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Perception on Social Dialogue in Turkey: the Viewpoints of General Public, Employees and Relevant Actors

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Perception on Social Dialogue in Turkey: the Viewpoints of General Public, Employees and Relevant Actors Perception on Social Dialogue in Turkey: The Viewpoints of General Public, Employees and Relevant Actors 2018 This report has been prepared with the financial support of the European Union (EU) and Republic of Turkey under the project 'Improving Social Dialogue in Working Life' by the International Labour Organization (ILO) Office for Turkey. The content of this publication cannot be interpreted as the opinion of the EU and Republic of Turkey. 2 Improving Social Dialogue in Working Life Perception on Social Dialogue in Turkey: The Viewpoints of General Public, Employees and Relevant Actors Research Team: Prof. Dr. Fikret Adaman, Boğaziçi University Assistant Prof. Dr. Alpkan Birelma, Özyeğin University Emeritus Prof. Dr. Ayşe Buğra, Boğaziçi University Associate Prof. Dr. Aziz Çelik, Kocaeli University Assistant Prof. Dr. Volkan Yılmaz, Boğaziçi University Begüm Özcan, Boğaziçi University-Social Policy Forum İrem İnal, Research Assistant, Boğaziçi University Çağlayan Işık, FREKANS Research 2018 I Perception on Social Dialogue in Turkey: The Viewpoints of General Public, Employees and Relevant Actors II Improving Social Dialogue in Working Life CONTENTS TABLES ........................................................................................................................................................................ V FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................................................... V FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................................................... IX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................X CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW: UNION PERCEPTION, SOCIAL DIALOGUE AND CURRENT SITUATION IN TURKEY ......................................................................................3 2.1. General Framework ............................................................................................................................................................................3 2.2. Union Perception in Turkey .............................................................................................................................................................5 2.3. Social Dialogue Mechanisms in Turkey .......................................................................................................................................9 2.3.1. Development of Trade Union Organisation as a Pre-Condition to Social Dialogue .........................................9 2.3.2. Evolution of Employer Unionism ...................................................................................................................................... 10 2.3.3. Labour Assembly .................................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.3.4. Minimum Wage Fixing Board ............................................................................................................................................ 11 2.3.5. Economic and Social Council ............................................................................................................................................. 12 2.3.6. Tripartite Consultation Board ............................................................................................................................................ 13 2.3.7. New Approaches to Organisation and Access to Social Dialogue ....................................................................... 13 2.4. Changes in the World of Work .................................................................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 3. QUANTITATIVE STUDY .........................................................................................................................17 3.1. Conceptual Framework and Measurement Framework .................................................................................................... 17 3.2. Sampling Method ............................................................................................................................................................................ 17 3.3. Code of Ethics .................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 3.4. Data Analysis ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 3.5. Sampling Plan of the Survey and Actual Survey Data ........................................................................................................ 18 3.6. Household Information Module ................................................................................................................................................. 21 3.7. General Knowledge and Perception towards Unions ........................................................................................................ 21 3.8. General Structure of the Working Population ....................................................................................................................... 34 3.9. Working Population: Union Members ...................................................................................................................................... 36 3.10. Working Population: Insured but not Union Members ................................................................................................... 48 3.11. Working People: Without Insurance ....................................................................................................................................... 51 3.12. Social Dialogue ............................................................................................................................................................................... 55 3.13. General Problems of the Country, Labour Market and Employees ............................................................................. 63 3.14. Analysis Results for the Field Research .................................................................................................................................. 66 III Perception on Social Dialogue in Turkey: The Viewpoints of General Public, Employees and Relevant Actors CHAPTER 4. QUALITATIVE STUDY ............................................................................................................................69 4.1. Methodology ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 69 4.2. How Actors Perceive Themselves .............................................................................................................................................. 70 4.2.1. Unionisation rate .................................................................................................................................................................... 70 4.2.2. Unionism Approach and Practice in Turkey ................................................................................................................. 71 4.2.3. Self-perception of Unions ................................................................................................................................................... 72 4.2.4. Perceptions of Women in Social Dialogue Mechanisms .......................................................................................... 74 4.3. Perception of the Society towards the Unions ............................................................................................................... 75 4.4. Self-criticism in Unions and Employer Organizations ........................................................................................................ 77 4.5. Effectiveness of Dialogue Mechanisms ................................................................................................................................... 79 4.5.1. Effectiveness of Tripartite Social Dialogue, Performance of the Government and Ministry ....................... 79 4.5.2. Allegations of Government and Public Administrators Discriminating Between Unions ........................... 82 4.5.3. Assessments by Public Servants Unions on their Social Dialogue with Public Administration ................. 82 4.5.4. Attitudes of Employers towards Bipartite Social Dialogue in the Private Sector ............................................ 83 4.6. Recommendations by Social Partners on Improving Social Dialogue in Turkey ...................................................... 87 4.6.1. Recommendations for Tripartite Social Dialogue ...................................................................................................... 87 4.6.2. Recommendations for Public Servants Unionism ...................................................................................................... 87 4.6.3. Recommendations for
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