DOCSLIB.ORG

Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Indiana

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Indiana SYSTEMATICS Survey and Identification of Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Indiana CHANGLU WANG,1,2,3 XUGUO ZHOU,3,4 SHUJUAN LI,5 MARGARET SCHWINGHAMMER,6 7 MICHAEL E. SCHARF, GRZEGORZ BUCZKOWSKI, AND GARY W. BENNETT Center for Urban and Industrial Pest Management, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 102(6): 1029Ð1036 (2009) ABSTRACT In total, 289 termite samples were collected from 45 counties in Indiana during 2002Ð 2004. Approximately 89% of the collection sites were associated with artiÞcial structures, and almost half of the samples were from inside homes. The rest of the samples were from forested areas. Termite samples were identiÞed based on their morphological characteristics, molecular characteristics, or both. Five species from the genus Reticulitermes were identiÞed, and the relative abundance (per- centage of the total collections) of these Þve species was Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (90.0), Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks) (7.6), Reticulitermes arenincola (Goellner) (1.0), Reticulitermes tibialis (Banks) (1.0), and Reticulitermes hageni Banks (0.3). Based on the distribution map, R. flavipes was the dominant and the most widely distributed species in Indiana (44 counties); followed by R. virginicus (13 counties). The three other Reticulitermes species, R. arenincola, R. tibialis, and R. hageni, were encountered in only Þve counties. R. arenincola is considered a rare species and its distribution has been limited to sand dunes near Lake Michigan. However, in this study, two of the three R. arenincola samples were collected outside of its type location. R. tibialis was found in three counties, whereas R. hageni was only found in Evansville, IN. To complement the morphological identiÞcations, a 389-bp region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 16S rRNA gene was ampliÞed and sequenced from all Þve Reticulitermes species. Based on species-speciÞc polymorphisms exhibited in mtDNA sequences, a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphismÐbased diagnostic tool was developed to identify samples lacking of diagnostic morphological characters. KEY WORDS termite, survey, 16S rRNA, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, Reticulitermes Termites are the most important and most efÞcient building material in the United States because it has lignocellulose (e.g., dead wood) decomposers (Sugi- been readily available in most parts of the country. moto et al. 2000). They play a vital role in recycling With sufÞcient moisture, these wood materials be- wood and plant materials, modifying soil condition, come the ideal food sources for subterranean termites. improving soil composition and fertility, and providing Drywood termites and subterranean termites are the food for other animals (Lee and Wood 1971). How- two major termite groups that have the greatest eco- ever, because of their large colony size, nesting be- nomic impacts in North America, with subterranean havior, and feeding preferences, termites can cause termites causing Ͼ80% of the damage, and drywood considerable damage to artiÞcial structures and com- termites causing the other 20% (Su and Scheffrahn modities. Su (2002) estimated that the overall damage 1990). Subterranean termites from the genera Reticu- and cost to control termites exceeds $20 billion an- litermes and Coptotermes arguably are the most eco- nually worldwide. Wood has long been the primary nomically important species. Furthermore, Reticuli- termes is the most widespread termite genus in North 1 Current address: Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, America, with seven described species, including Re- New Brunswick, NJ 08901. ticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), Reticulitermes virginicus 2 Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected]. (Banks), Reticulitermes tibialis (Banks), Reticuli- 3 These authors contributed equally. 4 Current address: Department of Entomology, University of Ken- termes arenincola Goellner, Reticulitermes hesperus tucky, Lexington, KY 40546. Banks, Reticulitermes hageni Banks, and Reticulitermes 5 Current address: University of Arizona, Maricopa Agricultural malletei (nomen nudum) (Austin et al. 2007). Center, Maricopa, AZ 85238. Termite species vary in their basic biology and ecol- 6 Current address: 2121 Jamieson Ave., #910, Alexandria, VA 22314. 7 Current address: Entomology and Nematology Department, Uni- ogy, including colony size, nesting, feeding, swarming, versity of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. and reproductive behavior. Proper identiÞcation of 0013-8746/09/1029Ð1036$04.00/0 ᭧ 2009 Entomological Society of America 1030 ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Vol. 102, no. 6 termite species and knowledge of their distribution frahn et al. 1988), South Carolina (Hathorne et al. are the Þrst steps in developing environmentally 2000), Georgia (Scheffrahn et al. 2001), Mississippi compatible/sustainable integrated pest management (Wang and Powell 2001), Louisiana (Messenger et al. (IPM) strategies. Of the 2,600 known termite species, 2002), Ohio (Jones and Nuss 2002), Arkansas (Austin only a fraction (Ϸ40 species) have been identiÞed in et al. 2004), Oklahoma (Brown et al. 2004), Nebraska the United States (Kambhampati and Eggleton 2000). (Husen et al. 2006), and Missouri (Pinzon and House- IdentiÞcation of termite species is a challenging task man 2009). There is no termite survey data available due to the ambiguity in their morphological charac- for Indiana. To Þll this gap we have 1) investigated the ters, the difÞculty of collecting morphologically dis- diversity, distribution, and abundance of the termite tinct castes (e.g., soldiers and alates), geographical species in Indiana; 2) developed a termite identiÞca- variations, and the overall lack of termite systematic tion key with quantiÞable morphological characters; studies. This is especially true for the genus Reticuli- and 3) developed a PCR-RFLPÐbased molecular di- termes that notoriously lacks discrete morphological agnostic tool to complement morphological identiÞ- characters and rightfully deserves a thorough system- cations. atic revision (Nutting 1990, Scheffrahn and Su 1994). Developmental end points, such as soldier and alate Materials and Methods castes, have been used extensively in the morpholog- ical identiÞcation of Reticulitermes species. In con- Termite Survey. Survey letters and collection kits trast, the worker caste is indistinguishable morpho- were sent to pest management companies in Indiana logically. with help from the Indiana Pest Management Asso- Molecular techniques can circumvent the limita- ciation in 2002 and 2003. Each collection kit included tions of morphological assessments, and have been general instructions, 10 collection vials containing adopted for the study of termite classiÞcation/iden- 100% ethanol and two postage-paid return envelopes. tiÞcation, phylogenetic analyses (Kambhampati et al. Each vial was individually sealed in a plastic zip-lock 1996; Miura et al. 1998; Cle´ment et al. 2001; Austin et bag. Each bag was provided with a label for Þlling in al. 2004; Szalanski et al. 2003, 2004) and population the collection information, including the collection genetics (Jenkins et al. 1998, 2001; Marini and Man- date, county, mailing address, habitat type, and the tovani 2002; Austin et al. 2002, Ye et al. 2004). Mito- collectorÕs name. In total, 62 collection kits were sent chondrial genes are known to evolve more rapidly and out in April 2002 and 82 kits were sent in February their DNA to be more abundant relative to nuclear 2003. In total, 262 samples (vials) were returned. In genes; therefore, they are the most widely used addition, the authors collected 27 samples. Among marker in molecular identiÞcations (Simon et al. these 27 samples, 11 were from dead wood materials 1994). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based re- at Dune Acres, Porter County, and 16 were from striction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) infested structures in Tippecanoe County or sur- techniques readily separate closely related taxons by rounding counties. Dune Acres is located at the center their taxon-speciÞc mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the R. arenincola distribution area described by markers and have been used extensively in molecular Goellner (1931). Each collection (vial) returned was systematic and phylogenetic analyses, especially after assigned a number for future reference. Subsequently, the introduction of universal primers (Simon et al. 1994, half of the termites in each vial were transferred to a Loxdale and Lushai 1998). rRNA (e.g., 12S and 16S), vial containing 75% ethanol for morphological iden- tRNA, and protein coding genes (e.g., cytochrome oxi- tiÞcation, and the other half were transferred to a vial dase [COI] I and II) are the primary mtDNA markers containing 100% ethanol for molecular identiÞcation. used in molecular identiÞcation of Reticulitermes species Morphological Identification. Collections contain- (Austin et al. 2002, Szalanski et al. 2003, Ye et al. 2004). ing soldiers, alates, or both were identiÞed to species Among them, 16S rRNA has been proven to be an ac- by their morphological characters under an SZ 60 curate, reliable, repeatable, and inexpensive mtDNA dissecting microscope (Olympus, Vienna, Austria). marker for the termite identiÞcation, especially for Re- Species determination was based on previous descrip- ticulitermes species (Szalanski et al. 2003; Austin et al. tions by Goellner (1931), Weesner (1965), Nutting 2005a,b; Tripodi
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2017 AAS Abstracts
    2017 AAS Abstracts The American Arachnological Society 41st Annual Meeting July 24-28, 2017 Quéretaro, Juriquilla Fernando Álvarez Padilla Meeting Abstracts ( * denotes participation in student competition) Abstracts of keynote speakers are listed first in order of presentation, followed by other abstracts in alphabetical order by first author. Underlined indicates presenting author, *indicates presentation in student competition. Only students with an * are in the competition. MAPPING THE VARIATION IN SPIDER BODY COLOURATION FROM AN INSECT PERSPECTIVE Ajuria-Ibarra, H. 1 Tapia-McClung, H. 2 & D. Rao 1 1. INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México. 2. Laboratorio Nacional de Informática Avanzada, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Colour variation is frequently observed in orb web spiders. Such variation can impact fitness by affecting the way spiders are perceived by relevant observers such as prey (i.e. by resembling flower signals as visual lures) and predators (i.e. by disrupting search image formation). Verrucosa arenata is an orb-weaving spider that presents colour variation in a conspicuous triangular pattern on the dorsal part of the abdomen. This pattern has predominantly white or yellow colouration, but also reflects light in the UV part of the spectrum. We quantified colour variation in V. arenata from images obtained using a full spectrum digital camera. We obtained cone catch quanta and calculated chromatic and achromatic contrasts for the visual systems of Drosophila melanogaster and Apis mellifera. Cluster analyses of the colours of the triangular patch resulted in the formation of six and three statistically different groups in the colour space of D. melanogaster and A. mellifera, respectively. Thus, no continuous colour variation was found.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding and Foraging Behaviors of Subterranean Termites (Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae)
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1989 Feeding and Foraging Behaviors of Subterranean Termites (Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae). Keith Scott elD aplane Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Delaplane, Keith Scott, "Feeding and Foraging Behaviors of Subterranean Termites (Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae)." (1989). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4838. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4838 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution and Population Dynamics of the Asian Cockroach
    DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE ASIAN COCKROACH (BLATTELLA ASAHINIA MIZUKUBO) IN SOUTHERN ALABAMA AND GEORGIA Except where reference is made to the work of others, the work described in this thesis is my own or was done in collaboration with my advisory committee. This thesis does not include proprietary or classified information. ___________________________________ Edward Todd Snoddy Certificate of Approval: ___________________________ ___________________________ Micky D. Eubanks Arthur G. Appel, Chair Associate Professor Professor Entomology and Plant Pathology Entomology and Plant Pathology ___________________________ ___________________________ Xing Ping Hu George T. Flowers Associate Professor Interim Dean Entomology and Plant Pathology Graduate School DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE ASIAN COCKROACH (BLATTELLA ASAHINIA MIZUKUBO) IN SOUTHERN ALABAMA AND GEORGIA Edward Todd Snoddy A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama May 10, 2007 DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE ASIAN COCKROACH (BLATTELLA ASAHINIA MIZUKUBO) IN SOUTHERN ALABAMA AND GEORGIA Edward Todd Snoddy Permission is granted to Auburn University to make copies of this thesis at its discretion, upon request of individuals or institutions and at their expense. The author reserves all publication rights. _______________________ Signature of Author _______________________ Date of Graduation iii VITA Edward Todd Snoddy was born in Auburn, Alabama on February 28, 1964 to Dr. Edward Lewis Snoddy and Lucy Mae Snoddy. He graduated Sheffield High School, Sheffield, Alabama in 1981. He attended Alexander Junior College from 1981 to 1983 at which time he transferred to Auburn University. He married Tracy Smith of Uchee, Alabama in 1984.
    [Show full text]
  • Article 17 1 Journal of Insect Science | ISSN: 1536-2442
    Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org ISSN: 1536-2442 Characterization of microsatellite loci in the western subterranean termite, Reticulitermes hesperus, and cross-amplification in closely related cryptic species Kirsten A. Copren Center for Population Biology, Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 Current address: Genome Analysis Core, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 2340 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA 94115 Abstract New, and previously reported microsatellites, were characterized for a group of four cryptic sibling species in California (USA) in the subterranean termite genus Reticulitermes with the goal of finding loci appropriate for population and species level studies. Three new microsatellites were identified originating from R. hesperus, and 19 loci previously characterized in R. flavipes and R. santonensis were examined. Of the three loci specifically developed for R. hesperus, none amplify with the other species. Variation appropriate for population level studies was found in 4–13 loci depending on the species. Fifteen loci appeared to be appropriate for use at the species level. Unique or monomorphic alleles are found among the four species, indicating these loci will be taxonomically informative for this group. Keywords: Isoptera, cryptic species, population structure Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 May 2006 | Accepted: 6 September 2006 | Published: 29 March 2007 Copyright: This is an open access paper. We use the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 license that permits unrestricted use, provided that the paper is properly attributed. ISSN: 1536-2442 | Volume 7, Number 17 Cite this paper as: Copren KA. 2007. Characterization of microsatellite loci in the western subterranean termite, Reticulitermes hesperus, and cross-amplification in closely related cryptic species.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Chemical Defense Fluids of Macrotermes Carbonarius
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Evaluation of the chemical defense fuids of Macrotermes carbonarius and Globitermes sulphureus as possible household repellents and insecticides S. Appalasamy1,2*, M. H. Alia Diyana2, N. Arumugam2 & J. G. Boon3 The use of chemical insecticides has had many adverse efects. This study reports a novel perspective on the application of insect-based compounds to repel and eradicate other insects in a controlled environment. In this work, defense fuid was shown to be a repellent and insecticide against termites and cockroaches and was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC– MS). Globitermes sulphureus extract at 20 mg/ml showed the highest repellency for seven days against Macrotermes gilvus and for thirty days against Periplaneta americana. In terms of toxicity, G. sulphureus extract had a low LC50 compared to M. carbonarius extract against M. gilvus. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the M. carbonarius extract indicated the presence of six insecticidal and two repellent compounds in the extract, whereas the G. sulphureus extract contained fve insecticidal and three repellent compounds. The most obvious fnding was that G. sulphureus defense fuid had higher potential as a natural repellent and termiticide than the M. carbonarius extract. Both defense fuids can play a role as alternatives in the search for new, sustainable, natural repellents and termiticides. Our results demonstrate the potential use of termite defense fuid for pest management, providing repellent and insecticidal activities comparable to those of other green repellent and termiticidal commercial products. A termite infestation could be silent, but termites are known as destructive urban pests that cause structural damage by infesting wooden and timber structures, leading to economic loss.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy, Biogeography, and Notes on Termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae) of the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands
    SYSTEMATICS Taxonomy, Biogeography, and Notes on Termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae) of the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands RUDOLF H. SCHEFFRAHN,1 JAN KRˇ ECˇ EK,1 JAMES A. CHASE,2 BOUDANATH MAHARAJH,1 3 AND JOHN R. MANGOLD Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 99(3): 463Ð486 (2006) ABSTRACT Termite surveys of 33 islands of the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos (BATC) archipelago yielded 3,533 colony samples from 593 sites. Twenty-seven species from three families and 12 genera were recorded as follows: Cryptotermes brevis (Walker), Cr. cavifrons Banks, Cr. cymatofrons Schef- Downloaded from frahn and Krˇecˇek, Cr. bracketti n. sp., Incisitermes bequaerti (Snyder), I. incisus (Silvestri), I. milleri (Emerson), I. rhyzophorae Herna´ndez, I. schwarzi (Banks), I. snyderi (Light), Neotermes castaneus (Burmeister), Ne. jouteli (Banks), Ne. luykxi Nickle and Collins, Ne. mona Banks, Procryptotermes corniceps (Snyder), and Pr. hesperus Scheffrahn and Krˇecˇek (Kalotermitidae); Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann, Heterotermes cardini (Snyder), H. sp., Prorhinotermes simplex Hagen, and Reticulitermes flavipes Koller (Rhinotermitidae); and Anoplotermes bahamensis n. sp., A. inopinatus n. sp., Nasuti- termes corniger (Motschulsky), Na. rippertii Rambur, Parvitermes brooksi (Snyder), and Termes http://aesa.oxfordjournals.org/ hispaniolae Banks (Termitidae). Of these species, three species are known only from the Bahamas, whereas 22 have larger regional indigenous ranges that include Cuba, Florida, or Hispaniola and beyond. Recent exotic immigrations for two of the regional indigenous species cannot be excluded. Three species are nonindigenous pests of known recent immigration. IdentiÞcation keys based on the soldier (or soldierless worker) and the winged imago are provided along with species distributions by island. Cr. bracketti, known only from San Salvador Island, Bahamas, is described from the soldier and imago.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Symposium on Current Research on Wood
    The Potential of Using Acoustical Emission to Detect Termites Within Wood1 Vernard R. Lewis Richard L. Lemaster2 Abstract: Acoustical emission (AE) equipment was than 10 lb/acre, may also increase (National used to detect drywood termites Incisitermes minor Academy of Sciences 1980). As a consequence, in ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa blocks under methods for reliable and accurate detection and laboratory conditions. Using a 60 kHz transducer, control of termites are needed. AE levels were recorded for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 termites per block. The association of AE and Although new research shows promise for the varying numbers of drywood termites best fit an development of nonchemical barriers, biological exponential curve. These data suggest that the controls, attractants, and repellents for termites detection capabilities of AE increase with (Rust and others 1988), little has been done to increasing numbers of termites. The implications improve inspections of structures. The use of of this finding to the potential use of AE in electronic stethoscopes and dogs for detecting detecting termites under field conditions are termites is gaining in popularity, though their discussed. utility has not yet been rigorously tested. On- site visual inspection is still the dominant detection technique used by the industry. In California, as many as 73 species of insects Unfortunately, visual inspection is highly have been reported to cause damage to wooden subjective. Consequently, many of the 1,000 structures (Ebeling 1975). Of these species, the complaints filed each year with the California SPCB subterranean termite Reticulitermes hesperus Banks result in litigation. and the drywood termite Incisitermes minor (Hagen) have had the greatest economic impact.
    [Show full text]
  • Wood-‐Destroying Organism Inspection
    InterNACHI Wood-Destroying Organism Inspection Student Course Materials InterNACHI free online course is at http://www.nachi.org/wdocourse.htm. Wood-Destroying Organism Inspection The purpose of the course is to define and teach good practice for: 1) conducting a wood-destroying organism inspection of a building; and 2) performing treatment applications for the control of wood-destroying organisms. This course provides information, instruction, and training for the wood-destroying organism inspector and commercial pesticide applicator studying to become certified. The student will learn how to identify and report infestation of wood-destroying organisms that may exist in a building using a visual examination. The student will learn the best practices for treatment applications to control infestation. The course is designed primarily for wood-destroying organism inspectors, building inspection professionals, and commercial treatment applicators. STUDENT VERIFICATION & INTERACTIVITY Student Verification By enrolling in this course, the student hereby attests that he or she is the person completing all course work. He or she understands that having another person complete the course work for him or her is fraudulent and will immediately result in expulsion from the course and being denied completion. The courser provider reserves the right to make contacts as necessary to verify the integrity of any information submitted or communicated by the student. The student agrees not to duplicate or distribute any part of this copyrighted work or provide other parties with the answers or copies of the assessments that are part of this course. Communications on the message board or forum shall be of the person completing all course work.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of the 12S Rrna Gene Sequences of the Harvester
    Article Characterization of the 12S rRNA Gene Sequences of the Harvester Termite Anacanthotermes ochraceus (Blattodea: Hodotermitidae) and Its Role as A Bioindicator of Heavy Metal Accumulation Risks in Saudi Arabia Reem Alajmi 1,*, Rewaida Abdel-Gaber 1,2,* and Noura AlOtaibi 3 1 Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia 2 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.A.), [email protected] (R.A.-G.) Received: 28 December 2018; Accepted: 3 February 2019; Published: 8 February 2019 Abstract: Termites are social insects of economic importance that have a worldwide distribution. Identifying termite species has traditionally relied on morphometric characters. Recently, several mitochondrial genes have been used as genetic markers to determine the correlation between different species. Heavy metal accumulation causes serious health problems in humans and animals. Being involved in the food chain, insects are used as bioindicators of heavy metals. In the present study, 100 termite individuals of Anacanthotermes ochraceus were collected from two Saudi Arabian localities with different geoclimatic conditions (Riyadh and Taif). These individuals were subjected to morphological identification followed by molecular analysis using mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene sequence, thus confirming the morphological identification of A. ochraceus. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted to determine the genetic relationship between the acquired species and other termite species with sequences previously submitted in the GenBank database. Several heavy metals including Ca, Al, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ba, Cr, Co, Be, Ni, V, Pb, Cd, and Mo were measured in both collected termites and soil samples from both study sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparing the Diversity, Geographic Distribution
    COMPARING THE DIVERSITY, GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, AND INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION OF SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (RETICULITERMES: ISOPTERA: RHINOTERMITIDAE) OCCURRING IN WOODLANDS AND URBAN ENVIRONMENTS OF MISSOURI USING MORPHOLOGY AND 16S mtDNA Olga Patricia Pinzon Dr. Richard Houseman Dissertation supervisor ABSTRACT Subterranean termite species in the genus Reticulitermes are ecologically and economically important in the United States. At least six species of the genus Reticulitermes are native from North American forests where they feed on cellulose materials. In urban environments they feed upon dead wood, and therefore infest and destroy man-made wooden structures. Missouri is considered to have a moderate risk for termite infestations when compared with the states of the southeast part of the country. Despite their ecological and economic importance, Missouri’s subterranean termite faunal composition and geographic distribution is not well known. Diversity, geographic distribution, and genetic variability of Reticulitermes species within Missouri were studied from approximately 600 samples of termite colonies collected during 2004 and 2005 in nine conservation areas, nine cities located near these conservation areas, and from home infestations occurring at many different locations within the state. Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks), Reticulitermes tibialis Banks and Reticulitermes hageni Banks were found occurring in Missouri. Reticulitermes flavipes and R. hageni were the most abundant species. Reticulitermes
    [Show full text]
  • Caracterização Proteometabolômica Dos Componentes Da Teia Da Aranha Nephila Clavipes Utilizados Na Estratégia De Captura De Presas
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS – RIO CLARO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS BIOLOGIA CELULAR E MOLECULAR Caracterização proteometabolômica dos componentes da teia da aranha Nephila clavipes utilizados na estratégia de captura de presas Franciele Grego Esteves Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Câmpus de Rio . Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Celular e Molecular. Rio Claro São Paulo - Brasil Março/2017 FRANCIELE GREGO ESTEVES CARACTERIZAÇÃO PROTEOMETABOLÔMICA DOS COMPONENTES DA TEIA DA ARANHA Nephila clavipes UTILIZADOS NA ESTRATÉGIA DE CAPTURA DE PRESA Orientador: Prof. Dr. Mario Sergio Palma Co-Orientador: Dr. José Roberto Aparecido dos Santos-Pinto Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - Campus de Rio Claro-SP, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Celular e Molecular. Rio Claro 2017 595.44 Esteves, Franciele Grego E79c Caracterização proteometabolômica dos componentes da teia da aranha Nephila clavipes utilizados na estratégia de captura de presas / Franciele Grego Esteves. - Rio Claro, 2017 221 f. : il., figs., gráfs., tabs., fots. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro Orientador: Mario Sergio Palma Coorientador: José Roberto Aparecido dos Santos-Pinto 1. Aracnídeo. 2. Seda de aranha. 3. Glândulas de seda. 4. Toxinas. 5. Abordagem proteômica shotgun. 6. Abordagem metabolômica. I. Título. Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela STATI - Biblioteca da UNESP Campus de Rio Claro/SP Dedico esse trabalho à minha família e aos meus amigos. Agradecimentos AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a Deus primeiramente por me fortalecer no dia a dia, por me capacitar a enfrentar os obstáculos e momentos difíceis da vida.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemolymph Protein Profiles of Subterranean Termite Reticulitermes
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Hemolymph protein profles of subterranean termite Reticulitermes favipes challenged Received: 30 April 2018 Accepted: 22 August 2018 with methicillin resistant Published: xx xx xxxx Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa Yuan Zeng1,4, Xing Ping Hu1, Guanqun Cao2 & Sang-Jin Suh3 When the subterranean termite Reticulitermes favipes is fed heat-killed methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the termite produces proteins with antibacterial activity against the inducer pathogen in its hemolymph. We used a proteomic approach to characterize the alterations in protein profles caused by the inducer bacterium in the hemolymph of the termite. Nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identifed a total of 221 proteins and approximately 70% of these proteins could be associated with biological processes and molecular functions. Challenges with these human pathogens induced a total of 57 proteins (35 in MRSA-challenged, 16 in P. aeruginosa-challenged, and 6 shared by both treatments) and suppressed 13 proteins by both pathogens. Quasi-Poisson likelihood modeling with false discovery rate adjustment identifed a total of 18 and 40 proteins that were diferentially expressed at least 2.5-fold in response to MRSA and P. aeruginosa-challenge, respectively. We selected 7 diferentially expressed proteins and verifed their gene expression levels via quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Our fndings provide an initial insight into a putative termite immune response against MRSA and P. aeruginosa-challenge. Insect hemolymph plays key roles in insect innate immunity1. Although many of the hemolymph components have yet to be characterized, some of the proteins have been identifed and their functions elucidated.
    [Show full text]