Scientific Papers Series Management , Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol.12, Issue 3, 2012 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995 e-ISSN 2285-3952 ASSESSMENTS REGARDING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPEMENT ON ECOECONOMIC AND BIOECONOMIC PRINCIPLES, OF THE LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN THE SHEEP BREEDING VILLAGES FROM “DRUMUL REGELUI” (KING'S ROAD) Mirela STANCIU 1, Gligor CIORTEA1, Camelia SAND1, Iulian VLAD2, Iuliana ANTONIE1, Maria TĂNASE1, Robert BLAJ1 1”Lucian Blaga” University from Sibiu, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Food Industry and Environmental Protection, Sibiu 31 Oituz, Sibiu, Romania, Phone: +40 0269 234111, Email: [email protected] 2University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest 59 Marasti, sector 1, 011464, Bucharest, Romania, Phone: +40 21 318 25 64/232, Fax: + 40 21318 28 88, E-mail: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Purpose of the research is knowing the current status of pastoral villages in the mountain area of our country. Methods and materials: sociological inquiries among the inhabitants of pastoral villages, comparative study of existing monographs. Importance of the work: it presents the current natural and human heritage of the pastoral village, from "the Kings Road" in the context of sustainable development of mountain area, Marginime Sibiu, directly related to the main occupation of residents: sheep breeding. Kings Road was created to improve road links across the Carpathians between Transylvania and the eastern and southern parts of the country. This road passed through villages Sălişte Tilişca, Rod, Poiana and Jina (Sibiu county), Şugag (Alba). Then he made contact with "high road" Sebes River valley upstream to Lotrului originated from there, over mountains Latoritei, Parang and the Capatanii, to Novaci town (Gorj county). The road was opened in 1935 by King Carol II and was considered a great technical achievement, with important economic, strategic and military. Rehabilitation of this road which crosses three counties would lead to exploitation by the rural tourism of natural and anthropogenic pastoral villages he passed by. Keywords: heritage, natural, anthropogenic, rural tourism, events, tours Cuvinte cheie: patrimoniu, natural, antropic, turism rural, tradiţii, evenimente, circuite INTRODUCTION and the oldest form of cattle breeding or even The Romanian transhumance age problem and sheep breeding is for the romanians- grazing the causes that have led to a time shift from on the village estate. The Sibiu sheaperding sedentary grazing, local and swung to the was always a dynamic character, adapting to flocks, not yet elucidated. On the age issue, the conditions and circumstances taking place most authors tend to date the origin of continuously, with proper space for the transhumance since antiquity, from Roman residents nearby, mountain area, hayfields and province, if not geto-dacian. [1] The mountains, the more remote areas and the extensive economy character of the very large ones. This led, in fact, to what was transhumance, specialized in the making of called the renewing of the Margineni, under market products is conditioned by the launch the aspect of their settlement as compact of the products and the further expansion by groups in many cities located in the the demand of the market for such products. Carpathian areas and along roads crossed Transhumance can be presented as "not the hundreds of years, between the village first form of sheep breeding of the romanian center and distant wintering sites. Compared people, neighter the extended one". The main with other ethnographic areas in our country, 167 Scientific Papers Series Management , Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol.12, Issue 3, 2012 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995 e-ISSN 2285-3952 grazing, as occupation, social lifestyle and as Rod, Poiana and Jina, Şugag to descend, a cultural phenomenon in general, held a making connection with the "high road". in significant share in many villages in the advantage this road was a duplicate, but also a Marginime, with some features from one 25km shortcut. In general, the new road place to another. Some pastoral villages have between Saliste and Şugag expected to be published monographs, but they do not built on upgrading the existing road here and faithfully reflect the current reality. [2] used for centuries for connecting the settlements mentioned. Where the old road MATERIAL AND METHOD segments were very difficult, and impossible, they changed the route. Sociological inquiries among the inhabitants The inauguration of the new road in 1935 was of pastoral villages, comparative study of made by state leader, King Carol II, existing monographs. accompanied by his son, Mihai. In honor of the event, the new rock road was called RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS "Kings Road", as shown by the inscription engraved on a marble plaque affixed to a Stei, The coming to power in January 1933, of situated on one of the turns near Rod. fascism in Germany, has created a new war The route was used by shepherds from Sibiu looming in Europe to revise the boundaries Mărginime moving their flocks in Oltenia, not established by peace treaties signed in 1919- more than a steeppy path for horses, 1920. Romania was directly concerned and suggestively called "Devil's Path". [4] therefore had to take additional measures to And today the local people speak with respect strengthen national defense. about this route, perhaps because each Therefore, the economic recovery programs of household has a grandfather or great- the country, initiated after 1934, were grandfather whose past is linked to road, considered and some training needs of the legend saying that the late eighteenth and early national territory defense (building roads, nineteenth century each family participated in bridges, railways, airfields, ports, barracks, construction of road sections, depending on warehouses , fortifications, etc.), works which financial possibilities but also labouring. were conducted in the following years. At the foothills, the Kings Road starts in the He modernized the country when a main road town Sălişte through Tilişca, Rod, Poiana (Road 1) to enter the European road network Sibiu, then cross Jina and Şugag. From here and, starting in Bucharest, Ploiesti link cities, the mountain kingdom, the strength of heaven Brasov, Fagaras, Sibiu, Alba Iulia, Cluj, and the fairytales start. Oradea, and leaving the country at Bors. Once you have passed the inhabited area, the It was necessary to improve road links road enters the secular forest, first deciduous, between Transylvania and the Carpathian with increasing altitude which turns into a Mountains over eastern and southern parts of lofty pine. Among these, the first surprise is the country. It was decided therefore, in this the Giants Table, a rock that is hanging like framework, to open a new strategic road the sky, where the story goes that giants Sebes River Valley upstream to Obârşia gather for advice. Place masterfully described Lotrului and from there, over mountains by the poet Lucian Blaga "Hronicul si Latoritei, Parang and Capatanii, to the county cantecul varstelor". About this place theres a town of Novaci. From the north, the main legend running that refers to, a giant which access road is from Sebes city. saw some locals who were plowing the land In addition, they were thincking about and picked them up and put them in her opening another access route from Sebes apron, and went to the Giants Table, who Valley, which starts from DN1 (intersection were eating at that hour. "Look what these point Saliste - "Popasul Marginimea"), then, people are small, and they are ruining the crossing settlements Sălişte Gales, Tilişca, earth!" - Said the giant, but the giants werent 168 Scientific Papers Series Management , Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol.12, Issue 3, 2012 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995 e-ISSN 2285-3952 listening, continuing with their meal, making Novaci route in eight hours. Nowadays, to get the guity people not even worthy to be to the peak, which is only half way, with an considered. From here, the same Kings Road, off-road vehicle it takes eight hours, and to after a few kilometers reaches Tau dam and Novaci another two hours. then the dam Oaşa. Not far from Tau lake, in Localities on the "Road Kings" are part of the a spectacular colony there Bistra Paltinei, with 18 villages that make up Mărginimea 10 to 12 lodges, where camps were organized Sibiu. Briefly present some data about the from all the country. Now, everything is in natural and human potential of those ruin, the place was forgotten, just a living localities. [5] memory of the old people. SALISTE Also from the dam Oaşa, to the right there is Documented in 1354, Siliştea town is located also a colony from "Fetita"(little girl), where in the south - west of Sibiu, on both banks of monastery is built. From there, going to the River Saliste (Black River). Town Şureanu, you pass through "Luncile Sureanu", position, at the interference between two a place infamous for locals, because here were major units - Cindrelului Mountains and punished those who wanted to go to Transylvanian Plateau - allowed early “bejenie”, and reach lake cabin and Şureanu, development of intense economic life, the magnificently described by Lucian Blaga the ability that Salistea people were able to same "Hronicul si cantecul varstelor". effectively capitalize on the resources The old lodge Oaşa is now covered by the provided by nature (grassland and forests, fast waters of the dam, lake with the same name, waters, stone construction) and the gentle as is the famous "crooked tree" of Mihail slope land with fertile soil and mild climate of Sadoveanu from Valea Frumoasei (the the depression. Beautifuls Valley), and from here you can go As landforms, the towncenter occupies a to Tălmaciu town, than Sadu and then, after plain, a very flat place. Moreover, in the going through 62 km of unreal landscapes. Or, northern edge of the village, is Sesul from the intersection with Vallea Frumoasei, Săliştenilor a area with about 700 ha, good you can go to Tartarau and after 6 km you land for grain crops.