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Generated by SRI International Pathway Tools Version 25.0, Authors S
An online version of this diagram is available at BioCyc.org. Biosynthetic pathways are positioned in the left of the cytoplasm, degradative pathways on the right, and reactions not assigned to any pathway are in the far right of the cytoplasm. Transporters and membrane proteins are shown on the membrane. Periplasmic (where appropriate) and extracellular reactions and proteins may also be shown. Pathways are colored according to their cellular function. Gcf_000238675-HmpCyc: Bacillus smithii 7_3_47FAA Cellular Overview Connections between pathways are omitted for legibility. -
Inhibition of the Fungal Fatty Acid Synthase Type I Multienzyme Complex
Inhibition of the fungal fatty acid synthase type I multienzyme complex Patrik Johansson*, Birgit Wiltschi*, Preeti Kumari†, Brigitte Kessler*, Clemens Vonrhein‡, Janet Vonck†, Dieter Oesterhelt*§, and Martin Grininger*§ *Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; †Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue Strasse 3, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; and ‡Global Phasing Ltd., Sheraton House, Castle Park, Cambridge CB3 0AX, United Kingdom Communicated by Hartmut Michel, Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany, June 23, 2008 (received for review March 6, 2008) Fatty acids are among the major building blocks of living cells, isoniazid and triclosan, both inhibiting the ER step of bacterial making lipid biosynthesis a potent target for compounds with fatty acid biosynthesis (6, 7). Several inhibitors targeting the antibiotic or antineoplastic properties. We present the crystal ketoacyl synthase (KS) step of the FAS cycle have also been structure of the 2.6-MDa Saccharomyces cerevisiae fatty acid syn- described, including cerulenin (CER) (8), thiolactomycin (TLM) thase (FAS) multienzyme in complex with the antibiotic cerulenin, (9), and the recently discovered platensimycin (PLM) (10). The representing, to our knowledge, the first structure of an inhibited polyketide CER inhibits both FAS type I and II KS enzymes, by fatty acid megasynthase. Cerulenin attacks the FAS ketoacyl syn- covalent modification of the active site cysteine and by occupying thase (KS) domain, forming a covalent bond to the active site the long acyl-binding pocket (11, 12). TLM and PLM, in contrast, cysteine C1305. The inhibitor binding causes two significant con- have been shown to be selective toward the FAS II system, formational changes of the enzyme. -
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION in Silico Signature Prediction
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION In Silico Signature Prediction Modeling in Cytolethal Distending Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Maryam Javadi, Mana Oloomi*, Saeid Bouzari Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13164, Iran http://www.genominfo.org/src/sm/gni-15-69-s001.pdf Supplementary Table 6. Aalphabetic abbreviation and description of putative conserved domains Alphabetic Abbreviation Description 17 Large terminase protein 2_A_01_02 Multidrug resistance protein 2A0115 Benzoate transport; [Transport and binding proteins, Carbohydrates, organic alcohols] 52 DNA topisomerase II medium subunit; Provisional AAA_13 AAA domain; This family of domains contain a P-loop motif AAA_15 AAA ATPase domain; This family of domains contain a P-loop motif AAA_21 AAA domain AAA_23 AAA domain ABC_RecF ATP-binding cassette domain of RecF; RecF is a recombinational DNA repair ATPase ABC_SMC_barmotin ATP-binding cassette domain of barmotin, a member of the SMC protein family AcCoA-C-Actrans Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferases AHBA_syn 3-Amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid synthase family (AHBA_syn) AidA Type V secretory pathway, adhesin AidA [Cell envelope biogenesis] Ail_Lom Enterobacterial Ail/Lom protein; This family consists of several bacterial and phage Ail_Lom proteins AIP3 Actin interacting protein 3; Aip3p/Bud6p is a regulator of cell and cytoskeletal polarity Aldose_epim_Ec_YphB Aldose 1-epimerase, similar to Escherichia coli YphB AlpA Predicted transcriptional regulator [Transcription] AntA AntA/AntB antirepressor AraC AraC-type -
Supplemental Methods
Supplemental Methods: Sample Collection Duplicate surface samples were collected from the Amazon River plume aboard the R/V Knorr in June 2010 (4 52.71’N, 51 21.59’W) during a period of high river discharge. The collection site (Station 10, 4° 52.71’N, 51° 21.59’W; S = 21.0; T = 29.6°C), located ~ 500 Km to the north of the Amazon River mouth, was characterized by the presence of coastal diatoms in the top 8 m of the water column. Sampling was conducted between 0700 and 0900 local time by gently impeller pumping (modified Rule 1800 submersible sump pump) surface water through 10 m of tygon tubing (3 cm) to the ship's deck where it then flowed through a 156 µm mesh into 20 L carboys. In the lab, cells were partitioned into two size fractions by sequential filtration (using a Masterflex peristaltic pump) of the pre-filtered seawater through a 2.0 µm pore-size, 142 mm diameter polycarbonate (PCTE) membrane filter (Sterlitech Corporation, Kent, CWA) and a 0.22 µm pore-size, 142 mm diameter Supor membrane filter (Pall, Port Washington, NY). Metagenomic and non-selective metatranscriptomic analyses were conducted on both pore-size filters; poly(A)-selected (eukaryote-dominated) metatranscriptomic analyses were conducted only on the larger pore-size filter (2.0 µm pore-size). All filters were immediately submerged in RNAlater (Applied Biosystems, Austin, TX) in sterile 50 mL conical tubes, incubated at room temperature overnight and then stored at -80oC until extraction. Filtration and stabilization of each sample was completed within 30 min of water collection. -
Supplementary Table S4. FGA Co-Expressed Gene List in LUAD
Supplementary Table S4. FGA co-expressed gene list in LUAD tumors Symbol R Locus Description FGG 0.919 4q28 fibrinogen gamma chain FGL1 0.635 8p22 fibrinogen-like 1 SLC7A2 0.536 8p22 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 2 DUSP4 0.521 8p12-p11 dual specificity phosphatase 4 HAL 0.51 12q22-q24.1histidine ammonia-lyase PDE4D 0.499 5q12 phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP-specific FURIN 0.497 15q26.1 furin (paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme) CPS1 0.49 2q35 carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1, mitochondrial TESC 0.478 12q24.22 tescalcin INHA 0.465 2q35 inhibin, alpha S100P 0.461 4p16 S100 calcium binding protein P VPS37A 0.447 8p22 vacuolar protein sorting 37 homolog A (S. cerevisiae) SLC16A14 0.447 2q36.3 solute carrier family 16, member 14 PPARGC1A 0.443 4p15.1 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha SIK1 0.435 21q22.3 salt-inducible kinase 1 IRS2 0.434 13q34 insulin receptor substrate 2 RND1 0.433 12q12 Rho family GTPase 1 HGD 0.433 3q13.33 homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase PTP4A1 0.432 6q12 protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 1 C8orf4 0.428 8p11.2 chromosome 8 open reading frame 4 DDC 0.427 7p12.2 dopa decarboxylase (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase) TACC2 0.427 10q26 transforming, acidic coiled-coil containing protein 2 MUC13 0.422 3q21.2 mucin 13, cell surface associated C5 0.412 9q33-q34 complement component 5 NR4A2 0.412 2q22-q23 nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 EYS 0.411 6q12 eyes shut homolog (Drosophila) GPX2 0.406 14q24.1 glutathione peroxidase -
Open Matthew R Moreau Ph.D. Dissertation Finalfinal.Pdf
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Pathobiology Program PATHOGENOMICS AND SOURCE DYNAMICS OF SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS A Dissertation in Pathobiology by Matthew Raymond Moreau 2015 Matthew R. Moreau Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2015 The Dissertation of Matthew R. Moreau was reviewed and approved* by the following: Subhashinie Kariyawasam Associate Professor, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Dissertation Adviser Co-Chair of Committee Bhushan M. Jayarao Professor, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Dissertation Adviser Co-Chair of Committee Mary J. Kennett Professor, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Vijay Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Nutritional Sciences Anthony Schmitt Associate Professor, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Head of the Pathobiology Graduate Program *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is one of the most frequent common causes of morbidity and mortality in humans due to consumption of contaminated eggs and egg products. The association between egg contamination and foodborne outbreaks of SE suggests egg derived SE might be more adept to cause human illness than SE from other sources. Therefore, there is a need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of egg- derived SE to colonize the chicken intestinal and reproductive tracts and cause disease in the human host. To this end, the present study was carried out in three objectives. The first objective was to sequence two egg-derived SE isolates belonging to the PFGE type JEGX01.0004 to identify the genes that might be involved in SE colonization and/or pathogenesis. -
Rhodomyrtone Accumulates in Bacterial Cell Wall and Cell
antibiotics Article Rhodomyrtone Accumulates in Bacterial Cell Wall and Cell Membrane and Inhibits the Synthesis of Multiple Cellular Macromolecules in Epidemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Ozioma F. Nwabor 1,2 , Sukanlaya Leejae 2 and Supayang P. Voravuthikunchai 2,* 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; [email protected] 2 Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: As the burden of antibacterial resistance worsens and treatment options become narrower, rhodomyrtone—a novel natural antibiotic agent with a new antibacterial mechanism—could replace existing antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, rhodomyrtone was detected within the cell by means of an easy an inexpensive method. The antibacterial effects of rhodomyrtone were investigated on epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Thin-layer chromatography demonstrated the entrapment and accumulation of Citation: Nwabor, O.F.; Leejae, S.; rhodomyrtone within the bacterial cell wall and cell membrane. The incorporation of radiolabelled Voravuthikunchai, S.P. Rhodomyrtone Accumulates in precursors revealed that rhodomyrtone inhibited the synthesis of macromolecules including DNA, Bacterial Cell Wall and Cell RNA, proteins, the cell wall, and lipids. Following the treatment with rhodomyrtone at MIC Membrane and Inhibits the Synthesis (0.5–1 µg/mL), the synthesis of all macromolecules was significantly inhibited (p ≤ 0.05) after 4 h. of Multiple Cellular Macromolecules Inhibition of macromolecule synthesis was demonstrated after 30 min at a higher concentration of in Epidemic Methicillin-Resistant rhodomyrtone (4× MIC), comparable to standard inhibitor compounds. -
The Microbiota-Produced N-Formyl Peptide Fmlf Promotes Obesity-Induced Glucose
Page 1 of 230 Diabetes Title: The microbiota-produced N-formyl peptide fMLF promotes obesity-induced glucose intolerance Joshua Wollam1, Matthew Riopel1, Yong-Jiang Xu1,2, Andrew M. F. Johnson1, Jachelle M. Ofrecio1, Wei Ying1, Dalila El Ouarrat1, Luisa S. Chan3, Andrew W. Han3, Nadir A. Mahmood3, Caitlin N. Ryan3, Yun Sok Lee1, Jeramie D. Watrous1,2, Mahendra D. Chordia4, Dongfeng Pan4, Mohit Jain1,2, Jerrold M. Olefsky1 * Affiliations: 1 Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. 2 Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. 3 Second Genome, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA. 4 Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. * Correspondence to: 858-534-2230, [email protected] Word Count: 4749 Figures: 6 Supplemental Figures: 11 Supplemental Tables: 5 1 Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online April 22, 2019 Diabetes Page 2 of 230 ABSTRACT The composition of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and associated metabolites changes dramatically with diet and the development of obesity. Although many correlations have been described, specific mechanistic links between these changes and glucose homeostasis remain to be defined. Here we show that blood and intestinal levels of the microbiota-produced N-formyl peptide, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF), are elevated in high fat diet (HFD)- induced obese mice. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the N-formyl peptide receptor Fpr1 leads to increased insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance, dependent upon glucagon- like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Obese Fpr1-knockout (Fpr1-KO) mice also display an altered microbiome, exemplifying the dynamic relationship between host metabolism and microbiota. -
Discovery of Novel Fabf Ligands Inspired by Platensimycin by Integrating Structure-Based Design with Diversity-Oriented Synthetic Accessibility
promoting access to White Rose research papers Universities of Leeds, Sheffield and York http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ This is an author produced version of a paper published in Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/77263/ Paper: Fisher, M, Basak, R, Kalverda, AP, Fishwick, CW, Bruce Turnbull, W and Nelson, A (2013) Discovery of novel FabF ligands inspired by platensimycin by integrating structure-based design with diversity-oriented synthetic accessibility. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ob41975d White Rose Research Online [email protected] Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry RSCPublishing ARTICLE Discovery of novel FabF ligands Cite this: DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x inspired by platensimycin by integrating structure-based design Received 00th January 2012, with diversity-oriented synthetic Accepted 00th January 2012 DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x accessibility www.rsc.org/ Martin Fisher,[a,b] Ramkrishna Basak,[a,b] Arnout P. Kalverda,[b] Colin W. G. Fishwick,[a,b] W. Bruce Turnbull[a,b] and Adam Nelson*[a,b] , An approach for designing bioactive small molecules has been developed in which de novo structure-based ligand design (SBLD) was focused on regions of chemical space accessible using a diversity-oriented synthetic approach. The approach was exploited in the design and synthesis of a focused library of platensimycin analogues in which the complex bridged ring system was replaced with a series of alternative ring systems. The affinity of the resulting compounds for the C163Q mutant of FabF was determined using a WaterLOGSY competition binding assay. Several compounds had significantly improved affinity for the protein relative to a reference ligand. -
Production of Malonic Acid Through the Fermentation of Glucose
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Senior Design Reports (CBE) Engineering 4-20-2018 Production of Malonic Acid through the Fermentation of Glucose Emily P. Peters University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Gabrielle J. Schlakman University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Elise N. Yang University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/cbe_sdr Part of the Biochemical and Biomolecular Engineering Commons Peters, Emily P.; Schlakman, Gabrielle J.; and Yang, Elise N., "Production of Malonic Acid through the Fermentation of Glucose" (2018). Senior Design Reports (CBE). 107. https://repository.upenn.edu/cbe_sdr/107 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/cbe_sdr/107 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Production of Malonic Acid through the Fermentation of Glucose Abstract The overall process to produce malonic acid has not drastically changed in the past 50 years. The current process is damaging to the environment and costly, requiring high market prices. Lygos, Inc., a lab in Berkeley, California, has published a patent describing a way to produce malonic acid through the biological fermentation of genetically modified easty cells. This proposed technology is appealing as it is both better for the environment and economically friendly. For the process discussed in this report, genetically modified Pichia Kudriavzevii yeast cells will be purchased from the Lygos lab along with the negotiation of exclusive licensing rights to the technology. The cells will be grown in fermentation vessels, while being constantly fed oxygen, glucose and fermentation media. The cells will excrete malonic acid in the 101 hour fermentation process. -
Modulation of the Camp Levels with a Conserved Actinobacteria Phosphodiesterase 2 Enzyme Reduces Antimicrobial Tolerance in Mycobacteria
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.26.267864; this version posted August 26, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Modulation of the cAMP levels with a conserved actinobacteria phosphodiesterase 2 enzyme reduces antimicrobial tolerance in mycobacteria 3 4 Michael Thomson1, Kanokkan Nunta1, Ashleigh Cheyne1, Yi liu1, Acely Garza-Garcia2 and 5 Gerald Larrouy-Maumus1† 6 7 1MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, 8 Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK 9 2The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom. 10 11 †Corresponding author: 12 13 Dr Gerald Larrouy-Maumus 14 MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty 15 of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK 16 Telephone: +44 (0) 2075 947463 17 E-mail: [email protected] 18 19 20 1 e ag P 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.26.267864; this version posted August 26, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 21 Abstract 22 Antimicrobial tolerance (AMT) is the gateway to the development of antimicrobial resistance 23 (AMR) and is therefore a major issue that needs to be addressed. 24 The second messenger cyclic-AMP (cAMP), which is conserved across all taxa, is involved 25 in propagating signals from environmental stimuli and converting these into a response. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2012/0058468 A1 Mickeown (43) Pub
US 20120058468A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2012/0058468 A1 MickeoWn (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 8, 2012 (54) ADAPTORS FOR NUCLECACID Related U.S. Application Data CONSTRUCTS IN TRANSMEMBRANE (60) Provisional application No. 61/148.737, filed on Jan. SEQUENCING 30, 2009. Publication Classification (75) Inventor: Brian Mckeown, Oxon (GB) (51) Int. Cl. CI2O I/68 (2006.01) (73) Assignee: OXFORD NANOPORE C7H 2L/00 (2006.01) TECHNOLGIES LIMITED, (52) U.S. Cl. ......................................... 435/6.1:536/23.1 Oxford (GB) (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 13/147,159 The invention relates to adaptors for sequencing nucleic acids. The adaptors may be used to generate single stranded constructs of nucleic acid for sequencing purposes. Such (22) PCT Fled: Jan. 29, 2010 constructs may contain both strands from a double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) (86) PCT NO.: PCT/GB1O/OO160 template. The invention also relates to the constructs gener ated using the adaptors, methods of making the adaptors and S371 (c)(1), constructs, as well as methods of sequencing double stranded (2), (4) Date: Nov. 15, 2011 nucleic acids. Patent Application Publication Mar. 8, 2012 Sheet 1 of 4 US 2012/0058468 A1 Figure 5' 3 Figure 2 Figare 3 Patent Application Publication Mar. 8, 2012 Sheet 2 of 4 US 2012/0058468 A1 Figure 4 End repair Acid adapters ligate adapters Patent Application Publication Mar. 8, 2012 Sheet 3 of 4 US 2012/0058468 A1 Figure 5 Wash away type ifype foducts irrirrosilise Type| capture WashRE products away unbcure Pace É: Wash away unbound rag terts Free told fasgirre?ts aid raiser to festible Figure 6 Beatre Patent Application Publication Mar.