Design of a Wideband Conformal Array Antenna System with Beamforming and Null Steering, for Application in a DVB-T Based Passive Radar
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Antenna Theory and Design SECOND EDITION
Antenna Theory and Design SECOND EDITION Warren L. Stutzman Gary A. Thiele WILEY Contents Chapter 1 • Antenna Fundamentals and Definitions 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 How Antennas Radiate 4 1.3 Overview of Antennas 8 1.4 Electromagnetic Fundamentals 12 1.5 Solution of Maxwell's Equations for Radiation Problems 16 1.6 The Ideal Dipole 20 1.7 Radiation Patterns 24 1.7.1 Radiation Pattern Basics 24 1.7.2 Radiation from Line Currents 25 1.7.3 Far-Field Conditions and Field Regions 28 1.7.4 Steps in the Evaluation of Radiation Fields 31 1.7.5 Radiation Pattern Definitions 33 1.7.6 Radiation Pattern Parameters 35 1.8 Directivity and Gain 37 1.9 Antenna Impedance, Radiation Efficiency, and the Short Dipole 43 1.10 Antenna Polarization 48 References 52 Problems 52 Chapter 2 • Some Simple Radiating Systems and Antenna Practice 56 2.1 Electrically Small Dipoles 56 2.2 Dipoles 59 2.3 Antennas Above a Perfect Ground Plane 63 2.3.1 Image Theory 63 2.3.2 Monopoles 66 2.4 Small Loop Antennas 68 2.4.1 Duality 68 2.4.2 The Small Loop Antenna 71 2.5 Antennas in Communication Systems 76 2.6 Practical Considerations for Electrically Small Antennas 82 References 83 Problems 84 Chapter 3 • Arrays 87 3.1 The Array Factor for Linear Arrays 88 3.2 Uniformly Excited, Equally Spaced Linear Arrays 99 3.2.1 The Array Factor Expression 99 3.2.2 Main Beam Scanning and Beamwidth 102 3.2.3 The Ordinary Endfire Array 103 3.2.4 The Hansen-Woodyard Endfire Array 105 3.3 Pattern Multiplication 107 3.4 Directivity of Uniformly Excited, Equally Spaced Linear Arrays 112 3.5 Nonuniformly -
Chapter 5 the Microstrip Antenna
CHAPTER 5 THE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA 5.1 Introduction Applications that require low-profile, light weight, easily manufactured, inexpensive, conformable antennas often use some form of a microstrip radiator. The microstrip antenna (MSA) is a resonant structure that consists of a dielectric substrate sandwiched between a metallic conducting patch and a ground plane. The MSA is commonly excited using a microstrip edge feed or a coaxial probe. The canonical forms of the MSA are the rectangular and circular patch MSAs. The rectangular patch antenna in Figure 5.1 is fed using a microstrip edge feed and the circular patch antenna is fed using a coaxial probe. (a) (b) Coaxial Feed Microstrip Feed Figure 5.1. (a) A rectangular patch microstrip antenna fed with a microstrip edge feed. (b) A circular patch microstrip antenna fed with a coaxial probe feed. The patch shapes in Figure 5.1 are symmetric and their radiation is easy to model. However, application specific patch shapes are often used to optimize certain aspects of MSA performance. 154 The earliest work on the MSA was performed in the 1950s by Gutton and Baissinot in France and Deschamps in the United States. [1] Demand for low-profile antennas increased in the 1970s, and interest in the MSA was renewed. Notably, Munson obtained the original patent on the MSA, and Howell published the first experimental data involving circular and rectangular patch MSA characteristics. [1] Today the MSA is widely used in practice due to its low profile, light weight, cheap manufacturing costs, and potential conformability. [2] A number of methods are used to model the performance of the MSA. -
Notes on HF Discone Antennas
Notes on HF Discone Antennas L. B. Cebik, W4RNL The discone antenna is a broadband basic antenna originally designed for VHF-UHF service. Indeed, it is a staple for upper-range scanning receivers. Developed during WWII by A. G. Kandoian, and brought to the attention of radio amateurs in the later 1940s, the following years saw conversions of the design to HF use. Amateurs have used it from 160 meters up through 10 meters, although the operating passband for any single implementation is limited to about a 2.5:1 frequency range. Even though the antenna is quite basic in concept, its shape seems to elicit strange reactions from newer amateurs. The reactions run from simple quizzical looks to occasional bizarre explanations of its operation. In these notes we shall look at the antenna with a series of inquiries. We shall start by putting the antenna into its proper class. Then we shall turn to questions of modeling the antenna, sorting out what we can glean from models and what we cannot. Since operating bandwidth is the most pressing question in many minds, we shall next look at that matter, followed by questions of performance. The performance facets of HF versions of the antenna over ground are perhaps the most important, since that is the environment in which we must use the antenna, if we choose to build one. To set a proper framework for judgment by the prospective builder, we shall look at a few other antenna designs that may be relevant. In order to focus our attention on the properties of the HF discone, we shall confine our attention to creating one to cover the upper HF set of amateur allocations from 14 to 30 MHz. -
Low-Profile Wideband Antennas Based on Tightly Coupled Dipole
Low-Profile Wideband Antennas Based on Tightly Coupled Dipole and Patch Elements Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Erdinc Irci, B.S., M.S. Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: John L. Volakis, Advisor Kubilay Sertel, Co-advisor Robert J. Burkholder Fernando L. Teixeira c Copyright by Erdinc Irci 2011 Abstract There is strong interest to combine many antenna functionalities within a single, wideband aperture. However, size restrictions and conformal installation requirements are major obstacles to this goal (in terms of gain and bandwidth). Of particular importance is bandwidth; which, as is well known, decreases when the antenna is placed closer to the ground plane. Hence, recent efforts on EBG and AMC ground planes were aimed at mitigating this deterioration for low-profile antennas. In this dissertation, we propose a new class of tightly coupled arrays (TCAs) which exhibit substantially broader bandwidth than a single patch antenna of the same size. The enhancement is due to the cancellation of the ground plane inductance by the capacitance of the TCA aperture. This concept of reactive impedance cancellation was motivated by the ultrawideband (UWB) current sheet array (CSA) introduced by Munk in 2003. We demonstrate that as broad as 7:1 UWB operation can be achieved for an aperture as thin as λ/17 at the lowest frequency. This is a 40% larger wideband performance and 35% thinner profile as compared to the CSA. Much of the dissertation’s focus is on adapting the conformal TCA concept to small and very low-profile finite arrays. -
Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays
Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays Ahmed Fatthi Alsager This thesis comprises 30 ECTS credits and is a compulsory part in the Master of Science with a Major in Electrical Engineering– Communication and Signal processing. Thesis No. 1/2011 Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays Ahmed Fatthi Alsager, [email protected] Master thesis Subject Category: Electrical Engineering– Communication and Signal processing University College of Borås School of Engineering SE‐501 90 BORÅS Telephone +46 033 435 4640 Examiner: Samir Al‐mulla, Samir.al‐[email protected] Supervisor: Samir Al‐mulla Supervisor, address: University College of Borås SE‐501 90 BORÅS Date: 2011 January Keywords: Antenna, Microstrip Antenna, Array 2 To My Parents 3 ACKNOWLEGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the School of Engineering in the University of Borås for the effective contribution in carrying out this thesis. My deepest appreciation is due to my teacher and supervisor Dr. Samir Al-Mulla. I would like also to thank Mr. Tomas Södergren for the assistance and support he offered to me. I would like to mention the significant help I have got from: Holders Technology Cogra Pro AB Technical Research Institute of Sweden SP I am very grateful to them for supplying the materials, manufacturing the antennas, and testing them. My heartiest thanks and deepest appreciation is due to my parents, my wife, and my brothers and sisters for standing beside me, encouraging and supporting me all the time I have been working on this thesis. Thanks to all those who assisted me in all terms and helped me to bring out this work. -
2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI National Radio Science Meeting
2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI National Radio Science Meeting Final Program 7–12 July 2019 Hilton Atlanta Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. Conference at a Glance Saturday, July 6 14:00-16:00 Strategic Planning Committee 16:15-17:15 AP-S Meetings Committee 17:15-18:15 JMC Meeting (Closed Session) 18:15-21:30 JMC Meeting, Dinner and Presentations 19:15-21:15 IEEE AP-S Constitution and Bylaws Committee Meeting & Dinner Sunday, July 7 08:00-10:00 Past Presidents’ Breakfast 10:00-18:00 AdCom Meeting 19:30-22:00 Welcome Dessert Reception at the Georgia Aquarium Monday, July 8 07:00-08:00 Amateur Radio Operators Breakfast 08:00-11:40 Technical Sessions 09:00-18:00 Technical Tour - “An Engineer’s Eye View” of the Mercedes Benz Stadium 12:00-13:20 Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Editorial Board Lunch Meeting 13:20-17:00 Technical Sessions 17:00-18:00 URSI Commission A Business Meeting 17:00-18:00 URSI Commission B Business Meeting 17:00-18:00 URSI Commissions C/E (combined) Business Meeting Tuesday, July 9 07:00-08:00 AP Magazine Staff Meeting 07:00-08:00 APS 2020 Committee Meeting 07:00-08:00 Industrial Initiatives 07:00-08:00 Membership Committee Meeting 07:00-08:00 Student Design Contest (Set-Up - Closed to Others) 07:00-08:00 Technical Committee on Antenna Measurement 08:00-11:40 Student Paper Competition 08:00-11:40 Technical Sessions 08:00-09:30 Student Design Contest (Demo for Judges - Closed to Others) 08:30-14:00 Standards Committee Meeting 09:30-12:00 Student Design Contest (Demo for Public) -
Practical Radio-Frequency Handbook
Practical Radio-Frequency Handbook Practical Radio-Frequency Handbook Third edition IAN HICKMAN BSc (Hons), CEng, MIEE, MIEEE Newnes OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI Newnes An imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801–2041 A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group First published 1993 as Newnes Practical RF Handbook Second edition 1997 Reprinted 1999 (twice), 2000 Third edition 2002 © Ian Hickman 1993, 1997, 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 0LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Hickman, Ian Practical Radio-Frequency Handbook I. Title 621.384 ISBN 0 7506 5369 8 Cover illustrations, clockwise from top left: (a) VHF Log periodic antenna; (b) selection of RF coils; (c) HF receiver; (d) spectrum of IPAL TV signal with NICAM (Courtesy of Thales (a and (c)); Coilcraft -
MFJ 2004 Ham Buyers Guide
QSTCatP01.qxd 10/16/2003 10:03 AM Page 1 MFJ 2004 Ham Buyers Guide See inside for these New MFJ Products! 300W Automatic Tuner Tiny Travel Tuner DC Multi-Outlet Strips Ultra-fast, 2000 memories, antenna Fits in the palm of your hand! 150 has both 5-way binding posts switch, 4:1 balun, Cross-Needle and Watts, 80-10 Meters, Bypass Switch and Digital SWR/Wattmeter, 1.8-30 MHz Anderson PowerPole® connectors MFJ-902 $7995 $ 95 MFJ-1129 $ 95 109 MFJ-993 259 Four New models -- balun, Four new high current 150, 300, 600 Watt models. SWR/Wattmeter . DC multi-outlet strips . See Back Cover See Page 6 See Page 16 Balanced Line Dummy Load Manual Mic/Radio Switch Antenna Tuner SWR/Wattmeter Screwdriver Switch any 2 mics 1.5kW, to any 2 rigs Superb Antenna peak reading Covers 40-2 Meters balance, switchable 1.8-54 MHz, to external MFJ-1662 $ 95 $ 95 300 Watts antenna 129 MFJ-1263 99 $ 95 $ 95 MFJ-974H 189 MFJ-267 149 Four new models . Three new models . See Page 7 See Page 9 See Page 42 See Page 21 10 foot Antenna 160-6 Meter 1.5 kW 4:1 Glazed 4 Foot Telescopic Tripod Doublet current balun ceramic Ground Whip 40-inch Antenna /insulator insulator Rod MFJ-1954 between legs Copper bonded steel MFJ- $ 95 MFJ-1918 MFJ-919 MFJ-16C01 MFJ-1934 19 1777 $ 95 $ 95 $ 95 59 $ 95 3 lengths . 39 49 69c 4 See Page 42 See Page 42 See Page 43 See Page 43 See Page 43 See Page 7 Mobile Discone Atomic Atomic Wireless Speaker/Mic Antennas Antenna 24/12 Clock 24/12 Watch Weather for Yaesu VX-7R MFJ-1456, $14995 25-1300 Station MHz 40/20/15/10/6/2M MFJ- MFJ- MFJ-295R $ 95 $ 95 MFJ-1868 132RC 186RC MFJ-192 MFJ-1438, 99 $ 95 19 10/6/2M/440 MHz $5995 $1495 $2995 59 See Page 41, 39 See Page 40 See Page 29 See Page 30 See Page 30 See Page 35 Ameritron Ameritron Ameritron Hy-Gain Screwdriver Digital Screwdriver flat Mobile 80-10 M Vertical Antenna Antenna Controller SWR/Wattmeter The Classic is Back! 5 1.2 kW, Pittman Super bright high- Just 1 /8” thick, AV-18AVQII Commercial Gear Motor intensity LEDs flat mounts on $ 95 dashboard 229 SDA-100 SDC-100 MK-80, $79.95. -
Sensitive Ambient RF Energy Harvesting
Sensitive Ambient RF Energy Harvesting A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Negin Shariati Bachelor of Engineering – Electrical and Electronics School of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Science, Engineering and Health RMIT University August 2015 Declaration I certify that except where due acknowledgement has been made, the work is that of the author alone; the work has not been submitted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other academic award; the content of the thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program; any editorial work, paid or unpaid, carried out by a third party is acknowledged; and, ethics procedures and guidelines have been followed. Negin Shariati 22 August 2015 i To the World Acknowledgements The outcomes presented in this thesis could not have been completed without the support of my supervisors. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Kamran Ghorbani, A. Prof. Wayne Rowe and A. Prof. James Scott for their expert supervision, for the opportunity to work alongside them and for their valuable input on this research and academic writing. Greatest appreciation for my senior supervisor Prof. Kamran Ghorbani for promoting forward thinking and for his invaluable guidance and support during this PhD program. A great acknowledgement for Mr. David Welch as the most creative and skilled technical staff member for assistance in fabrication of the rectifier circuits. I would like to acknowledge Dr. Thomas Baum for his input and proof reading of this thesis. -
Design & Fabrication of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN
et International Journal on Emerging Technologies (Special Issue NCETST-2017) 8(1): 11-15(2017) (Published by Research Trend, Website: www.researchtrend.net ) ISSN No. (Print) : 0975-8364 ISSN No. (Online) : 2249-3255 Design & Fabrication of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN using Symmetrical slots Mudit Gupta, Pramod Kumar Morya and Satyajit Das Department of Electronics & Communication, Amrapali Group of Institute, Shiksha Nagar, Haldwani, (Uttarakhand), India ABSTRACT: This paper presents the symmetrical rectangular slotted microstrip patch antenna. The proposed antenna is simulated with the help of HFSS. The aim of this paper is to design and fabricate the Rectangular Microstrip Antenna and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L) , Width (W) and substrate parameters relative dielectric constant (εr), substrate thickness on power, vswr, return loss, impedance, admittance parameters. Low dielectric constant substrates are generally preferred for maximum radiation. Conducting patch can take any of the shape but rectangular and circular configurations are the most commonly used configuration. The other configurations are more complex to analyze and require heavy numerical computations. The length of the antenna is nearly half wavelength in the dielectric; it is a very critical parameter, which governs or control the resonant frequency of patch antenna. In the view of design, selection of patch width and length are the major parameters along with feed line depth. The desired microstrip patch antenna design is initially simulated by using HFSS simulator and patch antenna is realized as per design requirements. Keywords: Compact, Rectangular, WLAN, HFSS, Coaxial feed resonance frequency, gain are changed which may I. INTRODUCTION seriously degrade or upgrade the system performance. -
Antenna Catalog. Volume 3. Ship Antennas
UNCLASSIFIED AD NUMBER AD323191 CLASSIFICATION CHANGES TO: unclassified FROM: confidential LIMITATION CHANGES TO: Approved for public release, distribution unlimited FROM: Distribution authorized to U.S. Gov't. agencies and their contractors; Administrative/Operational use; Oct 1960. Other requests shall be referred to Ari Force Cambridge Research Labs, Hansom AFB MA. AUTHORITY AFCRL Ltr, 13 Nov 1961.; AFCRL Ltr, 30 Oct 1974. THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED AD~ ~~~~~~O WIR1L_•_._,m,_, ANTENNA CATALOG Volume m UNCLASSIFIED SHIP ANTENN October 1960 Electronics Research Directorate AIR FORCE CAMBRIDGE RESEARCH LABORATORIES Can+rftc AT I9(6N4,4 101 by GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Engineering Experiment Station •o•log NOTIC 11ý4 Sadoqh amd P4is4,ej ww~aI~.. 1! d' ths, . 'to0 t,UL .. -+~~~~~-L#..-•...T... -w 0 I tdin #" "•: ..."- C UNCLASSIFIED AFCRC-TR-60-134(111) ANTENNA CATALOG Volume III SHIP ANTENNAS (Title UOwlnIied) October 1960 Appeoved: Mmurice W. Long, Electronics Division Submitteds A oed: Technical Information Section k Jeme,. L d, Directot Esis..ielng Expe•immnt Station Prepared by GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Engineering Experiment Station DOWNGRADED A-r 3 YEAR INTERVAIS. DECL~IFED AFTER 12 YEA&RS. DOD DIR 5200.10 UNC-LASSIFIED. , ~K-11. 574-1 ." TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION . 1 EQUIPMENT FUNCTION ................ .................. ... 3 ANTENNA TYPE . 7 ANTENNA DATA AB Antennas ......... ................. .............. ...................... ... 15 AN Antennas ............................ ...................................... -
Transmission Lines, the Most Fundamental Passive Component, Exhibit High Losses in the Millimetre and Sub- Millimetre Wave Regime
Aghamoradi, Fatemeh (2012) The development of high quality passive components for sub-millimetre wave applications. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3214/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the Author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH QUALITY PASSIVE COMPONENTS FOR SUB-MILLIMETRE WAVE APPLICATIONS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By Fatemeh Aghamoradi November 2011 © Fatemeh Aghamoradi 2011 All Rights Reserved Abstract Advances in transistors with cut-off frequencies >400GHz have fuelled interest in security, imaging and telecommunications applications operating well above 100GHz. However, further development of passive networks has become vital in developing such systems, as traditional coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines, the most fundamental passive component, exhibit high losses in the millimetre and sub- millimetre wave regime. This work investigates novel, practical, low loss, transmission lines for frequencies above 100GHz and high-Q passive components composed of these lines.