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Star Dust National Capital Astronomers, Inc. January 2011 Volume 69, Issue 5 http://capitalastronomers.org Next Meeting January 2011: Ruben Kier When: Sat. Jan. 8, 2011 Best Targets for Winter Astrophotography Time: 7:30 pm Abstract: You may have thought that spending all night photographing an Where: UM Observatory obscure celestial object takes you away from the fun of visual astronomy. Well, be prepared for a surprise. Processing and studying your images can Speaker: Ruben Kier enrich your visual experiences. Learn how emission nebula are more extensive that we thought, and why reflection nebula have complex colors. Table of Contents Find out how to see colors in the stars of bright open clusters. Discover why the individual stars that sparkle in a globular cluster are mostly red giants. Preview of Jan. 2011 Talk 1 Understand what makes a supernova glow at the eyepiece….it’s not what you Science News 2 may first suspect. Ruben Kier takes you on an exploration of the cosmos through dozens of his own photographs, obtained through popular amateur Moon High in Winter 3 telescopes that you may already own! Occultations 5 APS Talk Jan. 19 6 Calendar 7 Directions to Dinner/Meeting Members and guests are invited to join us for dinner at the Garden Restaurant located in the UMUC Inn & Conference Center, 3501 University Blvd E. The meeting is held at the UM Astronomy Observatory on Metzerott Rd about halfway between Adelphi Rd and University Blvd. Need a Ride? Please contact Jay Miller, 240-401- 8693, if you need a ride from the metro to dinner or to the meeting at the observatory. Please try to let him know in advance by e-mail at [email protected]. Observing after the Meeting Following the meeting, members and guests are welcome to tour through the Observatory. Weather-permitting, several of the telescopes will also be set up for viewing. Star Dust © 2011. Star Dust may be reproduced with credit to National Capital Astronomers, Inc. January 2011 Vol 69, Iss 5 2 Biography: Ruben Kier's photos, articles, and letters have appeared in Star Dust is published ten Astronomy, Sky & Telescope, and AstroPhoto Insight magazines. He serves on the Astronomical Advisory Council of the University of Florida. Last times yearly September through year, Ruben summarized a decade of experience with CCD imaging in his June, by the National Capital book, The 100 Best Astrophotography Targets: A Monthly Guide for CCD Astronomers, Inc. (NCA). Imaging with Amateur Telescopes. His goal has been to show how amateur astronomers, using moderately priced equipment, can obtain excellent images rivaling those obtained with the most costly telescopes. More of ISSN: 0898-7548 Ruben’s images are available on his website, http://www.stardoctor.org. Editor: Michael Chesnes Editorial Advisors: Elizabeth Warner Jeffrey Norman Wayne Warren Harold Williams John D. Gaffey, Jr. PDF Distributor: Jay Miller Please Get Star Dust Electronically NCA members able to receive Star Dust, the newsletter of the NCA, via e-mail as a PDF file attachment, instead of hardcopy via U.S. Mail, can save NCA a considerable amount of money on the printing and postage in the production of Star December 22, 2010 Lunar Eclipse Dust (the NCA’s single largest Canon 5D Mark II, 189mm, f5, 4sec, ISO400, White Balance set to Sunlight. expense) and also save some trees. Photo Credit: Brian Doty/George Mason University. If you can switch from paper to digital, please contact Michael L. Science News Brabanski, the NCA Sec-Treasurer, Thank you Nancy Grace Roman for finding these articles. at [email protected] or 301-649-4328 (h). City Light Pollution Affects Air Pollution Thank you! International Dark Sky Association Wed, 15 Dec 2010 Reminder Excess light at night can contribute to air pollution, according to a study by After the meeting, everyone is invited scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to join us at Plato's Diner in College and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences Park. Plato's is located at 7150 (CIRES) at the University of Colorado that uplight from outdoor lighting that Baltimore Ave. (US Rt. 1 at Calvert contributes to sky glow over cities also interferes with chemical reactions that Rd.), just south of the university's naturally clean the air during nighttime hours. campus. What if it's clear and you want to stick around and observe? Every night, chemicals from vehicle exhaust and other human created No problem -- just come over when sources are broken down and prevented from becoming smog, ozone, or you're through. This is very informal, other irritants by a form of nitrogen oxide called the nitrate radical. Sunlight and we fully expect people to wander destroys the naturally occurring nitrate radical, so this process occurs only in in and out. hours of darkness. Continued on Page 6 Star Dust © 2011. Star Dust may be reproduced with credit to National Capital Astronomers, Inc. January 2011 Vol 69, Iss 5 3 2010-2011 Officers Why is the Moon so High in the Sky in Winter? President: And was it in fact directly overhead near the beginning of the Joseph C. Morris Dec. 21 lunar eclipse? [email protected] 703-620-0996 (h) Special thanks to Guy Brandenburg for allowing me to adapt the Dec. 703-983-5672 (w) 22, 2010 entry from his blog: gfbrandenburg.wordpress.com All editorial changes are mine. – Michael Chesnes Vice-President: John Hornstein I have from time to time noticed, and marveled at, the fact that during the [email protected] winter, the Moon at times appears like it’s almost directly overhead. Let me 301-593-1095 (h) emphasize that: to my unaided, subjective vision, without taking the trouble to measure it, during the winter, the Moon sometimes appears to me to be Secretary-Treasurer: directly overhead (at zenith). Michael L. Brabanski [email protected] However, everything I know about astronomy of the Solar System tells me 301-649-4328 (h) that this is probably impossible, simply because we do not live in the Tropics (with a capital T: the zone between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn). That’s the only part of our planet where the sun is ever directly Asst. Secretary-Treasurer: overhead. (Don’t believe me? Use your internet resource skills and look it up.) Jeffrey B. Norman [email protected] If you live in Washington, the Sun will never appear directly over your house, no matter where you live in Washington, DC, and no matter how hot it may Trustees: feel in the middle of summer. • Wayne Warren (2011) • Walter Faust (2012) And I figured that if the Sun and the Earth and the Moon were all aligned with • Benson Simon (2013) each other, as in last night’s lunar eclipse, then the Moon would appear in our • Andrew Seacord (2014) sky here in Washington as if it had simply traded places with the Sun for a while, and was at the same elevation. And that elevation isn’t all that high. Appointed Officers and Or so I thought. Committee Heads: Exploring the Sky Was I suffering from a version of the famous ‘Moon effect’? (Which is a Joseph C. Morris poorly-understood but almost-universal optical illusion about the apparent size [email protected] of the Moon, a visual hallucination of sorts, caused by some internal human visual processing “bug” inside the various centers responsible for actually Telescope Making interpreting the photons and light waves that enter one’s eyes.) Guy Brandenburg [email protected] Or is everybody else normal and it’s just me? Or was the Moon, in fact, at the 202-635-1860 zenith? Or just very close to it, but within the theoretical and experimental range of error for this sort of thing? NCA Webmaster Harold Williams I am going to try to settle this in two ways. First of all, theoretically. [email protected] 240-567-1463 (w) I used a rather widely-used piece of instructional geometry software called 301-565-3709 (h) “Geometer’s Sketchpad” (version 5 in this case) and a couple of drawing and painting programs. I also used Google Earth to find out where on Earth are Meeting Facilities the places that are directly south of Washington and are on the Tropic of Jay H. Miller Cancer or on the Equator, as well as the spot on our planet that is [email protected] diametrically opposite in position to Washington, DC. 240-401-8693 I was rather surprised to find out where those places were. They weren’t Star Dust Editor really where I expected, and I of all people should have known better. Michael Chesnes For example, I thought I remembered that Havana, Cuba, was just inside the [email protected] Tropics, but Miami, Florida, was just north of the Topic of Cancer. 301-313-0588 Continued on Page 4 Star Dust © 2011. Star Dust may be reproduced with credit to National Capital Astronomers, Inc. January 2011 Vol 69, Iss 5 4 Continued from Page 3 And I also remembered having been to some places in Florida that were south of DC. So I figured that the Tropic of Cancer would intersect our DC line of longitude (about 77 degrees west) somewhere in the water between Havana and Miami. Surprise: not very close. Just for fun, try guessing or figuring out the answer yourself. The answer is next to the diagram below, at (1). And directly south of DC, on the equator? I always figured it would be somewhere in Brazil. No surprise this time, I was wrong again.