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The Historical Process of the Two Constitutions in Ireland

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The Historical Process of the Two Constitutions in Ireland ௐ 3 ഇ! ࢱ 57-81! 2019 ѐ/ࡌ؞ཱི !ס έ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώ! ௐ 15 Taiwan International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 57-81 Autumn 2019 愛爾蘭兩部憲法的歷史進程 ࡰ஽ܲ ૩̋ࡊԫ̂ጯઘିચܜ ၡ ࢋ Ą1922 ѐߏдຑႬᜋڱຑႬᜋд 1922 ѐͽ̈́ 1937 ѐЧѣ˘ొጳ ĻĄڱؠ˞˘ొ·႕ࡻ઼О੃۞ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳטҋϤ֣۞֗Њ˭Ă ࡻ۞̚ڱѐ۞ 15 ѐมĂຑႬᜋు႙ᕚ௲ҋϤ֣ጳ 1937 זଂ 1922 ѐ ९Ļڱѐ۞ĺຑႬᜋВ׶઼ 1948 זۡ˘Ąڱؠ˞າ۞ጳט৵Ă઼̮ ܜјڱࡻ઼үࠎຑႬᜋ΃நˠ۞ܑᇈĄ఺ቔኢ͛ଂ఺׌ొጳ˞̖ͤ̚ ؠטڱజതϔ઼छдጳژ።Ϋซ඀Ăͽ̈́׎ٙ΃ܑ۞পঅӣཌྷĂ̶۞ ԼតĄڱγ˧̒ᕘĂͽ̈́િૻ઼୉ᄮТٙ૲ֽ۞ጳ۞צ࿅඀̚ᅮٚ ९ڱᙯᔣෟĈຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ăࡻຑ୧ࡗăຑႬᜋВ׶઼ ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 58 壹、前言 ன̫೼࿆ᄮۢ۞ຑႬᜋफ˯̶јຑႬᜋВ׶઼ĞࡗҫБफࢬ᎕۞̶̱ ࡻ઼۞ΔຑႬᜋĞࡗҫБफ۞̶̱̝ٺΔొᔴᛳڌğͽ̈́дຑႬᜋफ̣̝ ຑႬᜋफ˯۞ᄮۢݒ̙ߏ఺ᇹĄдགྷ።˞ 700ٺğĄ൒҃Ă100 ѐ݈၆˘ Ă1916 ѐ۞ೇ߿༼੓ཌྷߏҋຑႬᜋ 1798ޢͽ̙̈́ᕝ۞ͅԩڼкѐ۞ࡻ઼௚ Ķࡻ઼۞П፟ಶߏຑႬᜋ۞ᖼ፟ķĂ༊ܫ྅ྻજĄિڠ౵ࢦࢋ۞ޢѐ੓ཌྷ ޢࡻ઼ણᄃௐ˘Ѩ͵ࠧ̂ጼॡӈ೩ֻ˞ຑႬᜋ੓ཌྷ۞፟ົĄ൒҃Ă̱͇̝ ຑႬـ֏Ăజᄮࠎߏ఼ކ༼ᗉᑅĂ࢕ְ˯ԆБεୀĂҭ˵൴ܑ˞ೇ߿זዎ ޙຑႬᜋٙᓝҖ۞ᏴᓝĂ༊͹ૺ۞ޢᜋВ׶઼۞ࢦࢋ֧඀༫Ąೇ߿༼੓ཌྷ ᛨĞSinn Féinğᛏ଀߆ᝋĂ֭ͷኚϠ˞ 1922 ѐĺຑ܆ϲຑႬᜋВ׶઼۞າ ᛨд 1932 ѐεΝ߆ᝋĂజ܆າޢĻĄд።གྷ 10 ѐ۞ે߆ڱႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ٺᙯ̚ڱ΃Ăд࣒ጳ۞࿅඀̚ຑႬᜋВ׶ᛨుՎᆿੵጳפຑႬᜋВ׶ᛨٙ Ąڱؠາ۞ጳטѐ 1937 ٺ෪ᇈĂ֭۞ވࡻ઼ͳ ።Ϋซ඀ĄϤ۞ڱຑႬᜋ 1922 ѐͽ̈́ 1937 ѐ׌ొጳٺ఺ቔኢ͛඾ࢦ ăטጳ߆វ̝ڱԛј̝ॡ۩ࡦഀЧளĂЧ઼ጳڱЧ઼ۤົ୧І̙ТĂጳٺ ЈăۤົయЇඈఢቑӮЧѣ׎পঅ҂ณĂܫି؟ᝋ˧ඕၹăˠϔᝋӀٕߏ ୧͛ࠎ͹คҬͼྵᙱࠎέ៉࠹ᙯᛉᗟ೩΍ኢࢗĄࠖѩĂඊ۰ڱ࣐ͽଣ੅ጳ ୧ٕ͛ߏጳ߆௡ᖐઇ࿅кྚ۞ڱдѩቔኢ̙֭͛̚ົ੫၆ຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ ԛј۞።Ϋࡦഀͽ̈́পঅӣཌྷĂ֭ྏဦڱд఺׌ొጳٸᛖĂώኢ͛൏ᕇ૟ ጳ࿅඀ֽͅߍజതϔ઼छ۞ೌݖ൑؉ͽ̈́િૻ઼୉ᄮТٙ૲טᖣϤຑႬᜋ ԼតĄ۞ֽ 貳、律法演變中的英愛關係 ଂҘ̮ 1171 ѐᘲ੺ିົᆿੵ˞ຑႬᜋ੼ͳᝋĞHigh Kingship of Ăࡻॾᜋ۞઼ͳд၁ኳ˯ಶߏຑႬޢIrelandğĂྋ೸˞ຑႬᜋ۞Οҁͳ઼ ຑႬᜋĄ1541 ѐຑႬᜋᛉڼᜋ۞͹ᝋ෪ᇈĂ֭ͽᅳ͹Ğlordshipğ۞̶֗௚ ९ĻĞCrown of Ireland Act 1542ğĂଂѩຑႬᜋڱވ఼࿅˞ĺຑႬᜋͳົ ።Ϋซ඀ 59۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ ඕЪд˘੓ĞWikipedia 2019ağĄ၆ܮᅳ͹гҜᄃࡻ઼઼ͳ఺׌࣎ᐝᅟ۞ ९ĻඈТڱވȈˣ͵ࡔٙᎸ੓۞ຑႬᜋϔ୉͹ཌྷ۰҃֏ĂѩĺຑႬᜋͳٺ ڠĂຑႬᜋˠ۞ͅԩ֭Ϗ௣ͤĄ1798 ѐ۞˭̝ڼĄдࡻॾᜋ۞௚ڱӌ׀ٺ ९ĻĞAct of Union 1801ğĄڱĂมତ๊ܳ˞ 1801 ѐ۞ĺᓑ༖ޢ྅Җજεୀ ࡻٺ९Ļ۞ϫ۞ߏдᆿੵຑႬᜋᛉົĂ֭ϤຑႬᜋ۞ 134 Щјࣶڱĺᓑ༖ ෴ைͽ̈́ᙑᄃܛன۞ع९Ļдࡻ઼߆ڱᛉੰ̚΃ܑຑႬᜋĄѩĺᓑ༖˭઼ ၷ᜖˭ĂдຑႬᜋᛉົ̚ͽ 158 ை၆ 115 ை఼࿅ĞWikipedia, 2019b; Encyclopedia Britannica, 2009ğĄ ˝ᓏ঎̪̙അઃͤĄଂȈ۞ڼĂຑႬᜋࢋՐҋޢˢࡻ઼׀дຑႬᜋజ ९ĻĞHome Rule BillsğĂѩҋڱڼࡔϐฟؕĂຑႬᜋଯ΍࿅αѨ۞ĺҋ͵ ϲຑႬᜋБ઼ᛉົĂ่঻ొ̶Αਕдࡻ઼઼ົćᆿੵ 1801ޙજϫ۞дྻڼ ϲ˘࣎ҋࡻ઼ԆБ፾ϲ۞ຑႬᜋޙğć˧ڠ९ĻĞυࢋॡֹϡڱѐĺᓑ༖ ڼछĂࡻຑ׌઼В఼ᕇ่ߏѣВТ۞Ӗ͹Ą1886 ѐॡௐ˘ొĺຑႬᜋҋ઼ ९Ļдࡻ઼˭ᛉੰజӎՙć1893 ѐॡࡻ઼˭ᛉੰ఼࿅۞ௐ˟ొĺຑႬᜋڱ ९Ļд 1914 ఼࿅Ăڱڼ९ĻĂҭд˯ᛉੰజӎՙćௐˬొĺຑႬᜋҋڱڼҋ ڼݒЯࠎௐ˘Ѩ͵ࠧ̂ጼᇶॡͤ̚Ąତ඾ߏ 1916 ѐ۞ೇ߿༼੓ཌྷĂጱ࡭ҋ ;९ଂϏϠड़ĞLloyd 1998: 505-14ڱڼజଯᏵĂೱ֏̝Ăྍҋޘ९Гڱ Wikipedia, 2018cğĄ ѐ 1920 ٺ९ڱ९̚జ၁ኹĂྍڱڼࢋՐ౵௣дௐαొҋ۞ڼຑႬᜋҋ ९ĻĞGovernment of Ireland Act 1920ğĄனдԧࣇڱع࿴ҶࠎĺຑႬᜋ߆ ९Ļ̚ݒڱڼΔຑႬᜋᄃຑႬᜋВ׶઼д 1920 ѐ۞ĺຑႬᜋҋ۞ײ௫ၚჍ ፟ၹâइఢቑ˞ྍڼ९ఢؠ˞ຑႬᜋ۞׌इ̙ТҋڱĄྍײߏтѩჍ̙ ΔొజჍࠎΔຑႬᜋ۞гડĂΩ˘इ݋ఢቑྍफ۞׎ዶొ̶ĂჍࠎݑڌफ ѐĶ౫໭ķĞtroublesğ 1972 ז፟ၹ˘ۡྻүڼຑႬᜋĞтဦ 1ğĄΔຑႬᜋ۞ҋ ፟ၹଂϏઇࠎ˘࣎ѣड़۞ྻүĂ֭ڼĂઃͤྻүĄ҃ݑຑႬᜋ۞ҋޢᘕ൴ ΃ĞThe Irish Rising, 2010ğĄפѐజຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ٙ 1922 ٺ ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 60 फ़ֽ໚ĈWikipediaĞ2019dğĄྤ ဦ 1ċݑΔຑႬᜋ ९Ļ૟ຑႬᜋफထ̶ࠎݑຑႬᜋ׶ΔຑႬᜋ఺׌࣎ڱع༊ĺຑႬᜋ߆ ᙱநྋҫ˞̶̱̝̣ຑႬᜋफࢬ᎕۞г͞ޝ૞ѣЩෟॡĂ᝝۰౅࿅ဦ 1 ᑕ ౣజჍࠎĶݑຑႬᜋķĞѣᕇညາΔͽݑ۞έ៉జჍࠎĶݑέ៉ķ˘ᇹğĄ ຏ۞Ĉࡻ઼̙ਕୂ૱ܧຑႬᜋٙ΃ܑ۞ӣཌྷߏٺ၆ع९ͅߍ΍ࡻ઼߆ڱѩ ९ٙჍ۞ҋڱĄѩ̝ײΞͽϡຑႬᜋБЩჍعຑႬᜋफ˯ѣ˘࣎߆צତ វع׶ఱ။ඈĂ̪ᛳࡻ઼ᝋ˧Ą߆ٽĂдঘ઼̈́֨׶γϹְચĂ઼ᅫ෶ڼ ր۞౵੼ᝋ˧፟ၹߏຑႬᜋᓁ༛ĞLord Lieutenant of IrelandğĂߏຑႬᜋ׌ ந۞ڱгડ۞Ӗ͹΃ܑĄ఺჌ඕၹ௑Ъΐो̂׶፫̂Ӏֲതϔгጳڼ࣎ҋ ᓁ༛Ăͷ၆ᛉົ՟ѣநኢ˯۞యЇĄٺኢĂϺӈᝋ˧ᛳ ѐ 11 ͡ 11 ͟ᒔ଀ࡻ 1920 ٺ९ڱĂᄮࠎ఺࣎ژ९୧̶͛ڱߏಶ่ڍт ९ߏຑႬᜋˠ۞੠ՐϫᇾĂົயϠڱڼкᇴԲࣞĂಶᄮࠎ఺࣎ҋ̂ົ઼઼ ͡ Ăࡻ઼д 5ޢѐ 4 ͡۞ೇ߿༼੓ཌྷĂд࢕ְ߿જεୀ̝ 1916 זᄱྋĄа ᑂຑႬᜋ۞ݔใĂҭݒֹ଀ຑޱ఍ՙ˞ధк۞ݔใЊ̄Ąࡻ઼ຐᖣѩᓝֽ ።Ϋซ඀ 61۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ ᛨ܆Ⴌᜋϔி၆ࡻ઼෸ֽ෸ᇲෛĄ1918 ѐ 12 ͡۞ຑႬᜋᛉົᏴᓝĂາ ĞSinnFéinğᛏ଀˞˭ᛉੰ 105 ࣎ຑႬᜋयҜ̚۞ 73 ࣎यҜĄ఺̙࣎അд ϲຑႬᜋВ׶઼ޙЯ͹ૺޢ࿅ΝᏴᓝ̚ѣ͹ጱгҜ۞߆ᛨĂдೇ߿༼੓ཌྷ ڒ೻ୂ೻প۞ࡻ઼ᛉົĂ҃ߏᏴፄдౌߦރᛨ١඗ٚᄮ܆ᛏ଀ᏴᓝĄາ҃ ᛨ۞ 27 Щ΃ܑĞѣೀҜЯ߇൑܆፟ၹĄ1919 ѐ 1 ͡າڱϲ˘࣎፾ϲ۞ϲޙ ຑႬᜋிᛉੰĄ۞ب˘јϲ˞ௐڒણΐĂ׎ዶ 30 кҜ̪జႾ༰ğдౌߦڱ ކοຑႬᜋ፾ϲĂԲࣞ˞ 1916 ѐೇ߿༼੓ཌྷ൴Ҷ۞ຑႬᜋВ׶઼ކ΁ࣇ ;Ğ่ዋϡҋ 1919 Ҍ 1922ğĞKeane, 2004-2006: 136ڱ֏Ă఼࿅˞ᓜॡጳ Wikipedia, 2019eğĂ൴ܑ˞ĺຑႬᜋ፾ϲކ֏ĻĞIrish Declaration of Independence, 1919ğăͽ̈́ĺග͵ࠧҋϤ઼छ۞ੈिĻĞMessage to the Free Nations of the World, 1919ğĞWikipedia, 2019f, 2019gğĈ 愛爾蘭民族按理是一個自由的民族。七百年來，愛爾蘭人民從未停 止拒絕、並一再抗議反對外國篡奪。而英國在這個國家的統治一直 是以武力和欺詐為基礎，並且藉由軍事佔領而違反人民明白的意 願……因此，現在，我們這些在國民議會中代表古老愛爾蘭民族的 民選代表，以愛爾蘭國家的名義，批准建立愛爾蘭共和國……我們 鄭重宣布在愛爾蘭的外國政府是侵犯我們的國家權利，我們永遠不 會容忍，並要求英國駐軍撤離我國……。 ……愛爾蘭的種族，語言，習俗和傳統與英語截然不同。愛爾蘭是 歐洲最古老的國家之一，雖然歷經七個世紀的外國壓迫，她保持了 她的民族完整性……她從未放棄自己的民族權利，並且在英國篡奪 的漫長時期，每一代的愛爾蘭人都頑強地宣稱她們不可剝奪的國家 權利，直到 1916 年她最後一次光榮的訴諸武力……今天的愛爾蘭在 新世界擺脫戰爭之際，更加自信地重申了她的歷史性國家地位，因 為她相信自由和正義是國際法的基本原則，因為她相信各國族之間 的平等合作，以平等權利反對古代暴政的既得特權，因為歐洲的永 久和平不能通過永久的軍事統治來保障帝國的利益，而只能透過自 由人民的自由意志。現有愛爾蘭和英國戰爭狀態永遠不會結束，除 非英國武裝部隊自愛爾蘭撤離。 ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 62 ϚຑႬܬࡻ઼ 700 кѐֽ۞ᑅ࢝Ăᄮؠࡻ઼ߏځͽ˯׌࣎͛Іੵ˞ᛚ ຑႬᜋિ޺үࠎ˘࣎፾ϲ۞઼छĄଂ 1919 ѐຑႬځγĂܑ֭عᜋ۞γ઼߆ ᜋિ޺፾ϲ઼छ۞ϲಞֽ࠻ĂѨѐĞ1920 ѐğ12 ͡ࡻ઼఼࿅۞ĺຑႬᜋҋ ܜ˞΃פ९Ļಶ௲ᗓ˞ຑႬᜋ۞ன၁Ąϔ୉͹ཌྷ۰၆ԆБ፾ϲ۞ࢋՐڱڼ ९Ļ૟ຑႬᜋ̶౷јΔຑႬڱعᅮՐĄт݈ࢗĺຑႬᜋ߆۞ڼഇͽֽ၆ҋ ᛉົĂЧѣ˘࣎ᓁ༛ĞLordטᜋ׶ݑຑႬᜋĄՏ࣎ຑႬᜋౌѣ׌࣎׌ੰ ͚޺ĂЯࠎΔຑଂϏವՐזצLieutenant of IrelandğĄ఺ี೩ᛉдΔຑႬᜋ ĂҭజݑຑႬᜋ۞ຑႬᜋВ׶ᛨˠăຑႬᜋϔ୉͹ཌྷ۰١඗Ă΁ࣇڼ࿅ҋ ҋؕӈعĞWikipedia, 2019hğĄࡻ઼߆ڱ١඗ࡻ઼ᛉົѣᝋӀࠎຑႬᜋϲ ١඗҂ᇋຑႬᜋВ׶઼۞јϲĂֹ࣐В׶઼ΞјϲĂੵ˞૟ጱ࡭ຑႬᜋ߆ ᙯܼγĂՀົឰࡻ઼ಉεд׎΁തϔг۞͹ጱгҜĄ۞ވᕝᄃࡻ઼ͳ̷ع ˞ĂдຑႬᜋొཌڱޠѐมĂࠎ˞ૻ˧ବᎿᄃેҖ 1921 זࡻ઼д 1919 ѐ Ă˧ڠຑႬᜋ΃ܑࣇຐࢋՀк۞ڍĄ၆ࡻ઼ֽᄲĂт˧ڠϒఢܧధкϒఢᄃ ᗉᑅĞLloyd, 1998: 516ğĄࡻ઼ᄃຑႬᜋ̝ม۞኏ࡎ޺˧ڠࡻ઼Ξͽ޺ᜈ ᛉĂ֭д 1921 ѐ 12 ͡ 6 ཱིᘪࢎ˞ĺࡻຑםѐ 7 ͡ᗕ͞ᘪཌઃጼ 1921 זᜈ ୧ࡗĻĄѨѐĞ1922ğ۞ 1 ͡ຑႬᜋᛉົ఼࿅ĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻĂТຍຑႬᜋ ΃В׶઼Ăࡻ઼઼ົᐌӈд 1922 ѐ۞ 3 ఼͡פֽטଳϡҋϤ֣۞Ӗ͹ϲጳ ९ĻĞIrish Free State ActğĂТѐ 10 ͡ຑႬᜋᛉົڱ࿅˞ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ ͡ ĻĞConstitution of the Irish Free StateğĂ12ڱ఼࿅˞ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ९ĻĞIrish Free State Constitutionڱڱࡻ઼઼ົ఼࿅˞ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ActğĞHudson, 1925: 150ğĄдឍቾᄃഘഔᆅ˭̝ᅫĂĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻдຑ Ⴌᜋிᛉੰͽ 64 ை͚޺Ă57 ைͅ၆Ă3 ைϏԸ఼҃࿅Ą˛ை̝मֹͅ၆୧ Ą઼ޓ၆ԩ̂ࡻֽ˧ڠࡗ۰޺ᜈͽ 參、愛爾蘭自由邦憲法的演進 Ҍ͌д 1914 ѐͽ݈ĂĶຑႬᜋķ఼૱జೡࢗј఺࣎फᑎĂ֭ͷຍஉ඾ ९ĻڱعຑႬᜋٕຑႬᜋВ׶઼Ą1920 ѐ۞ĺຑႬᜋ߆۞ڼഽ୕Ĉҋڼ߆ ᛨિ޺ຑႬᜋ̙ߏ˘࣎തϔгĂ҃ߏ˘࣎Οҁ۞܆౹ౄ˞׌࣎ຑႬᜋĂາ ።Ϋซ඀ 63۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ ٚᄮߏ˘࣎ҋϤ۞઼छĂ֭ͷጾѣҋϤͽ̈́ԆፋّĂع୉Ą΁ࢋజࡻ઼߆઼ ఺˵ߏຑႬᜋҋϤ઼֣Щֹٙϡ۞ຍཌྷĞDaly, 2007: 74ğĄ̙࿅Ăĺࡻຑ ୧ࡗĻ̏ԯຑႬᜋफ̶౷ࠎݑొ۞ 26 ੤ĞϺӈຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ğͽ̈́Δొ۞ ΃ĄٙᏜפଂѩజຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ٙײ੤ĞϺӈΔຑႬᜋğĂݑຑႬᜋ۞Ⴭ 6 ҋՙ۞ᝋӀĂҭ၆γ߆ඉ̪дࡻ઼Ⴞ༛̝ڼຑႬᜋҋϤ֣Щཌྷ˯ֳѣҋ۞ Ąĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻᔘఢቑ˞ࡻ઼઼ͳ૟јࠎຑႬᜋҋϤ֣۞઼छ̮ࢵĂ֭˭ ĞᄰෟߏͽВمᄰड़ކϤᓁ༛΃ܑćᛉົ۞јࣶ૟జࢋՐШຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ ᚶٚˠğĂᛉົޠڱੳ˭ă΁۞ᚶٚˠ׶͵̣ڼͳಕ઼ٺمТ۞̳ϔ֗Њ ឰຑႬᜋڱགྷࡻ઼ᓁ༛Բ̖ࣞਕϠड़Ąೱ֏̝Ă1922 ѐ۞ጳืޠڱ఼࿅۞ Ąĺࡻຑڼ྿ 700 ѐ۞ࡻ઼തϔ௚ܜ˞Ă่ߏԛё˯ඕՁڼ၁னѣࢨ۞ҋ ޓ୧ࡗĻଵੵ˞ຑႬᜋјࠎВ׶઼۞ΞਕĂιٙ೩ֻ۞ߏຑႬᜋүࠎ̂ࡻ ᓑ༖ܧᜋ ݑ܆ᅳгҜĂᄃΐो̂ă፫̂Ӏֲă৸Ҙᜋă৸ڼЊ۞ҋొ˘઼ Тඈ৺Ąд઼ᅫ˯ĂຑႬᜋᄃຑႬᜋҋϤ֣఺׌࣎ЩჍҬͼߏϹആֹϡĄ ᅫᓑ༖ॡĂߏϡ઼۞ޢ༊ຑႬᜋд 1923 ѐ 9 ͡జ̯ధΐˢௐ˘Ѩ͵ࠧ̂ጼ ຑႬᜋ۞ЩჍĂ̙҃ߏຑႬᜋҋϤ֣Ą̙࿅ࡻ઼˘ۡ̒ঘຑႬᜋЩჍ۞ֹ ϡຑֹܧϡຑႬᜋֹ҃ٺϡĄּтд઼ᅫ౻̍௡ᖐ̚Ăࡻ઼۞౻̍ొಶ၆ ႬᜋҋϤ֣೩΍ԩᛉĂࡻ઼˘ۡдဘྏ඾ቁܲຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ѩЩჍ۞ֹϡ ĞDaly, 2007: 74-75ğĄ ጳົᛉטĻௐ 83 ୧ఢؠĂຑႬᜋڱॲፂ 1922 ѐ۞ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ཱི Ą1922 ѐ 10 ͡ 25ڱ׶ࡻ઼઼ົυืд 1922 ѐ 12 ͡ 6 ఼ཱི̝݈࿅ώጳ Ăࡻ઼݋ߏдТѐ۞ 12 ͡ 5 ఼ཱི࿅ĺຑႬᜋҋڱຑႬᜋிᛉੰ఼࿅˞ྍጳ ĻĂڱ९ĻĄೱ֏̝ĂຑႬᜋҋϤ఼֣࿅˞˘ొĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳڱڱϤ֣ጳ ,९ĻĞHudsonڱڱࡻ઼઼ົĂϤࡻ઼઼ົ఼࿅ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳזГो ĞscheduleğĂௐ˘࣎ߏܑܢ९̚ѣ׌࣎ڱ150ğĄдࡻ઼఼࿅۞఺࣎ :1925 Б͛Ăௐ˟࣎݋ߏĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻĄೱ֏̝ĂдຑႬᜋ઼ົ఼࿅۞ڱ఺ొጳ ९Ļ۞ڱĻߏдࡻ઼઼ົ̚ລ੨ĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻͽĺڱĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ۞ ѐĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ 1922 ژЩཌྷ఼࿅ĞDelany, 1960: 17-18ğĄ˵Яѩд̶ Ļ̰͛ॡĂυืᄃĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻүాඕ͞ਕ˘᎚БᄻĄڱጳ ९̚ĂАѣᖎಏ۞݈֏ͽ̈́ˬ̈߱ໄࢗĂତ඾ྶѣڱдࡻ઼఼ٙ࿅ྍ ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 64 ९˘ฟؕڱ2ĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻĄࡻ઼۞ ܑܢĻͽ̈́ڱ1ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ܑܢ ၁߉ຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ٺ९ߏд 1921 ѐ 12 ͡ 6 ཱིдࣖ೶ᘪཌ۞ᙯڱѩځӈᛚ Ϡड़ᑕྍͽ۞ڱ९Ą݈֏۞ௐ˟߱ૻአ˞ѩొጳڱ׶၁߉ĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻ۞ ̶͛̚ࠎĈ̬௜ّ୧ഠĞௐ̰ڱጳ۞ 1 ܑܢĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻϠड़ࠎ݈೩Ąд ׶̳ϔט፟ᙯĞௐ 13-46 ୧ğć౹ڱ୧ğćૄώᝋӀĞௐ 5-10 ୧ğćϲ 1-4 ࣒ϒ९Ğௐ 50 ୧ğć̰ᅦĞௐ 51-59 ୧ğćᓁڱԸைĞௐ 47-48 ୧ğćጳ Ğௐ 64-72 ୧ğͽ̈́ੰڱ༛Ğௐ 60 ୧ğć઼छੑ߆ႾგĞௐ 61-63 ୧ğć ᇶҖఢؠĞௐ 73-83 ୧ğĄ ፧ݓ۞ࡻ઼Ғ૾т˭ĈຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ߏ௡ј̂ࡻڱඊ۰Еᓝ΍఺ొጳ ᅫۤົ۞πඈјࣶĞௐ 1 ୧ğć઼ົᛉࣶ۞ᄰෟт˭Ĉԧఄᚑ۞઼۞ם઼ ̣ڼͳಕ઼ٺمĂԧ֭૟ڱຑႬᜋҋϤ֣۞ጳٺྕمЈ׶ܫϯৌϒ۞ކ ९̏གྷ఼࿅ٕజෛࠎ఼̏ڱĂ΁۞ᚶٚˠͽ̈́ᚶЇ۰Ğௐ 17 ୧ğćЇң͵ ΃ܑϺΞֶވ΃ܑ೩΍Ăͽ઼ͳ۞Щཌྷܑϯ઼ͳТຍĂͳވ࿅ĂυืШͳ ΐҭ३Ğௐ 41 ୧ğćຑႬᜋҋܢ९ڱͳຍԠ̝ϒё఼ۢܲ঻Тຍᝋٕ၆઼ ΃ܑᑕჍࠎຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ᓁވͳĞௐ 51 ୧ğćͳ઼ٺᕩᛳރϤ֣۞Җ߆ᝋ ༛Ă׎Ї׻͞ёᑕᄃΐो̂ᓁ༛˘ᇹĞௐ 60 ୧ğĄ гڱጳ۞઼̚ޓĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻՀ୻຾۞ܑ྿ຑႬᜋд̂ࡻ۞ 2 ܑܢ҃ ᓑ༖Ğௐ 1 ୧ğćܧᅳ׶ݑڼᅳă፫̂Ӏֲᓑ֣ă৸ҘᜋҋڼҜтТΐो̂ҋ ᅳ۞гҜ࿩ТĞௐ 2 ୧ăௐ 3 ୧ğćຑႬᜋ઼ົᛉࣶ۞ᄰෟڼᄃΐो̂ҋ ᑕྍ࢑ፉعĻௐ 17 ୧Ğௐ 4 ୧ğćຑᜋҋϤ֣߆ڱтТĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ЇચĞௐ 7 ୧ăௐ 8 ୧ğĄдຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ᛉົ఼࿅Բࣞྍ֨םࡻ઼࢕ฤ ၆ΔຑႬᜋ̙׍Җֹᝋع͛३̝͟੓˘̰࣎͡ĂຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ᛉົ׶߆ ९ĻᄃΔຑႬᜋ࠹ᙯ̝୧̪͛൒׍ѣԆБ۞ڱعĂ1920 ѐ۞ĺຑႬᜋ߆˧ аΔຑႬᜋ۞Ᏼܔड़˧Ă֭ͷ̙଀ᓝҖᏴᓝĂឰຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ᛉົ۞јࣶ ΔຑႬᜋᛉົ׌ੰд˘఼̰࣎͡࿅ՙᛉ͚޺ᓝҖѩᙷᏴᓝĞௐ 11ܧડĂੵ ഇ̝݈ĂΔຑႬᜋᛉົ׌ੰШ઼ͳੳ˭೩Ϲϒזд˯ࢗ˘࣎͡ڍ୧ğĄт ΔຑႬᜋĂ҃זᝋ˧૟̙Гؼҩ۞عёኛᙸĂ֤ᆃຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ᛉົ׶߆ ९Ļ̚ᄃΔຑႬᜋѣᙯ۞ఢؠĂᑕᚶᜈ׍ѣԆڱعͷ 1920 ѐ۞ĺຑႬᜋ߆ Б۞ड़˧Ăώ͛३ᑕдυࢋॡ࣒ԼăϠड़Ğௐ 12 ୧ğĄ ።Ϋซ඀ 65۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ ΞਕĂ఺˘࣎۞׀ࡻ઼༊൒̙ົឰΔຑႬᜋᄃຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ѣЇңЪ ९ĻڱعĺຑႬᜋ߆זצഇࢨ˵Ϊߏणனࡻ઼෍઄۞ϔ͹Ą҃ΔຑႬᜋ۞͡ ௣ͤĄௐ 15ޢࢗ 1972 ѐĶ౫໭ķĞtroublesğ൴Ϡ݈זۡ˘ఢቑĂڼҋ۞ Ξͽع׶ݑຑႬᜋ߆عЇңॡ࣏ĂΔຑႬᜋ߆۞ޢؠ͟ഇם୧ఢؠĂдώ ΔຑႬᜋЇ׻ᝋ۞ٺ࠹ᙯఢؠĂΒ߁ᙯ۞זᓝҖົᛉĂ੅ኢ˘ֱ՟ѣజ೩ ׶̍ຽٽᇆᜩΔຑႬᜋ෶ٺΔຑႬᜋќˢ۞ܲᅪନ߉ćᙯٺᅪନ߉ćᙯܲ ΔຑႬٺΔຑႬᜋ͌ᇴϔ୉۞ܲᅪନ߉ćᙯٺซ΍˾ᙯඁ۞ܲᅪନ߉ćᙯ ᜋ༊гϔһ۞ᝋ˧፟ၹ̈́༊ᝋ۰۞щଵĂщଵΔຑႬᜋᄃຑႬᜋҋϤ֣̝ ᏉᙯܼĂͽ̈́ຑႬᜋҋϤ֣׶ΔຑႬᜋ֨኎˧ณ̝ม۞ᙯܼĄܛม۞ Ļߏͽ˛ை̝मдຑႬᜋᛉົ఼̚࿅ĄॲፂڱĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳٺϤ ༊ٺጳ֭д 1926 ѐјϲ۞ຑႬᜋВ׶ᛨĞFianna Fáilğט͹ጱ࣒ጳăޢ͟ ڱॡٙ߹఼۞็ಏĞϤ੃۰ Frank Gallagher ેඊğ̚۞ኢࢗĂ1922 ѐ۞ጳ ķ۞ۋĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻĂ҃ĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻߏຑႬᜋдĶϲӈͷΞُጼٺࢨצ ୧͛Ăధкڱጳົᛉٙਨᑢ۞ࣧؕጳטຑႬᜋܐ၆໰༊ڍؠĄтט˭਎ރ ਨ९̚՟ѣᄰڱ૲Νࡻ઼۞୧̙͛ಏಏజ࣒ԼĂ҃ͷᔘజࢦᆷĄּтдጳ ՟˯̝ੰڱෟć՟ѣ၆ࡻ઼઼ͳ۞ٚᄮć՟ѣࡻ઼ࠁዸ۞ᓁ༛ćдຑႬᜋ ̳۞઼ޓࡻ̂צć՟ѣٚᄮຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ᄃΔຑ۞̶ᗓć̙ତੰڱѣՀ੼ ϔ֗Њćᄃࡻ઼׎΁തϔг՟ѣВТπඈ۞યᗟĞЯࠎຑႬᜋ̙ߏതϔгĂ ćᛉົטᅮࢋࢫॾᄃࡻ઼തϔ۞ВТπඈğć၆ຑႬᜋ઼ᅫгҜ՟ѣࢨ̙ ,ĞCoffeyۋΡฟٕߏྋ೸̙ᅮࢋͽࡻ઼઼ͳ̝ЩćຑႬᜋ̙ᅮࢋଡˢࡻ઼ጼ 2012: 275-76; Farrell, 1970: 134-40ğĄ ຑႬٺĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻ۞ؠҜٙ޺ϲಞЧளĄ၆ٺࡻ઼ᄃຑႬᜋ̝ม၆ ᜋ҃֏ĂຑႬᜋд 1919 ѐ 1 ͡ 21 ͟јࠎ፾ϲ۞В׶઼Ă༊ॡдຑႬᜋֶ οႬᜋВކڒߦౌٺᏴᓝ҃யϠ۞ࡻ઼઼ົ΃ܑ١඗Νࡻ઼ಶᖚĂ֭ཏჸ ٚᄮ̖ѣٙعࡻ઼߆זצຑႬᜋ઼ົĄ1921 ѐॡب˘׶઼۞јϲĂ௡јௐ ຑႬᜋ઼ົͽ̈́ࡻ઼઼ົԲࣞĂ҃ௐب˟Ꮬ۞ĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻĂѩ୧ࡗజௐ ĻĂᔵ൒ࡻ઼઼ົԲࣞĺຑڱຑႬᜋ઼ົ݋ߏ఼࿅ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳبˬ ĻĂҭ֤ߏࡻ઼̰ొ۞ְଐĂᄃຑႬᜋ൑ᙯĄĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻڱႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ९۞ఢؠ൴Ϡड़˧Ą൒҃Ăࡻ઼۞៍ᕇ݋ڱдຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ЯຑႬᜋᏴᓝ ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 66 ڠεୀ۞ٺຑᜋ઼ົߏݔ઼۞ౚᏖĂ໚ҋ۞ب˘ߏၟ൒̙ТĄ΁ࣇᄮࠎௐ ͹۞˯ޠڱҖְ၁˯ᄃેڱຑႬᜋᅳ˿൑ٺะົ၆۞ڱ྅ݔใĄ఺჌࿁ થ۞ຑႬᜋ΃ܑĶޫμߏķםથĂ఺ֱםՙؠᄃݔ࢕عᝋĄ1921 ѐॡࡻ઼߆ ᄃ఺ֱ΃ܑٙᘪࢎ۞ع९ٙᏴ΍ֽ۞ຑႬᜋ઼ົᛉࣶĄࡻ઼߆ڱѐ 1920 ֶ ᛉܑ྿ࡻ઼ТຍຑႬᜋҋϤ֣םᛉĞagreementğ̙҃ߏ୧ࡗĄѩםߏ˘࣎ ϲຑႬᜋҋϤ֣࿅඀ޙĂֽેҖعᛉдຑႬᜋనϲ˞ᓜॡ߆םјϲĂѩ۞ ९ĻĂಶࡻ઼ڱҖ߆૷ચĄ༊ 1922 ѐࡻ઼઼ົ఼࿅˞ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣۞̚ ب˟९֭൑ٚᄮௐڱᛉĻϠड़Ąѩם९ֹܳĺࡻຑڱநኢ҃֏Ăѩڱޠ۞ ९ྋ೸˞ݑຑႬᜋ઼ົĂᓝҖᏴᓝᏴ΍າ઼ົĂତ඾ຑႬᜋ؎ࣶڱĂົ઼ ĻĂ֭གྷϤࡻ઼઼ົϠड़Ąࡻ઼઼ົ֭ܲ঻˞ᇆڱਨᑢĺຑᜋҋϤ֣ጳົ ຑႬᜋ઼ົ఼ٙ࿅۞ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳبˬᝋ˧Ąௐ۞ޠڱᜩႬᜋҋϤ֣ ९Ąೱ֏̝ĂຑᜋҋϤ֣ڱܧ९̚۞˘࣎Ķନ߉ķ҃ڱ९Ļ่ߏࡻ઼ڱڱ ९̚۞Ᏼᓝ่ڱĄٙѣдຑᜋҋϤ֣ڱޠ۞઼ޓࡻ̂ٺᖂ่ߏ໚ૄޠڱ۞ ᇹĂࡻ઼઼ົ౵˘ܧߏ˘࣎ϲጳ۞໤౯࿅඀ĂтТΐो̂ă፫̂Ӏֲăݑ Ϡड़۞ᝋ˧ĞDelany, 1957: 3-5; Keane, 2004-2006: 139ğĄޠڱ௣ኬ̟఺ֱ ன઼ޓĻߏ̂ࡻڱKennedy д 1923 ѐ۞͛ౢ̚஽៙ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ಔͧڱጯ၆͵ࠧ۞੒ᚥķĄ΁ԯ఺ొጳڼ΃።Ϋ̚౵ዂ໴۞˘ࢱĂߏĶ߆ ன၁͹ཌྷ۞៍މѣϔ͹۞ԛёĄ΁ͽڱᇹĂჍధ఺ొጳ˘ڱјтТ઼࡚ጳ ߍ˞ĺࡻͅڱĄ΁ᄮࠎ఺ొጳܚኚϠಅ۞ڱĞobjective realismğࠎ఺ొጳ ຑ୧ࡗĻĂ෹෸˞ΐो̂ᅳг۞гҜĂপҾߏ΁ᄮࠎ၆ࡻ઼઼ͳ۞ᄰෟߏ ΁֭ᄮࠎຑᜋҋޢĞallegianceğĄ౵مĞfidelityğĂ̙֭ߏᕩึٕड़ྕم Ăజෛࠎߏ˘࣎͹ᝋ෪ᇈĞKennedy, 1923: 317-19ğĄڱϤ֣ҋ̎ਨᑢѩጳ ͛Іķ۞˲ܧĻߏ˘࣎ĶڱKeaneĞ2004-2006: 139ğ˵ᄮࠎĺຑᜋҋϤ֣ጳ Ğremarkable documentğĂЯࠎ఺ߏௐ˘Ѩ݈ࡻ઼ҫѣгĞpossessionğΞ ׎΁ࡻ઼ᅳгٺϠड़Ă၆ڱĂᖣϤҋ̎۞ጳ߆ᛉົֹጳڱϲҋ̎۞ጳޙͽ யϠĄڱ֏Ăּтΐो̂ĂଂϏѣтѩጳ҃ ຑႬᜋˠϔĂ҃ߏγд˧ณٙٺ໚ҋܧ֭ڱт݈ࢗຑႬᜋҋϤ֣۞ጳ ᄃĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻ኏ࡎॡĂĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻ۞ड़ڱĄ༊ጳڱૻҖኬ̟۞˘ొጳ ຑႬᜋҋϤ֣۞хдߏЯࠎ 1922ٺĞMacNeill, 1923: 61ğĄϤڱጳٺ੼˧ ።Ϋซ඀ 67۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ ᝋĞдຑႬᜋҋϤ֣Тຍڱ९Ăࡻ઼ܲ঻၆ຑႬᜋ۞ϲڱѐࡻ઼఼ٙ࿅۞ ˭९ڱğĄߊ൒ຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ߏдࡻ઼۞ڱĂࡻ઼Ξͽࠎ׎ϲ˭̝ڶଐ۞ :ᖂĞCoffey, 2012ૄڱјϲ۞Ăࡻ઼࠹၆۞ΞͽၣዚຑႬᜋҋϤ֣хд۞ϲ ၁Җ۞ 15 ѐมĞ1922-37ğ࣒ڱГΐ˯ጳڍDelany, 1960: 18ğĄт ;280-81 ᙱநྋٕᙒТĺຑޝĂኢ۰ᑕྍڱ౵௣ 1937 ѐΩࢎؠາ۞ጳזԼ˞ 27 ѨĂ ͛ІķĄ۞˲ܧጯ၆͵ࠧ۞੒ᚥķٕߏĶڼĻߏĶ߆ڱႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ Ļௐ 50 ୧ఢؠĈĶଂ 1922ڱ఺ᆃкѨ۞࣒ጳߏֶĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ۞ޢķĄ8 ѐഇࢨ̝ڱ࣒Լጳֽڱ၁Җ੓ 8 ѐ̰ĂΞͽ౅࿅˘ਠ۞ϲڱѐጳ ඀ԔγĂυืГ೩Ϲˠϔ̳ϔԸைĄ1929 ѐຑᜋ઼ڱ࣒ጳĂੵ˞˘ਠ۞ϲ ඾ຑႬᜋקҌ 16 ѐĂѩຍܜ೩΍ௐ 16 ཱི࣒ϒ९Ă૟ࣧࢎ۞ 8 ѐഇࢨؼົ ڱѣυࢋĂ઼ົΞͽ˘ۡ౅࿅˘ਠϲڍ࣒ጳΞͽ̙υགྷ࿅̳ϔԸைĂт۞ ГؼΩγ˘࣎ 8 ѐĞAnonymous, 1945: 34ğĄ ੵ˞ຑႬᜋ̰ొ࣒ጳᐛᐛγĂγొ۞ត̼˵೩ֻຑႬᜋ፟ྻഈШВ׶
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