Definitive Footpath along a partly hedged field boundary adjacent to the airport. Ancient hedgerows are recorded in this area.

3.2.9 This area is proposed for major urban expansion.

Defining Character

• Rural Lowland Mosaic - Eastern Transition is not a Defining Character of Cambridge.

Characteristic Features

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• Flat, open monotonous space;

• close cut grassland with few trees; and

• long views.

Pressures

• pressures from development - this area has been identified as a possible location for major new urban extension within a substantial green framework and incorporating high quality public transport and non-vehicular transport infrastructure.

Vision

• Use development to facilitate and enable the creation of character and to improve the setting of the City, enhance landscape features and biodiversity to improve amenity while seeking opportunities for access and informal recreation opportunities.

Opportunities

• use development opportunities to open up views of the City skyline;

• use development opportunities to create visual character and cohesion of area, to improve and or create important new green corridors which enhance the setting, character and biodiversity of the City and which link in to existing open space framework;

• use development opportunities to link Hobson’s Conduit through Nine Wells to the Gog MaGog Hills.

• increase habitat diversity and wildlife interest;

• create new commons and open spaces with links to adjacent common and open space areas;

• take Biodiversity Action Plans into account in future development or management plans.

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3.3 Landscape Resource – West Parcel

3.3.1 See Appendix A figure 5 for Photo Viewpoint locations. For individual Viewpoint (VP) photographs see Appendix B Photosheets 1 – 4.

3.3.2 The parcel is currently agricultural land laid to arable use. (see VP1)The parcel is divided by an internal native hedgerow which splits the parcel into one larger parcel (15.5ha), and a smaller separate parcel (0.9ha) to the south eastern corner. The larger parcel is open with no internal boundaries. The larger parcel is bounded on three sides by well- established hedgerows (mixed species including hawthorn, prunus, ash and privet) and associated trees (mixed species including ash, birch and horse chestnut) (See VP1). The eastern boundary is ditched and open apart from some singular dispersed trees and associated ruderal vegetation (See VP2). The smaller parcel is in equine/pastoral use, and is bounded by established hedgerows on all but the eastern boundary. This eastern boundary is predominantly free from vegetation apart from a 45m section of hedgerow; otherwise the boundary is made up of a three bar wooden fence in character to its use (See VP3).

3.3.3 The parcel is flat with the landform gently falling to the north from 10m AOD to 5m AOD as the topography falls towards the River Cam which runs south to north approximately 200m to the west.

3.3.4 The parcel is contained within the development pattern of Fen Ditton as it has extended along the B1047 and along Green End.

3.3.5 Bordering the parcel to the south west is Fen Ditton Recreation Ground. The Recreation Ground contains a pavilion, a cricket pitch, several football pitches, a basketball court and a children's playground (See VP4). It is accessed via an entrance on Green End and by Public Footpath 85/3 which is also the route of the Fen Rivers Way Recreational Route. The boundary between the recreation ground and the west parcel is made up of a row of trees with intermittent hedgerow planting beneath. Adjacent to the Recreation Ground is the Village Cemetery. The vegetation bounding both the cemetery and Recreation Ground is largely permeable along this boundary, providing views in and out from the Public Footpath (See VP5).

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3.3.6 The parcel is well served by Public Rights of Way. Along the parcels northern boundary runs a byway open to all traffic (Field Lane) which connects the B1047 and Green End. Along the western boundary runs a Public Footpath which runs through the Recreation Ground along the edge of the parcel to Field Lane. The Recreational Route ‘Fen Rivers Way’ runs along this section of Public Footpath. There is also a short section of Public Footpath connecting the Fen Rivers Way to Green End. The Fen Rivers Way is a long distance footpath that spans a distance of 50 miles (80 kilometres). The path runs between the City of Cambridge and the town of King’s Lynn in West Norfolk. It follows the course of many rivers that drain slowly across the fenland landscape into the Wash. It provides a small part of European Long Distance Path E2 which goes from Nice to Galway.

3.3.7 Approximately 250m to the south west of the parcel is The Parish Church of St Mary Virgin, on Church Street. This is a grade 2* listed building. The Church acts as a focal point within the village with views of the Tower visible across the village and surrounding landscape (See VP6). This is especially evident on the approach to Fen Ditton from the A14, where the tower is a clear vertical feature in views across the existing arable field (See VP7).

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3.3.8 The parcels landscape is generally representative of The Rural Lowland Mosaic - Eastern Transition Landscape Character, with it being a flat low lying space of singular character, few trees and long views. Incongruous elements such as the A14 motorway detract within the immediate vicinity.

3.3.9 The Site is considered to make a positive contribution to the local landscape character. The existing character of the Site contains some attributes representative of the local landscape character and adjoins some incongruous elements, but overall the Site does not detract from the local landscape character.

3.4 Landscape Resource – East Parcel

3.4.1 The Site is currently agricultural land laid to arable use. The parcel is divided into two individual parcels by the route of a disused railway line running north to south (See VP9). This route is now a well vegetated green corridor cutting through the parcel. The larger parcel to the west of the disused railway line measures approximately 53ha and the smaller parcel to the east approximately 17ha.

3.4.2 The smaller parcel is open with a series of drainage ditches running across the parcel, but there are no internal boundaries apart from a low dividing hedgerow running north to south across the parcel (See VP9). The parcel is bounded on three sides by well- established hedgerows (mixed species including hawthorn, prunus, ash and privet) and associated trees. The southern boundary is vegetated for 275m from the disused railway line along the High Ditch Road, it then becomes open and is bounded by a ditch and associated ruderal vegetation. The parcel is flat, and at the 10m AOD. The A14 dominates the parcels northern boundary and is elevated above the surrounding landscape (See VP9).

The larger parcel is a series of large agricultural fields. These are separated by a series of drainage ditches running across the parcel, which lead to the impression of one larger field (See VP8). There are two hedgerows to the parcels south west corner which act to separate this section of the parcel from the remainder of the parcel, but other than this, the parcel is very open, and very flat, at 10m AOD across the parcel.

3.4.3 The larger parcel is bounded by the disused railway line to the east and the established vegetation associated with this, vegetation is typically semi mature trees and hedge

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species. To the north the A14 is the dominating feature and creates a strong boundary banked by native hedgerow. The parcels west boundaries are partly associated with development at Fen Ditton to rear of Musgrave Way (See VP13). Here the boundary is typical of residential garden boundaries. Adjacent to Musgrave way is an allotment which the parcel weaves around as it juts out from the development edge. The allotment is predominantly open, however its southern boundary is well vegetated with hedgerow and semi mature trees. Adjacent to the allotments is a residential property accessed from the B1047 and then the existing primary school site. The School is contained by a well-established hedgerow. To the north of the residential properties at Musgrove Way, the parcel boarders the B1047, here the B1047 is elevated as it passes over the A14. This boundary contains a hedge row with species including maple, ash and hawthorn.

3.4.4 There are limited Public Rights of Way surrounding the east parcel. Public Footpath 85/9 runs south from the High Ditch Road towards the Green House Plantation, and there is a permissive footpath along the disused railway to the south of the High Ditch Road.

3.4.5 The parcels landscape is generally representative of The Rural Lowland Mosaic - Eastern Transition Landscape Character, with it being a flat low lying space of singular character, few trees and long views, and recognisable characteristics of NCA 88; Predominantly an open and intensive arable landscape. Fields bounded by either open ditches or sparse closely trimmed hedges both containing variable number and quality of hedgerow trees.

3.4.6 Incongruous elements such as the A14 motorway detract within the immediate vicinity.

3.4.7 The Site is considered to make a positive contribution to the local landscape character. The existing character of the Site contains attributes representative of the local and national landscape character and adjoins some incongruous elements, but overall the Site does not detract from the local or national landscape character.

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3.5 Visual Resource

3.5.1 Documented visual characteristics within the Rural Lowland Mosaic - Eastern Transition Lands include:

• Long Views2

3.5.2 The eastern parcel represents this characteristic, however the western parcel is more contained and so views are more restricted.

3.5.3 Views of the A14 are prominent from the east parcel.

3.6 Views from the Site

3.6.1 West Parcel: The parcel is well contained and views are restricted by the boundary vegetation. Views to the north are restricted by vegetation associated with the A14, restricting long distance views and views of the A14. Views to the east from within the parcel are close and primarily of the residential properties on the B1047. There is a long distance view to the east between boundary vegetation down the access track to the eastern parcel. Boundary vegetation to the east limits views west however there are direct views to the rear of properties on Green End and Wrights Close through gaps in the boundary vegetation. Boundary vegetation screens immediate views to the south, although views are possible through the weaker boundary associated with the Recreation Ground offering views of the pavilion and to the cemetery to the south east.

3.6.2 Distant Views are limited (other than discussed above) from within the west parcel due to its contained character. From viewpoints to the north east of the parcel there are views to the south west of The Parish Church of St Mary Virgin, on Church Street. This is a grade 2* listed building approximately 250m to the south west of the parcel. Views to the north are limited by vegetation associated with the A14 and a small area of woodland. There are a number of visual detractors within the landscape. Large scale electricity pylons to the north of the A14 are visible over the vegetation, and two sets of

2 Cambridge Landscape Character Assessment April 2003 p55

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telegraph poles, one running down the parcels western boundary and partly dissecting the parcel to the south. The other traverses the parcels northern boundary.

3.6.3 East Parcel: The east parcel is predominantly open, and views from within the parcel are across the immediate agricultural fields. Viewpoints from the north west corner of the parcel offer long views within the parcel towards the south east across the agricultural land, the lack of internal vertical boundaries give the impression of a singular large agricultural field. From within the parcel, adjacent to the B1047, there are very long distance views across the parcel to the Wadlow Wind Farm located approximately 10km to the east. The vegetation associated with the disused railway limits views into the smaller eastern parcel, although glimpsed views are present through gaps in the vegetation which act as farm access tracks. Views from the parcels southern boundary to the north are of the A14 and its associated boundary vegetation. Views from the east of the parcel are back to Fen Ditton, these views are predominantly of residential development along the B1047, and the High Ditch Road. The new large residential development on the High Ditch Road, opposite Shepherd’s Close is within wider views from within the parcel when looking back to Fen Ditton. This development, although in keeping with the farm character is large in scale compared to the cottages and smaller residential properties along the High Ditch Road.

3.6.4 Views from within the smaller parcel to the east are similar to that of the larger area of the eastern parcel, however views west are contained by the disused railway line. Vegetation at Low Fen Drove Way helps contain views as it crossed the A14, however there are still long open views to the east.

3.7 Views of the Site

3.7.1 Views of the Proposal Area vary from the east and west parcel, and as such are described separately.

3.7.2 West Parcel: Close views of the west parcel from residential properties along the B1047 looking west are direct and generally uninterrupted due to the lack of any substantial intervening vegetation. There are limited views to the rear of residential properties on Wrights Close and very glimpsed views of the rear of residential properties on Green End.

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3.7.3 The B1047 passes directly to the east of the parcel offering direct and generally uninterrupted transient views of the parcel. The B1047 crosses over the A14 at approximately 400m to the north of the west parcel. Traveling across the A14 towards Fen Ditton the B1047 is elevated offering views across the western parcel towards the The Parish Church of St Mary Virgin, on Church Street within Fen Ditton.

3.7.4 There are direct views across the parcel from the Public Footpath 85/3 which runs along the parcels western boundary. This is also the route of the Fen Rivers Way Recreational Route. The Byway on Field Lane has glimpsed views from the north through the boundary vegetation across the parcel.

3.7.5 There are direct views through gaps in the boundary vegetation from The Fen Ditton Recreation Ground. Existing trees and hedges offer some screening, but the where there are gaps in this vegetation, views are across the parcel. The Cemetery located to the south of the Recreational Ground has glimpsed views of the parcel through gaps within the same boundary.

3.7.6 There are four Residential properties on Wrights Close which back on to the parcel, and there will be views from the first floor windows of these properties across the parcel over the existing boundary hedge. There will also be similar views from the rear of a very limited number of residential properties on Green End.

3.7.7 Fen Ditton Community Primary School is located on the B1047 and has direct views across the parcel, it is also considered that when people are engaged with the ‘dropping off’ of collection of children they will also have views across the parcel.

3.7.8 East Parcel: The A14 passes to the north of the parcel offering direct transient views across the parcel. It should be considered that any views from the A14 will be transient (this is a high speed road) and that there is an existing hedgerow associated with the A14 which will also restrict views.

3.7.9 The B1047 passes directly to the west of the east parcel offering direct and generally uninterrupted transient views of the parcel for a short section as you approach the village gateway. The B1047 crosses over the A14 at the northwest corner of the parcel. From the B1047 overpass of the A14 there are wide and open elevated views of the eastern parcel, views are only interrupted by the disused railway vegetation which

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restricts views into the smaller area of the parcel. Traveling across the A14 towards Fen Ditton the B1047 is elevated offering views south towards the Fen Ditton village gateway.

3.7.10 Vehicles traveling west along the High Ditch Road will have direct views into the smaller section of the east parcel for an approximately 500m stretch as they approach the Low Fen Drove Way and continue past it heading west. Views will be transient and are across the this section of the parcel to the A14 and its associated vegetation. Views into the parcel are only restricted by the hedgerow that begins approximately 250m before the bridge over the disused railway. Where the High Ditch Road crosses the Disused Railway, the road is elevated, offering a quick glimpsed view down across the larger area of the east parcel and the A14.

3.7.11 The Low Fen Drove Way is a small road that crosses the A14 to the east of the east parcel and demarks the eastern Site Boundary. The road is elevated as it crosses the A14, and the embankments are vegetated which help to screen views across the parcel.

3.7.12 Residential properties on the B1047 are generally set proud to the road with gardens to the rear with existing garden vegetation restricting views into the parcel, however residential properties on Musgrave Way back on to the parcel and there are views across the parcel from first floor windows, with potentially partial views from some ground floor windows.

3.7.13 There will be views of the east parcel from the rear of residential properties on the High Ditch Road. Boundary vegetation will generally restrict ground floor views; however there will be direct views from residential properties opposite Shepherds Close, most notably associated with the new residential development within this locality. Views from properties to the west of Francis Court Business Centre will have very little potential for views due to angle of view and the presence of wooded vegetation helping to screen the parcel. the new development at the crossroads of the B1047 and the High Ditch Road has the potential for views from the first floor windows, but this is unlikely due to the presence of the wooded vegetation to the rear of these properties.

3.7.14 There are potentially views back to the parcel from an area of higher ground at Lark Hall Corner, some 10km to the east. Land is elevated to 100m AOD, however it is

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determined that at this distance, potential development will be seen against the urban backdrop of Fen Ditton.

4 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL APPRASIAL

4.1 Proposal

4.1.1 This section of the report considers the results of the initial baseline work in the context of future potential residential development of both the east and west parcels. At the time of writing this report there is no outline proposals in place for potential development and so this assessment is solely based on the suitability of the parcels to accommodate residential development.

4.2 Landscape Effect

4.2.1 The effect of the proposed changes to the Proposal Area, specifically on the identified landscape receptors (attributes) has been reviewed including consideration of changes to the existing landscape resource, the introduction of new elements within the landscape and changes to local perceptions of the Proposal Area.

4.2.2 East Parcel: A landscape led site layout would help ensure that new built form does not dominate in the landscape but responds to the underlying topography of the flat valley. Valley floor settlement is commonplace within the locality, and the proposed development should respond to the site topography and aim to limit any substantial ground modelling effects. Existing boundary hedgerows and trees should be retained and reinforced. As discussed this parcel has characteristics closer to Rural Lowland Mosaic - Eastern Transition Lands. Development should recognise the vision of the Cambs LCA and facilitate and enable the creation of character and to improve the setting of the City, enhance landscape features and biodiversity to improve amenity while seeking opportunities for access and informal recreation opportunities.

4.2.3 Views should be maintained to The Parish Church of St Mary Virgin, on Church Street within Fen Ditton.

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4.2.4 Any development within this parcel should recognise the importance of creating a village gateway setting along the B1047.

4.2.5 Development should seek to enhance the PROW which run adjacent to the parcel and any proposals should aim to enhance links to footpaths within the village and into the wider countryside.

4.2.6 Though influenced by the proximity of the A14 the Parcel as a whole, attains a reasonable level of tranquillity and supports a medium level of use for passive and active recreational pursuits associated with the PROW, Recreational Route and adjacent Recreational Ground. The amenity value of the wider Cam Valley area to these users (receptors) is important and will continue to be so into the foreseeable future. Any development should support the continued use of the Cam Valley as a recreational resource.

4.2.7 In terms of the existing landscape resource, the main issues to be considered and addressed with regard to any proposed development of this parcel are: the conservation and management of the majority of the existing hedgerows / hedgerow trees within and bounding the Proposal Area.

4.2.8 West Parcel: As with the east parcel a landscape led site layout would help ensure that new built form does not dominate in the landscape but responds to the underlying topography of the flat valley. The proposed development should respond to the site topography and aim to limit any substantial ground modelling effects. Existing boundary hedgerows and trees should be retained and reinforced.

4.2.9 The east parcel is more influenced by the proximity of the A14 as a whole; however the parcel still attains a reasonable level of tranquillity. The large open landscape reduces the effects of the A14 within the locality.

4.2.10 There is limited use for any recreational pursuits associated with the east parcel, and development proposals should aim, to improve and or create important new green corridors which enhance the setting, character and biodiversity of the City and which link in to existing open space framework, enhancing the opportunity for recreational opportunities. The disused railway offers an opportunity for enhancing footpath networks and green links within the parcel.

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4.2.11 In terms of the existing landscape resource, the main issues to be considered and addressed with regard to any proposed development of this parcel are: the conservation and management of the majority of the existing hedgerows / hedgerow trees within and bounding the Proposal Area, especially vegetation associated with the disused railway.

4.3 Visual Effect

4.3.1 The likely value placed upon views by people or the visual amenity of the locality is evaluated to help assess the effects of proposed development.

4.3.2 Consideration of the visual amenity has been undertaken in the summer months when deciduous vegetation is in full leaf. As such, the assessment has endeavoured to make informed judgements applicable to visual amenity throughout the year and the consideration of seasonal views, i.e. in the winter months when vegetation is devoid of foliage.

4.3.3 The PROWs within the area are relatively well used, given the location of the site on the edge of Cambridge. The visual amenity of the Proposal Area within the wider Cam Valley locality has been identified as ‘fair’ and despite the presence of incongruous elements such as transport infrastructure, telegraph pylons and electricity pylons it is possible to find places where these are not apparent.

4.3.4 East Parcel: The following table identifies the people within the area who are likely to be affected by the change in views and visual amenity resulting from the proposed development.

Residential viewpoints

Residential properties on Likely to incur partially obscured and some direct views of High Ditch Road. parcel from first floor windows. Existing vegetation along the road will screen views.

Residential properties on Views of the parcel are restricted by property orientation, B1047 built form and vegetation. Existing views exist from the rear of residential properties on Musgrave Way.

1548 LVIA 13.09.255 Landscape and Visual Impact Appraisal: Land at Fen Ditton, Cambridge 19

Public viewpoints

Public Footpath Given its proximity to the Proposal Area views of the southern edge of the Development Site would limited. (PROW 85/9) Established vegetation on the High Ditch Road screen views north towards the Parcel.

Permissive Footpath Contained within the disused railway line, views are to the (PPA/0008) immediate surroundings and will give no views of parcel whilst within the cutting.. This permissive path does have access from the High Ditch Road however, and there may be glimpsed views though the hedgerow vegetation at this point.

Transport routes

A14 (westbound Travellers on the A14 westbound carriageway may carriageway) experience fleeting long views of the parcel. However, the speed at which these views are seen allows for only brief recognition of features in the landscape.

High Ditch Road Travellers on the High Ditch Road experience views into the parcel through gaps within the boundary hedgerow. Development within the parcel would appear to bring the village gateway further east.

B1047 Views of the parcel are limited to an approximate 200m section from the southbound approach to Fen Ditton Village from the A14. Although only for a short distance, development within the immediate foreground area of the view will lead to the village gateway being drawn north along the B1047.

Low Fen Drove Way This lane is little used other than by farm traffic. Existing vegetation will help to screen views from this location.

1548 LVIA 13.09.25 20 Landscape and Visual Impact Appraisal: Land at Fen Ditton, Cambridge

Places of work

Francis Court Business This is a small collection of business units located off the Centre High Ditch Road. The orientation of the buildings restrict views across the wider parcel, but there would be views east across the wider landscape. Transient views of the proposed development would only be applicable to employees when travelling to and from work.

4.3.5 West Parcel: The following table identifies the people within the area who are likely to be affected by the change in views and visual amenity resulting from the proposed development.

Residential viewpoints

Residential properties on There are direct views across the parcel from residential B1047. properties on the B1047. Any development within this parcel will directly affect views from a significant number of properties in this locality.

Residential properties on Residential properties form a ribbon development pattern Green End. at Green End, and are typically located fronting close to the road with larger rear gardens. This serves to limit views from the rear of these properties. There will be views from first floor windows of properties set slightly further back through gaps within the parcels boundary vegetation.

Residential properties on Properties to the rear of Wrights Close back on to the Wrights Close. parcel and offer views into the parcel from first floor windows.

1548 LVIA 13.09.255 Landscape and Visual Impact Appraisal: Land at Fen Ditton, Cambridge 21

Public viewpoints

Public Footpath Given its immediate proximity to the parcel views of any development within the parcel would be evident from this (PROW 85/3) PROW (Fen Rivers Way). Fen Rivers Way

Byway Given its immediate proximity to the parcel and the extent of the boundary vegetation along this boundary, views of (PROW 85/5) any development within the parcel would be glimpsed from this PROW.

Public Footpath Views of the parcel are limited from this PROW due to its orientation away from the parcel, however where it joins (PROW 85/4) the Fen Rivers Way (PROW 85/3) any development within the parcel would be evident from this location.

Fen Ditton Recreation The immediate proximity of this receptor to the parcel Ground leads to development within the parcel having the potential to be visible through gaps in the existing boundary at this point.

Fen Ditton Cemetery The immediate proximity of this receptor to the parcel leads to development within the parcel having the potential to be visible through gaps in the existing boundary.

Fen Ditton Community There are direct views across the parcel from the School Primary School buildings and the ‘dropoff locations’. Any development within this parcel will directly affect views from this locality.

1548 LVIA 13.09.25 22 Landscape and Visual Impact Appraisal: Land at Fen Ditton, Cambridge

Transport routes

A14 (westbound Travellers on the A14 westbound carriageway would not carriageway) views of the parcel. However, if any views are possible the speed at which these views are seen allows for only brief recognition of features in the landscape.

B1047 Direct views of the parcel are for an approximate 850m section. When approaching the Village from the north views to The Parish Church of St Mary Virgin, on Church Street within Fen Ditton are important and should be maintained.

Places of work

4.4 Visual Considerations

4.4.1 Key visual issues to be addressed in considering the proposed development of the parcels are: the relationship of the existing properties on the B1047 and the High Ditch Road to the development; the potential visual effects on PROW 85/3 (Fen Rivers Way) and PROW 85/5; the treatment of the disused railway; and opportunities to allow views out to the countryside to the east. Enhancement of the existing village gateway along the B1047 whilst maintaining views to The Parish Church of St Mary Virgin, on Church Street within Fen Ditton.

1548 LVIA 13.09.255 Landscape and Visual Impact Appraisal: Land at Fen Ditton, Cambridge 23

5 POTENTIAL LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL STRATEGY

5.1 General Principles

5.1.1 It is considered that a 3 phase approach would be appropriate to any form of development within this location. Potential phasing is outlined on Figure 3.

• Phase 1: Is for development within the west parcel and for land within the village visual envelope within the east parcel.

• Phase 2: Is for the potential introduction of an educational facility within the east parcel.

• Phase 3: Is for expansion of phase 1 and 2 development within the east parcel.

5.2 Opportunities

• Use development opportunities to open up views of the City skyline; - Views from within the parcels towards the City are limited. Any development within the parcels should not block any potential long distance views across Fen Ditton to Cambridge City.

• Use development opportunities to create visual character and cohesion of area, to improve and or create important new green corridors which enhance the setting, character and biodiversity of the City and which link in to existing open space framework; - Opportunity to create areas of Public Open Space within the potential development parcels which can link into the existing Public Footpath network. Opportunity to create a green link from Cambridge to the wider landscape by opening up the disused railway for public access. Development should be in keeping with the existing rural character of Fen Ditton and look to enhance the existing visual character.

• Increase habitat diversity and wildlife interest;

1548 LVIA 13.09.25 24 Landscape and Visual Impact Appraisal: Land at Fen Ditton, Cambridge

- Any change in landscape from agricultural to areas of potential POS and amenity areas should be designed and managed for the enhancement of biodiversity and habitat creation.

• Create new commons and open spaces with links to adjacent common and open space areas; - Public Open Space should not be developed in isolation, but as part of a wider open space network where movement and transition is encouraged.

• Take Biodiversity Action Plans into account in future development or management plans. - Any new development should consider local targets and objectives and where possible BAPs of Management plans should be supported as closely as possible, for example specific habitat creation.

1548 LVIA 13.09.255 Appendix A

LAND AT FEN DITTON, CAMBRIDGE Figures 1-5

September 2013

FIGURE 1 Opportunities and Constraints - West Parcel

LEGEND

Promotion Site

Area considered with most potential for promotion View into Site from elevated section of B1047 through Views into Site gaps in boundary vegetation. A14

Glimpsed views across northern area of View across Site from B1047 Site through gaps in boundary hedge from Public Right of Way. View to the Tower of the Church of St Mary the Virgin

River Cam Tower of Church of St Mary the Virgin visible beyond Site, through gaps in Public Open Space boundary vegetation. Direct views from the rear of properties on Green End and Wrights Close. Allotments

Conservation Area Village Gateway set back beyond proposed extent of development Church of St Mary the Virgin Grade II*

Key Blocks of Screening Vegetation

Village Gateway Direct views across northern area of Site from Public Open Space Direct views into Site along B1047 from through gaps in boundary vegetation residential properties, and public highway Restricted Byway

Public Footpath

Tra c Free Cycle Route

Recreational Route

LISTED BUILDINGS Grade II* Church of St Mary the Virgin Direct views into southern area of River Cam Site along B1047 from public highway through gaps in boundary hedge. Interior hedgerow blocks views across northern section of the Site.

Project: Fen Ditton

Client: Carter Jonas LLP

Date: September 2013

Scale: See Bar Scale

Status: Final

0 100m 250m

© Crown copyright and database rights 2013 Ordnance Survey Licence No. 0100031673, Liz Lake Associates Ltd Licence Number AR189650. © Liz lake Associates FIGURE 2 Opportunities and Constraints - East Parcel

A14

Views across northern area of Site from B1047 as it crosses A14. Proposed residential development parcel is obstructed from view by allotments and existing hedgerow vegetation.

River Cam

Long distance views across Site and wider Landscape from B1047 Wind Turbines at Wadlow visible Direct views across wider landscape in far distance from within Site

Proposed development parcel not visible from village Gateway

Views to proposed development TheSite is considerably open and forms parcel are limited from within one large parcel of land. Fen Ditton Where elds have been seperated they are mainly deliniated by ditches.

Existing hedgerows oer potential development parcels adjacent to the existing development without inpinging on Gateway views. River Cam Disused Railway

Strong vegetated boundary associated with disused railway

Parcel identied for potential There has been considerable develomment educational facility (10ha). A14 to Fen Ditton along the High Ditch Road to the East of the B1047

Views across Site from road Disused Railway bridge over disused railway

LEGEND Project: Fen Ditton View to proposed residential Views into Site School development Site Village Gateway Restricted Byway Promotion Site Client: Carter Jonas LLP

Recient development Date: Views out of Site Allotments Tra c Free Cycle Route Proposed location of new September 2013 within Fen Ditton Public Footpath School Site (10ha) Scale: NTS View across Site from Area considered with most Key Blocks of Screening Recreational Route B1047 potential for promotion Vegetation Permissive Footpath Status: Final © Based upon Ordnance Survey map, with the permission of the controller of HMSO © Crown Copyright, Liz Lake Associates Ltd Licence Number AR189650. © Liz lake Associates FIGURE 3 Phasing Plan

LEGEND

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Marshalls Development at Wing

Project: Fen Ditton

Client: Carter Jonas LLP

Date: September 2013

Scale: See Bar Scale

Status: Final 0 500m

© Based upon Ordnance Survey map, with the permission of the controller of HMSO © Crown Copyright, Liz Lake Associates Ltd Licence Number AR189650. © Liz lake Associates FIGURE 4 Cambridge Landscape Character Assessment 2012

LEGEND

Rural Lowland Mosaic - Eastern Transition Lands

The River Corridor - Open Rural

Marshalls Development at Wing

Project: Fen Ditton

Client: Carter Jonas LLP

Date: September 2013

Scale: See Bar Scale

Status: Final

0 500m

© Based upon Ordnance Survey map, with the permission of the controller of HMSO © Crown Copyright, Liz Lake Associates Ltd Licence Number AR189650. © Liz lake Associates FIGURE 5 LVIA Photo Viewpoint Locations

VP1 VP7

VP8

VP4

WP1 VP2

VP13

VP5

EP1

VP6 VP3 EP3

EP4 VP12 WP2 EP2

VP10

VP9/11

© COPYRIGHT BY LIZ LAKE ASSOCIATES Project: Land at Fen Ditton Client: Carter Jonas LLP Date: September 2013 Reproduced from Ordnance Survey map data by permission of Ordnance Survey © Crown copyright 2013 Licence No.100007196 © Crown copyright and database rights 2013 Ordnance Survey Licence No.0100031673 Appendix B LAND AT FEN DITTON, CAMBRIDGE Photosheets 1 - 4

September 2013

Photosheet 1 West Parcel Site Photographs

VP1: Parcel is currently in agricultural use

VP2: Open boundary to East

VP3: Boundary is open in South East corner of portal. land is in equine/pasture use

VP4: Fen Ditton Recreation Ground

VP5: Views across the Recreation Ground from within the cemetery back towards the Parcel through the more open South West boundary

Church

VP6: St Mary the Virgin Church WP7: View across Parcal through gaps in Boundary Vegetation to St Mary the Virgin Church tower

VP 8: View along B1047 to village ‘Gateway’ and across east Parcel

A14

Vegetation associated with disused railway line

VP 9: View North across Parcel towards disused railway and A14

VP10: Disused railway permissive footpath VP 11: View East across Parcel to Lower Fen Drove Way

VP12: View North East across Parcel to A14 and disused railway

A14 Wadlow Wind Farm Allotments

VP13: View East across Parcel to allotments and A14

September 2013

Character Area Bedfordshire and 88 Cambridgeshire Claylands

Key Characteristics level fenlands, and to the south where they meet the chalklands which run between Dunstable and Cambridge. ● Gently undulating topography and plateau areas, To the south west there is a more gradual transition towards divided by broad shallow valleys. the Upper Thames Clay Vales and Midvale Ridge. To the north lies the Yardley-Whittlewood Ridge, while the valley ● Predominantly an open and intensive arable of the river Nene marks the junction with the adjacent landscape. Fields bounded by either open ditches or Northamptonshire and Leicestershire Vales. Within, but sparse closely trimmed hedges both containing distinct from, the Claylands character area the Bedfordshire variable number and quality of hedgerow trees. Greensand Ridge to the south provides a contrasting narrow ● River corridors of Great Ouse and Ivel compose island of acidic soils with associated woodland and parkland. cohesive sub-areas characterised by flood plain grassland, riverine willows and larger hedges.

● Woodland cover variable. Clusters of ancient deciduous woods on higher plateau area to northwest between Salcey and Grafham Water. Smaller plantations and secondary woodland within river valleys.

● Settlement pattern clusters around major road and rail corridors (A1 and M1) many with raw built edges. Smaller, dispersed settlements elsewhere. Village edge grasslands an important feature.

● Generally a diversity of building materials, including brick, thatch and stone. Limestone villages on the upper Great Ouse.

● Man-made reservoir at Grafham Water. Restored gravel working lakes adjacent to river Ouse, and JOHN TYLER/COUNTRYSIDE AGENCY JOHN TYLER/COUNTRYSIDE water-bodies in Marston Vale resulting from clay Predominantly an open and intensive arable landscape, with large extraction. fields often bounded by open ditches with few hedgerow trees, as seen here at Offord Hill, Cambridgeshire. ● Brickfields of Marston Vale and Peterborough form a major industrial landscape. Mixed extraction, The area comprises a broad sweep of lowland plateau, dereliction and landfill. dissected by a number of shallow valleys, including the rivers Great Ouse and Ivel. It is typically an empty gently ● Medieval earthworks including deserted villages the undulating lowland landscape with expansive views of large- major feature of visible archaeology. scale arable farmland, contained either by sparse trimmed hedgerows, open ditches or streamside vegetation. Further Landscape Character east, field size typically increases. There are scattered These claylands comprise most of central and northern ancient woodlands which tend to be clustered most Bedfordshire and western Cambridgeshire. There is a noticeably in a band to the north of the area; elsewhere the distinct boundary to the east, where they run down to the woods are more isolated, yet form important visual and wildlife features.

134 10km 107 level in feet level height above sea- height above 0-200' 200-400' 400-600' 0 Area 88 boundary Area Adjacent Area Motorway A Road B Road and station Railway County boundary District boundary Bedfordshire and Bedfordshire Character Area Area Character 88 6 7

A1303 A14 5 Cambridgeshire Claylands

5 A10 A1307 A1301 CAMBRIDGE Cottenham 8 Histon

District M11 Cambridge

South Longstanton A10 District 4 Cambridgeshire 46

Somersham

87 A603

Needingworth A141 A428 Comberton 0

TF A14 TL

enstanton Ermine Street A1123 Bar Hill F 9 Bluntisham 4 CITY OF

apworth A1198 3 Ramsey P Everard St Ives District Great Gransden PETERBOROUGH UA PETERBOROUGH

A605

arboys Huntingdonshire Godmanchester A1073 W Dunton

otton A47

Great Ouse Great 3 River Nene River

Great Paxton Great A1(M)

Croxton Little Stukeley PETERBOROUGH

River A1 A507 Biggleswade 2 Little Paxton axley

A15 A1

A1 Sandy Clifton A15

A14 Brampton Buckden HUNTINGDON Sawtry 90

illington A603 Alconbury A421 ter Stilton CAMBRIDGESHIRE St Neots 110 92 W A600

75 Wa A47 1 Grafham Little Barford Barton-le-Clay Great A1 ilstead

Harrowden A16

Shefford

Great A605 W South Staughton Gidding

A6 District

Bedfordshire 2 A507 Harlington Brington Silsoe BEDFORD 89 Bedford District Kimbolton

elmersham Kym

A14 A6 F

Covington A5120 River

Riseley A421 SP 0 TL SP 0 empston Stanbridge BEDFORDSHIRE Mid K

District A4146 ootton

Bromham

Ouse Bedfordshire

W Great A4012

oddington

River A4012 Odell A422 Leighton Buzzard Cranfield Tur vey Sharnbrook Grand Union Canal A5 M1 Dacorum District agnell 9 Harrold Newport P 91 ing KEYNES MILTON Marsworth Olney Stoke Goldington W

A428

A422 A41 Sherington A418 ingrave MILTON W KEYNES UA 8 Stewkley Newton Longville

River Tove A421 A508 A422 Hanslope Thornborough 108 inslow

A5 W 7 otterspury P Deanshanger Buckingham ale V xcote Res. Akeley ylesbury District Fo A South

District

A43 River Finmere A4421 Northamptonshire 6 Great Ouse

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE A43 Brackley District Cherwell XFORDSHIRE 107 O

135 River Great Ouse at Offord Cluny, Cambridgeshire. The shallow valleys of the Ouse and the Ivel provide distinctive local character within the claylands including flood plain grasslands, riverine willows and larger hedgerows, as well as an important recreational resource. JOHN TYLER/COUNTRYSIDE AGENCY JOHN TYLER/COUNTRYSIDE

There are a number of distinctive sub-areas of varying scale. Huntingdon and St Ives, before meeting the fens at Earith. Firstly, between Bedford and the M1 is the Marston Vale, Grafham Water, one of the largest man-made reservoirs in a broad valley dominated by the effect of clay extraction England, is an important base for water-based recreation and the brick industry. Here, chimney stacks punctuate the and nature conservation. The lake is imposed on the local skyline and the strong smell of burnt clay frequently landscape, dominating the immediate locality but separated permeates the atmosphere. Enormous pits exist throughout from the surrounding arable landscape by gentle hills and the Vale, a few of which are currently being worked. Other woods. A final sub-area is the corridor of the river Tove pits are either derelict, have been restored to water uses, and Grand Union Canal to the west. Here mills, locks, or are utilized as major landfill sites. The latter create weirs and riverine pollards create a distinctive environment. prominent domed landforms in the level Vale. The extent The canal then runs southwards through Milton Keynes of these industrial areas is often concealed from the public alongside the river Ouzel passing through a series of linear roads but is more visible from the elevated railways and parks and amenity lakes. Greensand Ridge. Belts of mature poplars often emphasise the presence of these intrusive features. Physical Influences Secondly, a similar landscape exists south of Peterborough. The soils in the area are dominated by a variety of Thirdly, the valleys of the rivers Great Ouse and Ivel pass moderately permeable, calcareous, clayey soils. To the through the centre of the plateau lands. West of Bedford north these overlie a chalky boulder clay (glacial till), the Great Ouse meanders down from Buckinghamshire, whereas to the south they overlie Jurassic and Cretaceous firstly around the northern edge of Milton Keynes and then clays. The elevated clayland plateau to the west is dissected through a picturesque and enclosed landscape of water by the upper reaches of the Great Ouse which have better- meadows and attractive limestone villages towards Bedford. drained soils due to the underlying local Jurassic limestone. North of the confluence with the Ivel at Tempsford, the To the east of Bedford and north of Shefford, the broader valley broadens to create long distance views and big skies. river valleys of the river Ivel and its tributaries have well- Here, the fertile alluvial soil and river gravels combine to drained soils over alluvium and river terrace gravels. create a mosaic of market gardening, mixed with past and present mineral extraction of sand and gravels particularly The special properties for brick making of the Jurassic north of Sandy. River pollards and meadows line the flood Oxford Clay have marked it out as a target for extensive plain and river, most notably between St Neots, extraction in the Peterborough and Marston Vale areas.

136 Historical and Cultural Influences John Bunyan wrote Pilgrim’s Progress while imprisoned in Bedford jail. Fictitious locations in the novel drew The heavy soils of the claylands and dense woodland inspiration from sites known to the itinerant preacher, for deterred prehistoric farmers and Roman settlers who first example the poorly drained Marston Vale is considered to congregated along the lighter soils in the valleys of the be the ‘Slough of Despond’. Oliver Cromwell, a rivers Great Ouse and Ivel. Archaeological evidence is contemporary of Bunyan, was born in Huntingdon in abundant in these valleys, including the use by Viking ships 1599. The small market town of Olney now famous for of the Great Ouse as far upstream as Willington east of its Shrove Tuesday pancake race has an attractive broad Bedford, where there is evidence of a harbour and docks. High Street. It was home in the 18th century to the The first Roman and medieval settlements were at the river reformed slave trader Rev. John Newton and the poet crossings of the Ouse, including Huntingdon and William Cowper whose association led to the writing of Godmanchester, St Ives and St Neots. the Olney Hymns. With the improved ploughs of the Middle Ages, the The 20th century has brought a number of changes, population pressure grew on the higher heavier claylands noticeably in the brickfields of Peterborough and Marston and the pattern of agricultural landscapes developed. Vale, which the London Brick Company significantly Many settlements from this time have subsequently expanded from the 1930s. During the second world war either shrunk or been deserted which has led to a airfields were built on the level plateaux. Many are now richness of archaeology in a more sparsely populated derelict but those at Alconbury, Cranfield and Thurleigh landscape. Remains include moated sites, deserted survive as important technological and military centres. villages and ruined or isolated churches, for example Bushmead Priory.

The Marston Vale, to the south and west of Bedford, has a distinctive local character resulting from a history of clay extraction and the development of the brick industry. Enormous pits exist throughout the Vale, many now being used for landfill before restoration to agricultural or recreational use. JOHN TYLER/COUNTRYSIDE AGENCY JOHN TYLER/COUNTRYSIDE

137 Buildings and Settlement been extensive yet undistinguished expansion of existing towns, eg Bedford, St Neots, Biggleswade and The majority of the arable claylands are uniformly but Huntingdon. These often present raw industrial and sparsely populated. Small villages nestle in gentle valleys residential built edges to the open countryside, thereby while isolated hamlets and farmsteads are widely dispersed, degrading the river valley settings. Power lines and the gas particularly north of Bedford. Linear settlements, like fired power station at Little Barford provide further Riseley, are common in the area. Notable houses and modern intrusions in this corridor. grounds include Kimbolton Park and Croxton Park. The To the west of the area adjacent to the M1, Milton Keynes grandest example however is at Wrest Park, Silsoe, the has developed since the 1960s. The city, with its grid-iron estate of the de Grey family. The French Baroque/Rococo road pattern, extensive open spaces, tree planting and sleek style house, built c.1835, is unique in England. The formal modern buildings, is both a showcase new town and major gardens (English Heritage) comprise canals, pavilions and regional shopping centre. radiating vistas within woodland.

Land Cover

This is a predominantly arable, intensively farmed landscape with large areas of winter cereals and oilseed rape on the higher clay plateau. There is a pattern of large rectilinear fields which are notably larger east of the Ivel/Great Ouse divide. To the east hedgerows are typically mixed but in poor repair and gappy. Further to the west, hedges are predominantly hawthorn but the quality and integrity improves together with a greater, though still limited, number of hedgerow trees, mainly oak and ash. Mature stag-headed trees are characteristic. TIM ROOKE Streamside willow and stands of poplars emphasize the High density housing development on the edge of urban areas, river and stream corridors. such as Cambridge, results in further development pressures on landscape features and the cumulative landscape impact can be Clustered around many of the urban villages/settlements, very dramatic. are smaller yet significant areas of paddocks and pasture. Traditional building materials in the villages comprise a Here a ‘pony paddock culture’ with mixed fencing, sheds mix of brick, thatch, render and stone but there is no and jumps creates a distinct local character, as evident at over-riding cohesion to the area; rather more localised Wootton. Tree cover in gardens and village edge field pockets of style or materials. Most notable are the warm corners is also greater than in the more open farmed limestone villages of the upper Great Ouse at Olney, landscape and provides a contrasting intimacy, as for Harrold, Odell, Turvey and Felmersham, many of which example at Great Gransden. Pasture is common in the contain elegant Northamptonshire-style church spires and flood plain meadows along the river valleys. distinctive multi-arched stone bridges, for example at The woodland cover is sparse, yet includes some important Harrold, Turvey and Bromham. ancient woodlands, for example at Great Odell Wood, The towns along the lower Great Ouse contain a notable Marston Thrift, Wootton Wood, Brampton Wood and range of buildings including the High Street at Monks Wood, which include oak/ash coppice woods, Godmanchester which has many fine Georgian town houses. some of national importance. There is a greater Along the river, causeways and medieval bridges - including concentration of woodlands in an elevated band between the rare bridge chapel at St Ives - are distinctive features. Salcey Forest and Grafham Water on the Historic coaching towns along the Great North Road, for Northamptonshire/Bedfordshire border. Salcey Forest and example at Stilton and Buckden, are now bypassed and Yardley Chase are the remnants of ancient deer parks and provide the atmosphere of a bygone age. Kimbolton with its hunting forests which form distinctive historic landscapes red tiled town houses is a small yet distinguished model that have remained largely intact compared with the settlement. The associated ‘Castle’ was the final home of surrounding intensive arable areas. Catherine of Aragon. It was later extended by Vanburgh and Along the river valleys of the Great Ouse and Ivel, significant Adam. The Georgian Swan Hotel, on the Ouse at Bedford, areas of present gravel extraction and restored large water is referred to by Pevsner as the most noble English hotel. bodies are evident. In addition, within the Ivel valley on the Settlement in the 20th century has continued from its flood plain soils, vegetables, horticultural cropping and historic pattern along the rivers and A1 corridor. There has glasshouses are a distinctive feature. To the north-east of the 138 area, Grafham Water and its associated earth dams create a ● The enhancement of wetland habitats including the major man-made water body in the area. corridors of the rivers Ivel, Tove and Great Ouse should include the re-creation and management of riverine The brickfields of the Marston Vale and south Peterborough grassland meadows and pollarding of willows. Less create marked industrialised landscapes at the local scale. intensive farming adjacent to the rivers is important. Active and worked clay pits, brickworks, landfill sites and large water-bodies, compose a mosaic of despoiled and ● Extensive planting schemes should be considered to reduce restored land among the remaining agricultural uses. the impact of settlement edges, infrastructure corridors and isolated agricultural and industrial buildings. The re- The Changing Countryside establishment of hedgerows, hedgerow trees, species-rich verges and field margins would provide visual and wildlife ● Agricultural intensification and farm amalgamation, corridors between woodland and water courses. particularly to create larger arable fields. There are still isolated examples of this taking place today. Harsh ● The sensitive after-use of redundant airfield sites would management and neglect of hedgerows. benefit from integrated landscape strategies.

● Changing crop patterns, through subsidies and advances ● A strategy should be considered for future mineral and in farming practice, eg fewer spring crops. clay extraction and the associated restoration of derelict and worked sites. ● Loss and fragmentation of habitats, including grassland, ponds, ditches, spinneys and hedgerows. Dutch Elm disease in 1970s and 1980s had a major impact on woodland and hedgerow trees.

● Creation of open water-bodies, most notably Grafham Water.

● Extensive mineral extraction and landfill. Sand and gravel removal to river valleys. Clay extraction, brick manufacture and landfill to Marston Vale and south of Peterborough.

● Development along transport and infrastructure corridors, eg M1, A1. Sprawl and coalescence of towns and settlements often in river valleys. Development of Milton Keynes New Town.

● Growth of horticulture and associated glasshouses in Ivel TERENCE J. BURCHELL valley. Subsequent decline of smaller holdings. Transport corridors often contain both road and rail links which together with numerous adjacent settlements gives a noisy and urban feel to these areas. Landscape features are isolated and ● Growth of ‘pony paddock culture’, stables and residual fragmented and commonly undermanaged or innappropriately areas to edge of villages and towns, creating a piecemeal managed.Village edge grasslands are often ungrazed or overgrazed appearance. by horses with the attendant clutter of stabling and jumps.

Shaping the Future Selected References

● There is scope for the creation of new woodlands: Automobile Association (1978), Illustrated Guide to Britain, smaller woods to river valleys and larger woods on Drive Publications Ltd. higher plateau areas, with scope to enhance linkage Bedfordshire County Council (1995), A Rural Strategy for within traditional woodland areas. The continued Bedfordshire/Public Consultation Draft, Beds C.C., Bedford. management of existing ancient woodlands is important. Cambridgeshire County Council (1991), Cambridgeshire ● Landscape enhancement of the relatively industrialised Landscape Guidelines, Cambs C.C., Cambridge. Marston Vale and south Peterborough should include the assimilation of the stark landforms arising from landfill Countryside Commission (1995), Countryside Stewardship by extensive planting and sympathetic earthworks to Targeting Statements for Bedfordshire, Countryside respect the wider farmed landscape. Commission. Countryside Commission (1995), Countryside Stewardship ● The management of unimproved grasslands on Targeting Statements for Cambridgeshire, Countryside settlement edges should include the retention of Commission. remaining ridge and furrow. 139 Forestry Authority (1995), Reviews of Assessments of Landscape Scarfe, N (1983), A Shell Guide to Cambridgeshire, Faber & Character for the Counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex & Faber, London. Cambridgeshire, East Anglia Conservancy. Smith, J (1968), Shell Guide to Northamptonshire & the Soke of Pevsner, N (1968), The Buildings of England - Bedfordshire, Peterborough, Faber & Faber, London. Huntingdonshire & Peterborough, Penguin Books, Middlesex. Watkins, B (1981), Shell Guide to Buckinghamshire, Faber & Pevsner, N (1973), The Buildings of England - Faber, London. Buckinghamshire, Penguin Books, Middlesex.

140 LandAss1.qxd 21/02/2008 11:34 Page 47

3.3 RURAL LOWLAND MOSAIC

Cambridge sits in arable lowland that can be further divided into the following Character Areas.

Northern Fringe Eastern Transition Lands Southern Fringe

West Cam bridge Claylands Chalklands

This area sits between the hard urban edge of King’s Hedges Road and the A14. It stretches from Fen Road in the east to the Histon Road in the west. The land is generally between 10 and 15 m above sea level and gradually falls away to the east and north towards the River Cam and the fens.

The area has a mixed land use with disused railway sidings, sewage works, Business Park and Science Park, Cowley Road industrial units, a Park and Ride Site, Cambridge Regional College, and open fields with some ancient hedgerows, all dominated by the noise, proximity, pollution and visual intrusion of the A14 which is elevated along a major part of its length along this stretch. However, the slight elevation has advantages for the road user, as there are wide panoramic views across Cambridge. Church spires, notably the Catholic Church and St Luke’s, King's College

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3.3.4 Rural Lowland Mosaic - Eastern Transition Lands

This area lies to the east of Cambridge and is generally low lying between 10 and 15m above sea level. The underlying chalk to the south gradually slopes down to the fens area to the north. It is a transition zone where the characteristic chalkland vegetation of the south is essentially retained until it reaches the Fen area to the north.

The airport is a flat area, bounded by major roads. The Cambridge Airport runway, the large aircraft hangers and Marshall’s work dominate the area. These hangers have a negative impact on the landscape. They block potential Cambridge Airport views of the City skyline. They are very visible from the east. Travelling in a westward direction along the A14, their appearance is one of the first indicators that Cambridge is close by. The runway and Airport are very visible from Coldham’s Lane and Airport Way.

The open areas of closely cut grassland of Marshall’s airport links the notional countryside with Coldham’s Common and then by way of the gravel workings and Cherry Hinton Hall through to the chalklands to the south. The airport is devoid of trees, and the management regime of the grassland so severe that diversity of habitat and wildlife is actively discouraged.

There is a Definitive Footpath along a partly hedged field boundary adjacent to the airport. Ancient hedgerows are recorded in this area.

This area is proposed for major urban expansion 34. 34 DEGW 2001 Cambridge Urban Expansion Final Report for ISSUES Cambridge City Council Defining Character

• Rural Lowland Mosaic - Eastern Transition is not a Defining Character of Cambridge.

Characteristic Features

• Flat, open monotonous space;

• close cut grassland with few trees; and

• long views.

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Pressures

VISION

Use development to facilitate and enable the creation of character and to improve the setting of the City, enhance landscape features and biodiversity to improve amenity while seeking opportunities for access and informal recreation opportunities.

Opportunities

• use development opportunities to open up views of the City skyline;

• use development opportunities to link Hobson’s Conduit through Nine Wells to the Gog MaGog Hills.

• increase habitat diversity and wildlife interest;

• create new commons and open spaces with links to adjacent common and open space areas;

• take Biodiversity Action Plans into account in future development or management plans; and

3.3.5 Rural Lowland Mosaic - Southern Fringe

This area lies to the south and west of Addenbrooke’s Hospital and is generally dominated by the hospital buildings. It is an unexceptional landscape lying between the chalk and the built edge of the City. The fields are large, generally used for cereals, and there are few hedges or hedgerow trees, with the notable exception of the boundary hedge of the field just south of Addenbrooke’s Hospital.

56 Cambridge Landscape Character Assessment April 2003 Character Types and Areas Appendix D LAND AT FEN DITTON, CAMBRIDGE Photographic Architectural Examples

September 2013

FIGURE 1 Architectual Exapmles within Fen Ditton

Extended Terrace Properties on Church Street Residential Properties of Varying Ages on Green End Semi-Detached residential properties on the B1047

Newer Linked Semi- Detached Properties on Musgrave Semi Detached Properties Fronting onto the B1047 Semi Detached Properties on Musgrave Way

Example of Infilling alongside Older Properties on the B1047 New Development within Village Core

The Village Sign within Village Core Thatched cottages on the High Ditch Road Variation in house styles along the High Ditch Road

Infiling on Shepherds Close New development at the ‘village Gateway’ on the High Ditch Within the Village Core buildings are af varying style and age Road

Infiling within the Historic Core on the High Street within the Village Core buildings are af varying style and age

New Large Scale Residential Development on the High Ditch Road. The Character here is Very Different from Elsewhere in the Village. Replicates a Rural Character

Business Development along the High Ditch Road

© COPYRIGHT BY LIZ LAKE ASSOCIATES Project: Land at Fen Ditton Client: Carter Jonas LLP Date: September 2013 Reproduced from Ordnance Survey map data by permission of Ordnance Survey © Crown copyright 2013 Licence No.100007196 © Crown copyright and database rights 2013 Ordnance Survey Licence No.0100031673 Liz Lake Associates Chartered Landscape Architects Urban Designers Landscape Planners

Western House t +44 (0)1279 647044 Chapel Hill e [email protected] Stansted Mountfitchet www.lizlake.com Essex CM24 8AG