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Estudios Multidisciplinarios En El Complejo Galactia-Camptosema- Collaea (Leguminosae)

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Estudios Multidisciplinarios En El Complejo Galactia-Camptosema- Collaea (Leguminosae) Tesis Doctoral Estudios multidisciplinarios en el complejo galactia-camptosema- collaea (leguminosae) Sede, Silvana Mabel 2005 Este documento forma parte de la colección de tesis doctorales y de maestría de la Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. Su utilización debe ser acompañada por la cita bibliográfica con reconocimiento de la fuente. This document is part of the doctoral theses collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, available in digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the corresponding citation acknowledging the source. Cita tipo APA: Sede, Silvana Mabel. (2005). Estudios multidisciplinarios en el complejo galactia-camptosema- collaea (leguminosae). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cita tipo Chicago: Sede, Silvana Mabel. "Estudios multidisciplinarios en el complejo galactia-camptosema- collaea (leguminosae)". Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 2005. Dirección: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Contacto: [email protected] Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires ESTUDIOS MULTIDISCIPLINARIOS EN EL COMPLEJO GALACTIA- CAMPTOSEMA- COLLAEA (LEGUMINOSAE) Tesis presentada para optar al título de Doctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en el área Ciencias Biológicas Lic. Silvana Mabel Sede Directora: Dra. Lidia Poggio Directora asistente: Ing. Agr. Renée H. Fortunato Laboratorio de Citogenética y Evolución Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Buenos Aires - 2005 1 ESTUDIOS MULTIDISCIPLINARIOS EN EL COMPLEJO GALACTIA- CAMPTOSEMA- COLLAEA (LEGUMINOSAE) El género pantropical y subpantropical Galactia, y los géneros neotropicales Camptosema y Collaea se agrupan en un complejo basado en sus afinidades exomorfológicas. Algunos caracteres macromorfológicos diagnósticos están algunas veces presentes sin correlación en las especies de distintos géneros en la región austral de América del Sur, y es por esta razón que se han adoptado distintos criterios para delimitarlos, generando gran confusión taxonómica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue clarificar las relaciones entre las especies del complejo Galactia- Camptosema- Collaea. Con este propósito se analizaron las características morfológicas y citológicas de distintas especies. Se realizó además un análisis filogenético combinando caracteres moleculares y morfológicos y un análisis del patrón de bandas generado por AFLP. La mayoría de los caracteres tradicionalmente usados como diagnósticos en la taxonomía del grupo no permiten una delimitación clara de los rangos genéricos e infragenéricos. Se evaluaron las características cromosómicas del grupo y se realizaron nuevos recuentos para las especies conflictivas. De los datos citológicos analizados, los caracteres fundamentales y de mayor relevancia para la resolución de la taxonomía conflictiva del grupo, resultaron ser el número cromosómico y la fórmula cariotípica. Las hipótesis filogenéticas propuestas en este trabajo apoyan la monofilia de Collaea, y no corroboran la monofilia de Galactia y Camptosema. El análisis de agrupamiento obtenido a partir de los patrones de bandas de AFLP no es consistente con la actual circunscripción de Galactia y Camptosema, corroborando los resultados obtenidos en el análisis morfológico y filogenético. Los resultados obtenidos inducen a rever la circunscripción actual del complejo genérico. Palabras claves: Galactia, Collaea, Camptosema, Diocleinae, Leguminosae, citología, filogenia, morfología, AFLP. 2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES IN THE GALACTIA- CAMPTOSEMA- COLLAEA COMPLEX (LEGUMINOSAE) The pantropical and subpantropical genus Galactia, and the neotropical genera Camptosema and Collaea are grouped in a complex based on exomorphological affinities. Some diagnostic macromorphological features are sometimes present without correlation between the species of different genera in the austral region of South America, and this is the reason why different criteria have been adopted to delimit them, thus generating great taxonomic confusion. The aim of this work was to clarify the relationships of the species within the complex Galactia- Camptosema- Collaea. To accomplish this objective, morphological and cytological characteristics of different species were evaluated. A phylogenetic analysis combining morphological and molecular characters and the analysis of the AFLP band patterns of the species were also undertaken. Most of the characters traditionally used as diagnostic in the taxonomy of the group, do not permit a clear delimitation of the generic and infrageneric ranges. The chromosome characteristics of the group were also evaluated and new records for the conflictive species were reported. From the cytological data analyzed, the most relevant characters were the chromosome number and the karyotype formula. The phylogenetic hypotheses proposed in this work strongly support the monophyly of Collaea, but do not corroborate the monophyly of Galactia and Camptosema. The clustering obtained from the analysis of the AFLP band patterns is not congruent with the current circumscription of Galactia and Camptosema, corroborating the results obtained from the morphological and phylogenetic analyses. The results obtained induce to revise the present circunscription of the genera in the complex. Keywords: Galactia, Collaea, Camptosema, Diocleinae, Leguminosae, cytology, phylogeny, morphology, AFLP. 3 ÍNDICE Página INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL.................................................................................1 OBJETIVO GENERAL E HIPÓTESIS..................................................................2 CAPÍTULO I – MORFOLOGÍA INTRODUCCIÓN.....................................................................................................3 El complejo Galactia-Camptosema-Collaea...............................................................3 Consideraciones taxonómicas......................................................................................3 Consideraciones morfológicas.....................................................................................5 Consideraciones biogeográficas...................................................................................7 OBJETIVOS...............................................................................................................8 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.............................................................................................9 RESULTADOS.....................................................................................................................10 Camptosema...............................................................................................................10 C. coccineum.....................................................................................................….....10 C. coriaceum..............................................................................................................11 C. ellipticum...............................................................................................................12 C. paraguariense........................................................................................................13 C. praeandinum..........................................................................................................15 C. rubicundum............................................................................................................17 C. scarlatinum............................................................................................................18 Collaea............................................................................….......................................19 C. argentina................................................................................................................20 C. aschersoniana.........................................................................................................21 C. cipoensis...................................................................................................…..........21 C. paraguariensis.......................................................................................................23 C. stenophylla.............................................................................................................24 Galactia...................................................................................................……….…..25 Sección Galactia..................................................................................…...……........25 G. lindenii...................................................................................................………....26 Sección Odonia..................................................................................…...……..…....27 4 G. benthamiana....................................................................................................…..27 G. sp. nov................................................................................................…...............30 G. dubia......................................................................................................................31 G. fiebrigiana.............................................................................................................32 G. jussiaeana...................................................................................................……...34
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