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RESEARCH ARTICLE Anti-Glioma Effect of Pseudosynanceia
DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.7.2295 Effect of Pseudosynanceia Melanostigma Venom on Glioblastoma Cells RESEARCH ARTICLE Editorial Process: Submission:02/14/2021 Acceptance:07/15/2021 Anti-Glioma Effect of Pseudosynanceia Melanostigma Venom on Isolated Mitochondria from Glioblastoma Cells Maral Ramezani, Fatemeh Samiei, Jalal Pourahmad* Abstract Background: Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system that occurs in the spinal cord or brain. Pseudosynanceia Melanostigma is a venomous stonefish in the Persian Gulf, which our knowledge about is little. This study’s goal is to investigate the toxicity of stonefish crude venom on mitochondria isolated from U87 cells. Methods: In the first stage, we extracted venom stonefish and then isolated mitochondria have exposed to different concentrations of venom. Finally, mitochondrial toxicity parameters (Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, Reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytochrome c release, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP), and mitochondrial swelling) have evaluated. Results: To determine mitochondrial parameters, we used 115, 230, and 460 µg/ml concentrations. The results of our study show that the venom of stonefish selectively increases upstream parameters of apoptosis such as mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, MMP collapse and ROS. Conclusion: This study suggests that Pseudosynanceia Melanostigma crude venom has selectively caused toxicity by increasing active mitochondrial oxygen radicals. This venom could potentially be a candidate for the treatment of glioblastoma. Keywords: Mitochondria- glioblastoma- fish venoms- cell line- tumor- toxicity-Persian Gulf Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 22 (7), 2295-2302 Introduction freshwater or saltwater. Marine animals most commonly used for animals live in saltwater, i.e. in oceans, seas, Glioblastoma multiform is the most common group of etc. -
Endurance News Issue 59
ENDURANCE July 2008 : Issue 059 NEWSThe endurance athlete’s comprehensive knowledge resource since 1992 The Safety of Stevia Bill Misner, Ph.D. & Steve Born Pg 2 Welcome We recently received the following Unsafe or very poorly tested and not Pg 4 From The Saddle Of Steve Born email… worth any risk.” Here is there specific Pg 8 Product Spotlight : Anti-Fatigue Caps analysis: “Small amounts are probably I’ve been a long time user of Hammer safe. High doses fed to rats reduced Pg 10 Pre-Workout/Race Fueling (originally E-CAPS) products. One of sperm production and increased cell Pg 11 Phytoestrogens from Soy Protein the reasons I like them so much is that proliferation in their testicles, which they don’t include artificial ingredients. could cause infertility or other problems. Pg 12 Junior Development Cycling I try not to consume anything that Stevia can be sold in the United States Pg 14 Salt Stains might be harmful to my health. I’m only as a dietary supplement, but several also a subscriber to Nutrition Action Pg 15 Hammer Partners companies are reportedly developing a Health Letter put out by the Center stevia-derived sweetener and plan to Pg 16 Back Pain for Science in the Public Interest, seek approval for the FDA to use it in Pg 17 2008 Events and have considered their publication foods.” reliable for many years. Their latest Pg 18 Getting Faster As You Get Older issue has a guide to food additives. They Pg 20 Muscle Soreness / Weight Gain rated stevia: “Everyone Should Avoid. -
Spider Bites
Infectious Disease Epidemiology Section Office of Public Health, Louisiana Dept of Health & Hospitals 800-256-2748 (24 hr number) www.infectiousdisease.dhh.louisiana.gov SPIDER BITES Revised 6/13/2007 Epidemiology There are over 3,000 species of spiders native to the United States. Due to fragility or inadequate length of fangs, only a limited number of species are capable of inflicting noticeable wounds on human beings, although several small species of spiders are able to bite humans, but with little or no demonstrable effect. The final determination of etiology of 80% of suspected spider bites in the U.S. is, in fact, an alternate diagnosis. Therefore the perceived risk of spider bites far exceeds actual risk. Tick bites, chemical burns, lesions from poison ivy or oak, cutaneous anthrax, diabetic ulcer, erythema migrans from Lyme disease, erythema from Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, sporotrichosis, Staphylococcus infections, Stephens Johnson syndrome, syphilitic chancre, thromboembolic effects of Leishmaniasis, toxic epidermal necrolyis, shingles, early chicken pox lesions, bites from other arthropods and idiopathic dermal necrosis have all been misdiagnosed as spider bites. Almost all bites from spiders are inflicted by the spider in self defense, when a human inadvertently upsets or invades the spider’s space. Of spiders in the United States capable of biting, only a few are considered dangerous to human beings. Bites from the following species of spiders can result in serious sequelae: Louisiana Office of Public Health – Infectious Disease Epidemiology Section Page 1 of 14 The Brown Recluse: Loxosceles reclusa Photo Courtesy of the Texas Department of State Health Services The most common species associated with medically important spider bites: • Physical characteristics o Length: Approximately 1 inch o Appearance: A violin shaped mark can be visualized on the dorsum (top). -
Violent Incidents Between Humans and Orcas in Captivity
Violent incidents between humans and orcas in captivity Several accounts of violent incidents with humans have appeared in books and news clips, with little information on the dates or details of those incidents. Other descriptions have made headlines, and some were captured on video tape. There are also anecdotal reports of incidents that were never officially documented. NO. DATE AQUARIUM WHALEs INCIDENT SOURCE early years New York When water level was lowered for pool cleaning, young female Lupa sent Edward R. Riciuti, , New #1 1968 Lupa York, Walker & Co., 1973, Aquarium, USA trainers scrambling from the pool, snapping her jaws threatening. pp. 227-228. Edward R. Riciuti, Killers of the Sea, New York, Young male Cuddles became so increasingly aggressive, having a hold of at Walker & Co., 1973, pp. Flamingo Park, least two trainers, that keepers had to clean the pool from the protection of a 227-228; Reading #2 1969-1970 Cuddles England shark cage. Cuddles also dragged keeper Don Robinson into the pool when he Eagle, August 15, was at Dudley Zoo but that was possibly a PR stunt. 1971; Doug Cartlidge, personal communication, March 2010. Karen Pryor writes, "I have since heard... of at least one killer whale which Karen Pryor, Lads Before the Wind, New York, #3 1970s unknown unknown launched an unprovoked attack on a favorite trainer, in normal circumstances, Harper & Row, 1976, p. savaged him very badly, and nearly killed him." 220. Vancouver Trainer Doug Pemberton described young female Skana as the dominant Cranky killer whales put trainers through their #4 1970's Aquarium, Skana animal in the pool. -
Awareness, Prevention and Treatment of World-Wide Marine Stings and Bites
Awareness, Prevention and Treatment of world-wide marine stings and bites Dr Peter Fenner Honorary Medical Officer, Surf Life Saving Australia International Life Saving Federation Medical/Rescue Conference Proceedings September 1997 Abstract The most common world-wide first aid treatment used by the average lifesaver/lifeguard is the treatment of marine envenomation, especially the treatment of jellyfish stings. It is important to use the correct first aid treatment for each type of envenomation. This study provides a simplified protocol for: - 1. Awareness of the geographical distribution and possibilities of envenomation enabling: - 2. Preventative strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality from marine envenomation 3. First aid treatment of marine envenomation by jellyfish or other marine animals This discussion is based on protocols developed for Surf Life Saving Australia and other first aid providers in Australia over the past ten years. Their success has been proven by a 30% reduction in the number of stings over the past 10 years (statistics from the author’s records). Information for this article has been taken from: - 1. Venomous and poisonous marine animals: a medical and biological handbook produced by Surf Life Saving Queensland 2. The global problem of cnidarian stinging. MD Thesis by the author for the University of London. Introduction The global problem of marine envenomation is not fully appreciated. Each year hundreds of deaths occur from poisoning (by ingestion or eating) or by envenomation (stinging by jellyfish, or biting by venomous marine animals). The morbidity is even greater with jellyfish stings world-wide being numbered in their millions. Each summer it is estimated that up to half a million stings occur on the east coast of the United States from the Portuguese man-o’-war (Physalia physalis). -
A Guide to Harmful and Toxic Creatures in the Goa of Jordan
Published by the Royal Marine Conservation Society of Jordan. P. O. Box 831051, Abdel Aziz El Thaalbi St., Shmesani 11183. Amman Copyright: © The Royal Marine Conservation Society of Jordan Reproduction of this publication for educational and other non- commercial purposes is authorized without prior written approval from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. ISBN: 978-9957-8740-1-8 Deposit Number at the National Library: 2619/6/2016 Citation: Eid, E and Al Tawaha, M. (2016). A Guide to Harmful and Toxic Creature in the Gulf of Aqaba of Jordan. The Royal Marine Conservation Society of Jordan. ISBN: 978-9957-8740-1-8. Pp 84. Material was reviewed by Dr Nidal Al Oran, International Research Center for Water, Environment and Energy\ Al Balqa’ Applied University,and Dr. Omar Attum from Indiana University Southeast at the United State of America. Cover page: Vlad61; Shutterstock Library All photographs used in this publication remain the property of the original copyright holder, and it should not be reproduced or used in other contexts without permission. 1 Content Index of Creatures Described in this Guide ......................................................... 5 Preface ................................................................................................................ 6 Part One: Introduction ......................................................................................... 8 1.1 The Gulf of Aqaba; Jordan ......................................................................... 8 1.2 Aqaba; -
Cruel Auteurism Affective Digital Mediations Toward Film-Composition Bonnie Lenore Kyburz
Cruel Auteurism affective digital mediations toward film-composition bonnie lenore kyburz CRUEL AUTEURISM AFFECTIVE DIGITAL MEDIATIONS TOWARD FILM-COMPOSITION #WRITING Series Editor: Cheryl E. Ball The# writing series publishes open-access digital and low-cost print editions of monographs that address issues in digital rhetoric, new media studies, dig- ital humanities, techno-pedagogy, and similar areas of interest. The WAC Clearinghouse, Colorado State University Open Press, and the Uni- versity Press of Colorado are collaborating so that books in this series are widely available through free digital distribution and in a low-cost print edi- tion. The publishers and the series editor are committed to the principle that knowledge should freely circulate. We see the opportunities that new technol- ogies have for further democratizing knowledge. And we see that to share the power of writing is to share the means for all to articulate their needs, interest, and learning into the great experiment of literacy. Other Books in the Series Derek N. Mueller, Network Sense: Methods for Visualizing a Discipline (2017) CRUEL AUTEURISM AFFECTIVE DIGITAL MEDIATIONS TOWARD FILM-COMPOSITION By bonnie lenore kyburz The WAC Clearinghouse wac.colostate.edu Fort Collins, Colorado University Press of Colorado upcolorado.com Louisville, Colorado The WAC Clearinghouse, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 University Press of Colorado, Lousville, Colorado 80027 © 2019 by bonnie lenore kyburz. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribu- tion-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International. ISBN 978-1-64215-002-5 (PDF) | 978-1-64215-018-6 (ePub) | 978-1-60732-918-3 (pbk.) Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Kyburz, Bonnie Lenore, author. -
Dangerous Creatures of the Maltese Sea: Injuries and Treatment - Part 2
REVIEW ARTICLE Dangerous creatures of the Maltese sea: Injuries and treatment - Part 2 DR DAVID JAMES SAMMUT ABSTRACT deeper than the epidermis. The common Mediterranean This is the second of a two-part article intended sea urchin does not possess any venom in its spines, thus to give information about different organisms which injury is often of a minor nature. inhabit the Maltese sea and which are potentially harmful. Doctors working in the primary health setup Treatment and sometimes also in secondary care are often faced Treatment options vary. Embedded spines can either with injuries related to these organisms. The nature of be removed immediately, after a few days, or left to come the injury and its treatment is then discussed. Treatment out spontaneously. Any large projecting spines should however is not evidenced based as little if any studies be carefully removed with tweezers (Drobina, 2008). have been conducted in this field of medicine. After the Deeper spines are more difficult to remove. Removing first article considered venomous organisms, this second them immediately is often time consuming, painful and article will review sea creatures that may cause injury may cause more trauma to the site. Superficial spines are through bites, spines and electricity. best left undisturbed, as they will eventually be rejected spontaneously as the epidermis renews itself. Deeper KEY WORDS spines will come out easier if left for a few days before Bites, moray eel bites, sea urchin puncture attempting to remove them. The skin over the spine is broken with a needle and the spine is easily removed by INTRODUCTION applying pressure at the sides of the spine. -
A Summary of the Effects of Captivity on Orcas
A Summary of the Effects of Captivity on Orcas PEOPLE FOR THE ETHICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMALS Contents The Eff ects of Captivity on Tilikum and Orcas Generally at SeaWorld…………..................................…………......3 I. Orcas Are Extremely Intelligent Mammals Whose Brains Are Highly Developed in Areas Responsible for Complex Cognitive Functions, Including Self-Awareness, Social Cognition, Culture, and Language …………………………………………...............................................................................................…...4 II. Tilikum Is Deprived of Every Facet of His Culture and the Opportunity to Engage in Natural Behavior, Causing Extreme Stress and Suff ering….…………….….......................................................5 A. The Tanks at SeaWorld Provide Inadequate Space and Result in Stress……….…...........................5 B. SeaWorld’s Constant Manipulation of Tilikum’s Social Structure Results in Stress.................7 C. The Tanks at SeaWorld Create a Distressing Acoustic Environment…….………..….........................9 III. The Stressors of the Captive Environment at SeaWorld Result in Aggressiveness, Self- Injury, and Other Physical and Behavioral Abnormalities………………….……..............................................10 A. Aggression Between Orcas and Between Orcas and Humans……..……………..............................……10 B. Stereotypic Behavior………………….……………………………………….......................................................................….…..13 1. Painful Dental Problems Caused by Chewing Metal Gates and Concrete Tanks.....14 2. -
Investigative Guidelines: Animal Bites and Rabies
PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISION Acute and Communicable Disease Prevention Animal Bites and Rabies Investigative Guidelines December 2018 1. DISEASE REPORTING 1.1 Purpose of Reporting and Surveillance 1. To assess the risk of rabies in persons bitten or otherwise possibly exposed to recommend rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (RPEP) to those who need it, and to provide counseling and reassurance to those who don’t. 2. As necessary to arrange for the capture and either confinement (10-day observation) of a live dog, cat or ferret, or the laboratory examination of an animal head. This may involve coordination with other agencies, e.g., the Humane Society, county sanitarians, animal control and local law enforcement. 3. To identify zoonotic sources of infection. 1.2 Reporting Requirements 1. Anyone with knowledge of humans being bitten by potentially rabid animals (e.g., physicians, veterinarians, animal control personnel, law-enforcement officials, or animal owners), is required to report such incidents to the Local Health Department (LHD) within one working day. 2. Laboratories: Any confirmed case of rabies in an animal and any suspected or confirmed case of human rabies must be reported immediately (day or night) to the LHD. If the LHD cannot be reached, the Acute and Communicable Disease Prevention (ACDP) Section of Oregon Health Authority (OHA) should be contacted at 971-673-1111. 1.3 Local Health Department Reporting and Follow-Up Responsibilities 1. Investigate all reports of animal bites, on the day of the report whenever possible. 2. Determine, in consultation with OHA on-call staff as necessary, whether the exposure constitutes a significant risk for rabies, in which either empiric RPEP or testing of the animal is to be recommended. -
PRICK TESTING in INSECT BITE REACTION Dissertation Submitted
PRICK TESTING IN INSECT BITE REACTION Dissertation submitted to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R Medical University, Chennai In fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Medicine in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology Under the guidance of Dr. SHANMUGA SEKAR .C, MD., Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology PSG INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES & RESEARCH, COIMBATORE THE TAMILNADU DR. M.G.R MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI, TAMILNADU MAY 2018 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled “PRICK TESTING IN INSECT BITE REACTION” is a bonafide work of Dr. IYSHWARIYA SIVADASAN done under the direct guidance and supervision of Dr.C.R. SRINIVAS, MD and Dr. SHANMUGA SEKAR .C, MD, in the department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore in fulfillment of the regulations of The Tamil Nadu Dr.MGR Medical University for the award of MD degree in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. Dr. REENA RAI Dr. RAMALINGAM Professor & Head of Department DEAN Department of DVL DECLARATION I hereby declare that this dissertation entitled “PRICK TESTING IN INSECT BITE REACTION” was prepared by me under the direct guidance and supervision of Dr.C.R.SRINIVAS, MD and Dr. SHANMUGA SEKAR C., MD, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore. The dissertation is submitted to The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University in fulfillment of the University regulation for the award of MD degree in Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. This dissertation has not been submitted for the award of any other Degree or Diploma. Dr. IYSHWARIYA SIVADASAN CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE This is to certify that the thesis entitled “PRICK TESTING IN INSECT BITE REACTION” is a bonafide work of Dr. -
An Approach to Spider Bites Erroneous Attribution of Dermonecrotic Lesions to Brown Recluse Or Hobo Spider Bites in Canada Robert G
CME An approach to spider bites Erroneous attribution of dermonecrotic lesions to brown recluse or hobo spider bites in Canada Robert G. Bennett, MSC, PHD Richard S. Vetter, MSC ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To dispel prevalent myths surrounding diagnosis of dermonecrotic and associated conditions supposedly resulting from bites of brown recluse, hobo, or other spiders in Canada. SOURCES OF INFORMATION Worldwide, spider bites are regularly misdiagnosed as the etiologic agents in human dermonecrosis mainly as a result of inaccurate, erroneous, or hyperbolic popular and professional literature based on inference, circumstantial evidence, inferior clinical trials, and misunderstanding of the facts regarding spider-bite envenomation. MAIN MESSAGE A working diagnosis of “spider bite” or publishing a case history should be considered only when a spider is caught in the act of biting or otherwise reliably associated with a lesion. Accurate identifi cation of the spider could be critical for correct diagnosis and subsequent treatment. CONCLUSION Brown recluse spiders are not found in Canada. Hobo spiders have not been reliably implicated in dermonecrosis. Worldwide, spider-bite envenomation is an unlikely cause of dermonecrosis. Canadian physicians should give priority consideration to other, more likely, causes. RÉSUMÉ OBJECTIF Dissiper le mythe entourant les lésions dermonécrosantes et les conditions analogues attribuées au Canada à la piqûre d’une araignée comme la recluse brune ou la tégénaire t. campestris (hobo spider). SOURCE DE L’INFORMATION À l’échelle mondiale, des lésions dermonécrosantes chez l’humain sont régulièrement attribuées à tort à des piqûres d’araignées, à cause surtout d’articles populaires ou professionnels inexacts, erronés ou exagérés, fondés sur des conclusions, des preuves circonstancielles, des essais cliniques peu fi ables et sur une méconnaissance des faits concernant les empoisonnements causés par les araignées.