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GLOSSARY of HAJJ-RELATED TERMS Abtah: a Place Formed After

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GLOSSARY of HAJJ-RELATED TERMS Abtah: a Place Formed After www.muqith.wordpress.com www.islamcalling.wordpress.com GLOSSARY OF HAJJ-RELATED TERMS Abtah: A place formed after flood, which is usually level and containing no pebbles or stones. The term is given to every place that becomes leveled by a water stream. It is also Al-Abtah, Al-Bat-haa’ and Al-Bat-h. Bat-haa’ refers to a place between Makkah and Mina, which is called as such due to its level wide valley. It is also called Al-Muhassib and Al-Mu‘arris Ihraam: Ihraam is derived from an Arabic root that means prevention. A man is in Ihraam when he is in the sacred month, or when he proceeds with Hajj or ‘Umrah. It is called as such because some acts which were lawful to him before become prohibited, such as hunting and sexual intercourse. Technically, scholars mentioned several definitions for Ihraam, all are close; we choose the following: the intention to start performing the rituals of Hajj or ‘Umrah. Ihsaar: Ihsaar is derived from an Arabic root that means inability. The term applies to everyone who is prevented from something, and hence, cannot achieve it. According to the Sharee‘ah, Ihsaar refers to every impediment, whether it is an enemy, a disease or the like, that prevents the pilgrim from completing his rituals. Istitaa‘ah: Istitaa‘ah means the ability to do something. In Sharee‘ah, it refers to the ability of the person who is competent for religious assignment to do his duties without need of any one else. Books of Fiqh listed various forms of Istitaa‘ah; the form that makes Hajj an obligation means possessing necessary provisions and means of travel as detailed in the relevant books of Fiqh. www.yassarnalquran.wordpress.com www.muqith.wordpress.com www.islamcalling.wordpress.com Istilaam: Istilaam in Arabic means to touch with the hand or the mouth. In the Sharee‘ah, Istilaam of the Black Stone means kissing it or touching it with the hand. Jaabir, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, related that the Prophet touched the [Yamaani] Corner during his pilgrimage. If the pilgrim who makes Tawaaf around the Ka‘bah cannot touch or kiss the Black Stone, he should stand facing it, point to it and say Takbeer. In a Hadeeth, Ibn ‘Abbaas, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, said: "The Prophet made Tawaaf around the House on a camel. Whenever he passed by the Corner, he pointed to it with something he had, then he said Takbeer." The Prophet said to ‘Umar, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, "O ‘Umar! You are a strong man, so do not push to reach the Stone and hence, hurt those who are weak. If you find a space, kiss it and touch it; otherwise, face it and make Tahleel and Takbeer."If a pilgrim can face the Stone with something, like a stick in his hand, he should do so because the Prophet did so. Ibn ‘Abbaas, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, said, "The Prophet made Tawaaf during the Farewell Hajj on a camel and pointed to the Corner with a crook." Ishtiraat: Ishtiraat is derived from an Arabic root that suggests stipulation and abiding by it. In the context of Ihraam, it occurs when a Muslim assuming the state of Ihraam says, "O Allaah! I intend to perform Hajj or ‘Umrah, but my dissolution will be if something prevents me." This thing may be a disease or an enemy, or anything else that prevents a Muslim in the state of Ihraam from completing the rituals. It is not permissible for him to end his state of Ihraam directly if he has not made Ishtiraat. Allaah The Almighty Says (what means): {And complete theHajj and ‘Umrah for Allaah.} [Quran 2:196] Ishtiraat is mentioned in the Sunnah. ‘Aa’ishah, May Allaah Be Pleased with her, said: "The Prophet entered upon ‘Dhubaa‘ah bint Az-Zubayr and asked her if she intended to perform Hajj. When she told him that she was sick, the Prophet said: "Enter into the www.yassarnalquran.wordpress.com www.muqith.wordpress.com www.islamcalling.wordpress.com state of Ihraam and make Ishtiraat. Say: I would be free from it wherever You (O Allaah) Would Detain me." In another narration, the Prophet added:"This exception frees you from liability before Allaah The Almighty." Ish‘aar: Ish‘aar linguistically means announcement. It may also apply to stabbing an animal in the right side to shed its blood, so that it will be recognized as Hady. Hady is an animal (camels or cows,…) which is slaughtered and offered in the Sacred Precincts. The majority of scholars stated that Ish‘aar Al-Hady means stabbing the side of the camel's hump while it faces the Qiblah, thus making it bleed and marking it with its blood to announce it as a sacrificial animal. This includes camels and cows. Ash-hur Al-Hajj (Months of Hajj): Months of Hajj refer to the three consecutive months that Allaah The Almighty Assigned to be the time for performing Hajj. They are the months of Shawwaal, Thul-Qa‘dah and the whole month of Thul-Hijjah according to the Maaliki scholars, or the first ten days of it according to the majority of scholars. Allaah The Almighty Says (what means): {Hajj is [during] well-known months.} [Quran 2:197] The two opinions are supported with proofs, which are not to be discussed here, but the benefit of this divergence appears in offering the sacrificial animal when Tawaaf Al-Ifaadhah is delayed after the months of Hajj. Ash-hur Hurum (Sacred Months): The sacred months are four: Thul-Qa‘dah, Thul-Hijjah, Al-Muharram and Rajab. Allaah The Almighty Says (what means): {Indeed, the number of months with Allaah is twelve [lunar] months in the register of Allaah [from] the day He Created the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred.} [Quran 9:36] The Prophet said: "The division of time has turned to its original form as it was when Allaah Created the Heavens and the Earth. The year is of twelve months, out of which four months are sacred; three are in succession: Thul-Qa‘dah, Thul- www.yassarnalquran.wordpress.com www.muqith.wordpress.com www.islamcalling.wordpress.com Hijjah and Al-Muharram, and (the fourth is) Rajab of (the tribe of) Mudhar which comes between Jumaada and Sha‘baan." Idhtibaa': This term is derived from an Arabic root that means the upper arm. Idhtibaa‘ means wrapping the garment under the right armpit and rolling the two edges over the left arm, so that the right shoulder is exposed and the left is covered. It is so-called because one of the upper arms is exposed – something which was done if someone wanted to prepare to work, which is what the pilgrim does when wearing his Ihraam garments. Ifaadhah: Ifaadhah is derived from an Arabic root that signifies spreading or overflowing. In Sharee‘ah terminology, Ifaadhah means departure of the pilgrims from ‘Arafaat to Mina after completing their rituals in ‘Arafaat. Each group of departing pilgrims is called an Ifaadhah. Allaah The Almighty Says (what means): {But when you depart from ‘Arafaat, remember Allaah at Al- Mash‘ar Al- Haraam.} [Quran 2:198] Aafaaqi: The word literally refers to the horizons of the earth and the heavens. Muslim jurists use the term to refer to a person existing outside the sites of Ihraam even if he is a resident of Makkah. The opposite of Aafaaqi is Hilli or Bustaani, which means the person who is within the limits of Ihraam sites, but outside the Sacred Precincts. The Harami is the one who is within the limits of the Sacred Precincts of Makkah. Sometimes the word Aafaaqi is given to anyone outside the limits of the Sacred Precincts of Makkah. Ifraad: Ifraad means odd or single. It also refers to performance of Hajj or ‘Umrah separately. As a Sharee‘ah terminology, it means declaring the intention to perform Hajj alone during its prescribed months. www.yassarnalquran.wordpress.com www.muqith.wordpress.com www.islamcalling.wordpress.com Ihlaal: In Arabic, Ihlaal means raising one's voice upon seeing the new moon, and it is used to describe any person who raises or lowers his voice. In the context of Hajj, it refers to the pilgrim who enters the state of Ihraam and raises his voice with Talbiyah. It also applies to the person who raises his voice with Talbiyah in ‘Umrah. Muhall refers to the time and place in which pilgrims enter the state of Ihraam. Technically speaking, Ihlaal is making Talbiyah for Hajj or ‘Umrah upon entering the state of Ihaam. In this sense, it has the same meaning of Ihraam because the pilgrim raises his voice with Talbiyah. ‘Aa’ishah, May Allaah Be Pleased with her, said: "We accompanied the Prophet in the Farewell Hajj; some of us made Ihlaal with ‘Umrah and others made Ihlaal with Hajj." In the same Hadeeth, the Prophet said: "Whoever made Ihlaal with Hajj should complete it." Ayyaam At-Tashreeq (The days of Tashreeq): The word Tashreeq is derived from an Arabic root that means “east” or the rise of the sun from the east. It refers to three meanings: - Moving toward the direction of the east. - ‘Eed Prayer because it is performed at the time of sunrise. ‘Ali, May Allaah Be Pleased with him, said: "There is no Friday Prayer or Tashreeq (‘Eed Prayer) except in a big city." [Ibn Hajar: narrated by Abu ‘Ubayd with a Saheeh chain of transmission] - The three days following the day of An-Nahr (the first day of ‘Eed Al-Adh- ha).
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