ௐ 3 ഇ! ࢱ 57-81! 2019 ѐ/ࡌ؞ཱི !ס έ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώ! ௐ 15 Taiwan International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 57-81 Autumn 2019

愛爾蘭兩部憲法的歷史進程

ࡰ஽ܲ ૩̋ࡊԫ̂ጯઘିચܜ

ၡ ࢋ

Ą1922 ѐߏдຑႬᜋڱຑႬᜋд 1922 ѐͽ̈́ 1937 ѐЧѣ˘ొጳ ĻĄڱؠ˞˘ొ·႕ࡻ઼О੃۞ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳטҋϤ֣۞֗Њ˭Ă ࡻ۞̚ڱѐ۞ 15 ѐมĂຑႬᜋు႙ᕚ௲ҋϤ֣ጳ 1937 זଂ 1922 ѐ ९Ļڱѐ۞ĺຑႬᜋВ׶઼ 1948 זۡ˘Ąڱؠ˞າ۞ጳט৵Ă઼̮ ܜјڱࡻ઼үࠎຑႬᜋ΃நˠ۞ܑᇈĄ఺ቔኢ͛ଂ఺׌ొጳ˞̖ͤ̚ ؠטڱజതϔ઼छдጳژ።Ϋซ඀Ăͽ̈́׎ٙ΃ܑ۞পঅӣཌྷĂ̶۞ ԼតĄڱγ˧̒ᕘĂͽ̈́િૻ઼୉ᄮТٙ૲ֽ۞ጳ۞צ࿅඀̚ᅮٚ

९ڱᙯᔣෟĈຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ăࡻຑ୧ࡗăຑႬᜋВ׶઼ ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 58

壹、前言

ன̫೼࿆ᄮۢ۞ຑႬᜋफ˯̶јຑႬᜋВ׶઼ĞࡗҫБफࢬ᎕۞̶̱ ࡻ઼۞ΔຑႬᜋĞࡗҫБफ۞̶̱̝ٺΔొᔴᛳڌğͽ̈́дຑႬᜋफ̣̝ ຑႬᜋफ˯۞ᄮۢݒ̙ߏ఺ᇹĄдགྷ።˞ 700ٺğĄ൒҃Ă100 ѐ݈၆˘ Ă1916 ѐ۞ೇ߿༼੓ཌྷߏҋຑႬᜋ 1798ޢͽ̙̈́ᕝ۞ͅԩڼкѐ۞ࡻ઼௚ Ķࡻ઼۞П፟ಶߏຑႬᜋ۞ᖼ፟ķĂ༊ܫ྅ྻજĄિڠ౵ࢦࢋ۞ޢѐ੓ཌྷ ޢࡻ઼ણᄃௐ˘Ѩ͵ࠧ̂ጼॡӈ೩ֻ˞ຑႬᜋ੓ཌྷ۞፟ົĄ൒҃Ă̱͇̝ ຑႬـ֏Ăజᄮࠎߏ఼ކ༼ᗉᑅĂ࢕ְ˯ԆБεୀĂҭ˵൴ܑ˞ೇ߿זዎ ޙຑႬᜋٙᓝҖ۞ᏴᓝĂ༊͹ૺ۞ޢᜋВ׶઼۞ࢦࢋ֧඀༫Ąೇ߿༼੓ཌྷ ᛨĞSinn Féinğᛏ଀߆ᝋĂ֭ͷኚϠ˞ 1922 ѐĺຑ܆ϲຑႬᜋВ׶઼۞າ ᛨд 1932 ѐεΝ߆ᝋĂజ܆າޢĻĄд።གྷ 10 ѐ۞ે߆ڱႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ٺᙯ̚ڱ΃Ăд࣒ጳ۞࿅඀̚ຑႬᜋВ׶ᛨుՎᆿੵጳפຑႬᜋВ׶ᛨٙ Ąڱؠາ۞ጳטѐ 1937 ٺ෪ᇈĂ֭۞ވࡻ઼ͳ ።Ϋซ඀ĄϤ۞ڱຑႬᜋ 1922 ѐͽ̈́ 1937 ѐ׌ొጳٺ఺ቔኢ͛඾ࢦ ăטጳ߆វ̝ڱԛј̝ॡ۩ࡦഀЧளĂЧ઼ጳڱЧ઼ۤົ୧І̙ТĂጳٺ ЈăۤົయЇඈఢቑӮЧѣ׎পঅ҂ณĂܫି؟ᝋ˧ඕၹăˠϔᝋӀٕߏ ୧͛ࠎ͹คҬͼྵᙱࠎέ៉࠹ᙯᛉᗟ೩΍ኢࢗĄࠖѩĂඊ۰ڱ࣐ͽଣ੅ጳ ୧ٕ͛ߏጳ߆௡ᖐઇ࿅кྚ۞ڱдѩቔኢ̙֭͛̚ົ੫၆ຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ ԛј۞።Ϋࡦഀͽ̈́পঅӣཌྷĂ֭ྏဦڱд఺׌ొጳٸᛖĂώኢ͛൏ᕇ૟ ጳ࿅඀ֽͅߍజതϔ઼छ۞ೌݖ൑؉ͽ̈́િૻ઼୉ᄮТٙ૲טᖣϤຑႬᜋ ԼតĄ۞ֽ

貳、律法演變中的英愛關係

ଂҘ̮ 1171 ѐᘲ੺ିົᆿੵ˞ຑႬᜋ੼ͳᝋĞHigh Kingship of Ăࡻॾᜋ۞઼ͳд၁ኳ˯ಶߏຑႬޢIrelandğĂྋ೸˞ຑႬᜋ۞Οҁͳ઼ ຑႬᜋĄ1541 ѐຑႬᜋᛉڼᜋ۞͹ᝋ෪ᇈĂ֭ͽᅳ͹Ğlordshipğ۞̶֗௚ ९ĻĞCrown of Ireland Act 1542ğĂଂѩຑႬᜋڱވ఼࿅˞ĺຑႬᜋͳົ ።Ϋซ඀ 59۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ

ඕЪд˘੓ĞWikipedia 2019ağĄ၆ܮᅳ͹гҜᄃࡻ઼઼ͳ఺׌࣎ᐝᅟ۞ ९ĻඈТڱވȈˣ͵ࡔٙᎸ੓۞ຑႬᜋϔ୉͹ཌྷ۰҃֏ĂѩĺຑႬᜋͳٺ ڠĂຑႬᜋˠ۞ͅԩ֭Ϗ௣ͤĄ1798 ѐ۞˭̝ڼĄдࡻॾᜋ۞௚ڱӌ׀ٺ ९ĻĞAct of Union 1801ğĄڱĂมତ๊ܳ˞ 1801 ѐ۞ĺᓑ༖ޢ྅Җજεୀ ࡻٺ९Ļ۞ϫ۞ߏдᆿੵຑႬᜋᛉົĂ֭ϤຑႬᜋ۞ 134 Щјࣶڱĺᓑ༖ ෴ைͽ̈́ᙑᄃܛன۞ع९Ļдࡻ઼߆ڱᛉੰ̚΃ܑຑႬᜋĄѩĺᓑ༖˭઼ ၷ᜖˭ĂдຑႬᜋᛉົ̚ͽ 158 ை၆ 115 ை఼࿅ĞWikipedia, 2019b; Encyclopedia Britannica, 2009ğĄ ˝ᓏ঎̪̙അઃͤĄଂȈ۞ڼĂຑႬᜋࢋՐҋޢˢࡻ઼׀дຑႬᜋజ ९ĻĞHome Rule BillsğĂѩҋڱڼࡔϐฟؕĂຑႬᜋଯ΍࿅αѨ۞ĺҋ͵ ϲຑႬᜋБ઼ᛉົĂ่঻ొ̶Αਕдࡻ઼઼ົćᆿੵ 1801ޙજϫ۞дྻڼ ϲ˘࣎ҋࡻ઼ԆБ፾ϲ۞ຑႬᜋޙğć˧ڠ९ĻĞυࢋॡֹϡڱѐĺᓑ༖ ڼछĂࡻຑ׌઼В఼ᕇ่ߏѣВТ۞Ӗ͹Ą1886 ѐॡௐ˘ొĺຑႬᜋҋ઼ ९Ļдࡻ઼˭ᛉੰజӎՙć1893 ѐॡࡻ઼˭ᛉੰ఼࿅۞ௐ˟ొĺຑႬᜋڱ ९Ļд 1914 ఼࿅Ăڱڼ९ĻĂҭд˯ᛉੰజӎՙćௐˬొĺຑႬᜋҋڱڼҋ ڼݒЯࠎௐ˘Ѩ͵ࠧ̂ጼᇶॡͤ̚Ąତ඾ߏ 1916 ѐ۞ೇ߿༼੓ཌྷĂጱ࡭ҋ ;९ଂϏϠड़ĞLloyd 1998: 505-14ڱڼజଯᏵĂೱ֏̝Ăྍҋޘ९Гڱ Wikipedia, 2018cğĄ ѐ 1920 ٺ९ڱ९̚జ၁ኹĂྍڱڼࢋՐ౵௣дௐαొҋ۞ڼຑႬᜋҋ ९ĻĞGovernment of Ireland Act 1920ğĄனдԧࣇڱع࿴ҶࠎĺຑႬᜋ߆ ९Ļ̚ݒڱڼΔຑႬᜋᄃຑႬᜋВ׶઼д 1920 ѐ۞ĺຑႬᜋҋ۞ײ௫ၚჍ ፟ၹâइఢቑ˞ྍڼ९ఢؠ˞ຑႬᜋ۞׌इ̙ТҋڱĄྍײߏтѩჍ̙ ΔొజჍࠎΔຑႬᜋ۞гડĂΩ˘इ݋ఢቑྍफ۞׎ዶొ̶ĂჍࠎݑڌफ ѐĶ౫໭ķĞtroublesğ 1972 ז፟ၹ˘ۡྻүڼຑႬᜋĞтဦ 1ğĄΔຑႬᜋ۞ҋ ፟ၹଂϏઇࠎ˘࣎ѣड़۞ྻүĂ֭ڼĂઃͤྻүĄ҃ݑຑႬᜋ۞ҋޢᘕ൴ ΃ĞThe Irish Rising, 2010ğĄפѐజຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ٙ 1922 ٺ

ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 60

फ़ֽ໚ĈWikipediaĞ2019dğĄྤ

ဦ 1ċݑΔຑႬᜋ

९Ļ૟ຑႬᜋफထ̶ࠎݑຑႬᜋ׶ΔຑႬᜋ఺׌࣎ڱع༊ĺຑႬᜋ߆ ᙱநྋҫ˞̶̱̝̣ຑႬᜋफࢬ᎕۞г͞ޝ૞ѣЩෟॡĂ᝝۰౅࿅ဦ 1 ᑕ ౣజჍࠎĶݑຑႬᜋķĞѣᕇညາΔͽݑ۞έ៉జჍࠎĶݑέ៉ķ˘ᇹğĄ ຏ۞Ĉࡻ઼̙ਕୂ૱ܧຑႬᜋٙ΃ܑ۞ӣཌྷߏٺ၆ع९ͅߍ΍ࡻ઼߆ڱѩ ९ٙჍ۞ҋڱĄѩ̝ײΞͽϡຑႬᜋБЩჍعຑႬᜋफ˯ѣ˘࣎߆צତ វع׶ఱ။ඈĂ̪ᛳࡻ઼ᝋ˧Ą߆ٽĂдঘ઼̈́֨׶γϹְચĂ઼ᅫ෶ڼ ր۞౵੼ᝋ˧፟ၹߏຑႬᜋᓁ༛ĞLord Lieutenant of IrelandğĂߏຑႬᜋ׌ ந۞ڱгડ۞Ӗ͹΃ܑĄ఺჌ඕၹ௑Ъΐो̂׶፫̂Ӏֲതϔгጳڼ࣎ҋ ᓁ༛Ăͷ၆ᛉົ՟ѣநኢ˯۞యЇĄٺኢĂϺӈᝋ˧ᛳ ѐ 11 ͡ 11 ͟ᒔ଀ࡻ 1920 ٺ९ڱĂᄮࠎ఺࣎ژ९୧̶͛ڱߏಶ่ڍт ९ߏຑႬᜋˠ۞੠ՐϫᇾĂົயϠڱڼкᇴԲࣞĂಶᄮࠎ఺࣎ҋ̂ົ઼઼ ͡ Ăࡻ઼д 5ޢѐ 4 ͡۞ೇ߿༼੓ཌྷĂд࢕ְ߿જεୀ̝ 1916 זᄱྋĄа ᑂຑႬᜋ۞ݔใĂҭݒֹ଀ຑޱ఍ՙ˞ధк۞ݔใЊ̄Ąࡻ઼ຐᖣѩᓝֽ ።Ϋซ඀ 61۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ

ᛨ܆Ⴌᜋϔி၆ࡻ઼෸ֽ෸ᇲෛĄ1918 ѐ 12 ͡۞ຑႬᜋᛉົᏴᓝĂາ ĞSinnFéinğᛏ଀˞˭ᛉੰ 105 ࣎ຑႬᜋयҜ̚۞ 73 ࣎यҜĄ఺̙࣎അд ϲຑႬᜋВ׶઼ޙЯ͹ૺޢ࿅ΝᏴᓝ̚ѣ͹ጱгҜ۞߆ᛨĂдೇ߿༼੓ཌྷ ڒ೻ୂ೻প۞ࡻ઼ᛉົĂ҃ߏᏴፄдౌߦރᛨ١඗ٚᄮ܆ᛏ଀ᏴᓝĄາ҃ ᛨ۞ 27 Щ΃ܑĞѣೀҜЯ߇൑܆፟ၹĄ1919 ѐ 1 ͡າڱϲ˘࣎፾ϲ۞ϲޙ ຑႬᜋிᛉੰĄ۞ب˘јϲ˞ௐڒણΐĂ׎ዶ 30 кҜ̪జႾ༰ğдౌߦڱ ކοຑႬᜋ፾ϲĂԲࣞ˞ 1916 ѐೇ߿༼੓ཌྷ൴Ҷ۞ຑႬᜋВ׶઼ކ΁ࣇ ;Ğ่ዋϡҋ 1919 Ҍ 1922ğĞKeane, 2004-2006: 136ڱ֏Ă఼࿅˞ᓜॡጳ Wikipedia, 2019eğĂ൴ܑ˞ĺຑႬᜋ፾ϲކ֏ĻĞIrish Declaration of Independence, 1919ğăͽ̈́ĺග͵ࠧҋϤ઼छ۞ੈिĻĞMessage to the Free Nations of the World, 1919ğĞWikipedia, 2019f, 2019gğĈ

愛爾蘭民族按理是一個自由的民族。七百年來，愛爾蘭人民從未停 止拒絕、並一再抗議反對外國篡奪。而英國在這個國家的統治一直 是以武力和欺詐為基礎，並且藉由軍事佔領而違反人民明白的意 願……因此，現在，我們這些在國民議會中代表古老愛爾蘭民族的 民選代表，以愛爾蘭國家的名義，批准建立愛爾蘭共和國……我們 鄭重宣布在愛爾蘭的外國政府是侵犯我們的國家權利，我們永遠不 會容忍，並要求英國駐軍撤離我國……。

……愛爾蘭的種族，語言，習俗和傳統與英語截然不同。愛爾蘭是 歐洲最古老的國家之一，雖然歷經七個世紀的外國壓迫，她保持了 她的民族完整性……她從未放棄自己的民族權利，並且在英國篡奪 的漫長時期，每一代的愛爾蘭人都頑強地宣稱她們不可剝奪的國家 權利，直到 1916 年她最後一次光榮的訴諸武力……今天的愛爾蘭在 新世界擺脫戰爭之際，更加自信地重申了她的歷史性國家地位，因 為她相信自由和正義是國際法的基本原則，因為她相信各國族之間 的平等合作，以平等權利反對古代暴政的既得特權，因為歐洲的永 久和平不能通過永久的軍事統治來保障帝國的利益，而只能透過自 由人民的自由意志。現有愛爾蘭和英國戰爭狀態永遠不會結束，除 非英國武裝部隊自愛爾蘭撤離。 ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 62

ϚຑႬܬࡻ઼ 700 кѐֽ۞ᑅ࢝Ăᄮؠࡻ઼ߏځͽ˯׌࣎͛Іੵ˞ᛚ ຑႬᜋિ޺үࠎ˘࣎፾ϲ۞઼छĄଂ 1919 ѐຑႬځγĂܑ֭عᜋ۞γ઼߆ ᜋિ޺፾ϲ઼छ۞ϲಞֽ࠻ĂѨѐĞ1920 ѐğ12 ͡ࡻ઼఼࿅۞ĺຑႬᜋҋ ܜ˞΃פ९Ļಶ௲ᗓ˞ຑႬᜋ۞ன၁Ąϔ୉͹ཌྷ۰၆ԆБ፾ϲ۞ࢋՐڱڼ ९Ļ૟ຑႬᜋ̶౷јΔຑႬڱعᅮՐĄт݈ࢗĺຑႬᜋ߆۞ڼഇͽֽ၆ҋ ᛉົĂЧѣ˘࣎ᓁ༛ĞLordטᜋ׶ݑຑႬᜋĄՏ࣎ຑႬᜋౌѣ׌࣎׌ੰ ͚޺ĂЯࠎΔຑଂϏವՐזצLieutenant of IrelandğĄ఺ี೩ᛉдΔຑႬᜋ ĂҭజݑຑႬᜋ۞ຑႬᜋВ׶ᛨˠăຑႬᜋϔ୉͹ཌྷ۰١඗Ă΁ࣇڼ࿅ҋ ҋؕӈعĞWikipedia, 2019hğĄࡻ઼߆ڱ١඗ࡻ઼ᛉົѣᝋӀࠎຑႬᜋϲ ١඗҂ᇋຑႬᜋВ׶઼۞јϲĂֹ࣐В׶઼ΞјϲĂੵ˞૟ጱ࡭ຑႬᜋ߆ ᙯܼγĂՀົឰࡻ઼ಉεд׎΁തϔг۞͹ጱгҜĄ۞ވᕝᄃࡻ઼ͳ̷ع ˞ĂдຑႬᜋొཌڱޠѐมĂࠎ˞ૻ˧ବᎿᄃેҖ 1921 זࡻ઼д 1919 ѐ Ă˧ڠຑႬᜋ΃ܑࣇຐࢋՀк۞ڍĄ၆ࡻ઼ֽᄲĂт˧ڠϒఢܧధкϒఢᄃ ᗉᑅĞLloyd, 1998: 516ğĄࡻ઼ᄃຑႬᜋ̝ม۞኏ࡎ޺˧ڠࡻ઼Ξͽ޺ᜈ ᛉĂ֭д 1921 ѐ 12 ͡ 6 ཱིᘪࢎ˞ĺࡻຑםѐ 7 ͡ᗕ͞ᘪཌઃጼ 1921 זᜈ ୧ࡗĻĄѨѐĞ1922ğ۞ 1 ͡ຑႬᜋᛉົ఼࿅ĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻĂТຍຑႬᜋ ΃В׶઼Ăࡻ઼઼ົᐌӈд 1922 ѐ۞ 3 ఼͡פֽטଳϡҋϤ֣۞Ӗ͹ϲጳ ९ĻĞIrish Free State ActğĂТѐ 10 ͡ຑႬᜋᛉົڱ࿅˞ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ ͡ ĻĞConstitution of the Irish Free StateğĂ12ڱ఼࿅˞ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ९ĻĞIrish Free State Constitutionڱڱࡻ઼઼ົ఼࿅˞ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ActğĞHudson, 1925: 150ğĄдឍቾᄃഘഔᆅ˭̝ᅫĂĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻдຑ Ⴌᜋிᛉੰͽ 64 ை͚޺Ă57 ைͅ၆Ă3 ைϏԸ఼҃࿅Ą˛ை̝मֹͅ၆୧ Ą઼ޓ၆ԩ̂ࡻֽ˧ڠࡗ۰޺ᜈͽ

參、愛爾蘭自由邦憲法的演進

Ҍ͌д 1914 ѐͽ݈ĂĶຑႬᜋķ఼૱జೡࢗј఺࣎फᑎĂ֭ͷຍஉ඾ ९ĻڱعຑႬᜋٕຑႬᜋВ׶઼Ą1920 ѐ۞ĺຑႬᜋ߆۞ڼഽ୕Ĉҋڼ߆ ᛨિ޺ຑႬᜋ̙ߏ˘࣎തϔгĂ҃ߏ˘࣎Οҁ۞܆౹ౄ˞׌࣎ຑႬᜋĂາ ።Ϋซ඀ 63۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ

ٚᄮߏ˘࣎ҋϤ۞઼छĂ֭ͷጾѣҋϤͽ̈́ԆፋّĂع୉Ą΁ࢋజࡻ઼߆઼ ఺˵ߏຑႬᜋҋϤ઼֣Щֹٙϡ۞ຍཌྷĞDaly, 2007: 74ğĄ̙࿅Ăĺࡻຑ ୧ࡗĻ̏ԯຑႬᜋफ̶౷ࠎݑొ۞ 26 ੤ĞϺӈຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ğͽ̈́Δొ۞ ΃ĄٙᏜפଂѩజຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ٙײ੤ĞϺӈΔຑႬᜋğĂݑຑႬᜋ۞Ⴭ 6 ҋՙ۞ᝋӀĂҭ၆γ߆ඉ̪дࡻ઼Ⴞ༛̝ڼຑႬᜋҋϤ֣Щཌྷ˯ֳѣҋ۞ Ąĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻᔘఢቑ˞ࡻ઼઼ͳ૟јࠎຑႬᜋҋϤ֣۞઼छ̮ࢵĂ֭˭ ĞᄰෟߏͽВمᄰड़ކϤᓁ༛΃ܑćᛉົ۞јࣶ૟జࢋՐШຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ ᚶٚˠğĂᛉົޠڱੳ˭ă΁۞ᚶٚˠ׶͵̣ڼͳಕ઼ٺمТ۞̳ϔ֗Њ ឰຑႬᜋڱགྷࡻ઼ᓁ༛Բ̖ࣞਕϠड़Ąೱ֏̝Ă1922 ѐ۞ጳืޠڱ఼࿅۞ Ąĺࡻຑڼ྿ 700 ѐ۞ࡻ઼തϔ௚ܜ˞Ă่ߏԛё˯ඕՁڼ၁னѣࢨ۞ҋ ޓ୧ࡗĻଵੵ˞ຑႬᜋјࠎВ׶઼۞ΞਕĂιٙ೩ֻ۞ߏຑႬᜋүࠎ̂ࡻ ᓑ༖ܧᜋ ݑ܆ᅳгҜĂᄃΐो̂ă፫̂Ӏֲă৸Ҙᜋă৸ڼЊ۞ҋొ˘઼ Тඈ৺Ąд઼ᅫ˯ĂຑႬᜋᄃຑႬᜋҋϤ֣఺׌࣎ЩჍҬͼߏϹആֹϡĄ ᅫᓑ༖ॡĂߏϡ઼۞ޢ༊ຑႬᜋд 1923 ѐ 9 ͡జ̯ధΐˢௐ˘Ѩ͵ࠧ̂ጼ ຑႬᜋ۞ЩჍĂ̙҃ߏຑႬᜋҋϤ֣Ą̙࿅ࡻ઼˘ۡ̒ঘຑႬᜋЩჍ۞ֹ ϡຑֹܧϡຑႬᜋֹ҃ٺϡĄּтд઼ᅫ౻̍௡ᖐ̚Ăࡻ઼۞౻̍ొಶ၆ ႬᜋҋϤ֣೩΍ԩᛉĂࡻ઼˘ۡдဘྏ඾ቁܲຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ѩЩჍ۞ֹϡ ĞDaly, 2007: 74-75ğĄ ጳົᛉטĻௐ 83 ୧ఢؠĂຑႬᜋڱॲፂ 1922 ѐ۞ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ཱི Ą1922 ѐ 10 ͡ 25ڱ׶ࡻ઼઼ົυืд 1922 ѐ 12 ͡ 6 ఼ཱི̝݈࿅ώጳ Ăࡻ઼݋ߏдТѐ۞ 12 ͡ 5 ఼ཱི࿅ĺຑႬᜋҋڱຑႬᜋிᛉੰ఼࿅˞ྍጳ ĻĂڱ९ĻĄೱ֏̝ĂຑႬᜋҋϤ఼֣࿅˞˘ొĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳڱڱϤ֣ጳ ,९ĻĞHudsonڱڱࡻ઼઼ົĂϤࡻ઼઼ົ఼࿅ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳזГो ĞscheduleğĂௐ˘࣎ߏܑܢ९̚ѣ׌࣎ڱ150ğĄдࡻ઼఼࿅۞఺࣎ :1925 Б͛Ăௐ˟࣎݋ߏĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻĄೱ֏̝ĂдຑႬᜋ઼ົ఼࿅۞ڱ఺ొጳ ९Ļ۞ڱĻߏдࡻ઼઼ົ̚ລ੨ĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻͽĺڱĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ۞ ѐĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ 1922 ژЩཌྷ఼࿅ĞDelany, 1960: 17-18ğĄ˵Яѩд̶ Ļ̰͛ॡĂυืᄃĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻүాඕ͞ਕ˘᎚БᄻĄڱጳ ९̚ĂАѣᖎಏ۞݈֏ͽ̈́ˬ̈߱ໄࢗĂତ඾ྶѣڱдࡻ઼఼ٙ࿅ྍ ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 64

९˘ฟؕڱ2ĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻĄࡻ઼۞ ܑܢĻͽ̈́ڱ1ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ܑܢ ၁߉ຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ٺ९ߏд 1921 ѐ 12 ͡ 6 ཱིдࣖ೶ᘪཌ۞ᙯڱѩځӈᛚ Ϡड़ᑕྍͽ۞ڱ९Ą݈֏۞ௐ˟߱ૻአ˞ѩొጳڱ׶၁߉ĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻ۞ ̶͛̚ࠎĈ̬௜ّ୧ഠĞௐ̰ڱጳ۞ 1 ܑܢĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻϠड़ࠎ݈೩Ąд ׶̳ϔט፟ᙯĞௐ 13-46 ୧ğć౹ڱ୧ğćૄώᝋӀĞௐ 5-10 ୧ğćϲ 1-4 ࣒ϒ९Ğௐ 50 ୧ğć̰ᅦĞௐ 51-59 ୧ğćᓁڱԸைĞௐ 47-48 ୧ğćጳ Ğௐ 64-72 ୧ğͽ̈́ੰڱ༛Ğௐ 60 ୧ğć઼छੑ߆ႾგĞௐ 61-63 ୧ğć ᇶҖఢؠĞௐ 73-83 ୧ğĄ ፧ݓ۞ࡻ઼Ғ૾т˭ĈຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ߏ௡ј̂ࡻڱඊ۰Еᓝ΍఺ొጳ ᅫۤົ۞πඈјࣶĞௐ 1 ୧ğć઼ົᛉࣶ۞ᄰෟт˭Ĉԧఄᚑ۞઼۞ם઼ ̣ڼͳಕ઼ٺمĂԧ֭૟ڱຑႬᜋҋϤ֣۞ጳٺྕمЈ׶ܫϯৌϒ۞ކ ९̏གྷ఼࿅ٕజෛࠎ఼̏ڱĂ΁۞ᚶٚˠͽ̈́ᚶЇ۰Ğௐ 17 ୧ğćЇң͵ ΃ܑϺΞֶވ΃ܑ೩΍Ăͽ઼ͳ۞Щཌྷܑϯ઼ͳТຍĂͳވ࿅ĂυืШͳ ΐҭ३Ğௐ 41 ୧ğćຑႬᜋҋܢ९ڱͳຍԠ̝ϒё఼ۢܲ঻Тຍᝋٕ၆઼ ΃ܑᑕჍࠎຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ᓁވͳĞௐ 51 ୧ğćͳ઼ٺᕩᛳރϤ֣۞Җ߆ᝋ ༛Ă׎Ї׻͞ёᑕᄃΐो̂ᓁ༛˘ᇹĞௐ 60 ୧ğĄ гڱጳ۞઼̚ޓĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻՀ୻຾۞ܑ྿ຑႬᜋд̂ࡻ۞ 2 ܑܢ҃ ᓑ༖Ğௐ 1 ୧ğćܧᅳ׶ݑڼᅳă፫̂Ӏֲᓑ֣ă৸ҘᜋҋڼҜтТΐो̂ҋ ᅳ۞гҜ࿩ТĞௐ 2 ୧ăௐ 3 ୧ğćຑႬᜋ઼ົᛉࣶ۞ᄰෟڼᄃΐो̂ҋ ᑕྍ࢑ፉعĻௐ 17 ୧Ğௐ 4 ୧ğćຑᜋҋϤ֣߆ڱтТĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ЇચĞௐ 7 ୧ăௐ 8 ୧ğĄдຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ᛉົ఼࿅Բࣞྍ֨םࡻ઼࢕ฤ ၆ΔຑႬᜋ̙׍Җֹᝋع͛३̝͟੓˘̰࣎͡ĂຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ᛉົ׶߆ ९ĻᄃΔຑႬᜋ࠹ᙯ̝୧̪͛൒׍ѣԆБ۞ڱعĂ1920 ѐ۞ĺຑႬᜋ߆˧ аΔຑႬᜋ۞Ᏼܔड़˧Ă֭ͷ̙଀ᓝҖᏴᓝĂឰຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ᛉົ۞јࣶ ΔຑႬᜋᛉົ׌ੰд˘఼̰࣎͡࿅ՙᛉ͚޺ᓝҖѩᙷᏴᓝĞௐ 11ܧડĂੵ ഇ̝݈ĂΔຑႬᜋᛉົ׌ੰШ઼ͳੳ˭೩Ϲϒזд˯ࢗ˘࣎͡ڍ୧ğĄт ΔຑႬᜋĂ҃זᝋ˧૟̙Гؼҩ۞عёኛᙸĂ֤ᆃຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ᛉົ׶߆ ९Ļ̚ᄃΔຑႬᜋѣᙯ۞ఢؠĂᑕᚶᜈ׍ѣԆڱعͷ 1920 ѐ۞ĺຑႬᜋ߆ Б۞ड़˧Ăώ͛३ᑕдυࢋॡ࣒ԼăϠड़Ğௐ 12 ୧ğĄ ።Ϋซ඀ 65۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ

ΞਕĂ఺˘࣎۞׀ࡻ઼༊൒̙ົឰΔຑႬᜋᄃຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ѣЇңЪ ९ĻڱعĺຑႬᜋ߆זצഇࢨ˵Ϊߏणனࡻ઼෍઄۞ϔ͹Ą҃ΔຑႬᜋ۞͡ ௣ͤĄௐ 15ޢࢗ 1972 ѐĶ౫໭ķĞtroublesğ൴Ϡ݈זۡ˘ఢቑĂڼҋ۞ Ξͽع׶ݑຑႬᜋ߆عЇңॡ࣏ĂΔຑႬᜋ߆۞ޢؠ͟ഇם୧ఢؠĂдώ ΔຑႬᜋЇ׻ᝋ۞ٺ࠹ᙯఢؠĂΒ߁ᙯ۞זᓝҖົᛉĂ੅ኢ˘ֱ՟ѣజ೩ ׶̍ຽٽᇆᜩΔຑႬᜋ෶ٺΔຑႬᜋќˢ۞ܲᅪନ߉ćᙯٺᅪନ߉ćᙯܲ ΔຑႬٺΔຑႬᜋ͌ᇴϔ୉۞ܲᅪନ߉ćᙯٺซ΍˾ᙯඁ۞ܲᅪନ߉ćᙯ ᜋ༊гϔһ۞ᝋ˧፟ၹ̈́༊ᝋ۰۞щଵĂщଵΔຑႬᜋᄃຑႬᜋҋϤ֣̝ ᏉᙯܼĂͽ̈́ຑႬᜋҋϤ֣׶ΔຑႬᜋ֨኎˧ณ̝ม۞ᙯܼĄܛม۞ Ļߏͽ˛ை̝मдຑႬᜋᛉົ఼̚࿅ĄॲፂڱĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳٺϤ ༊ٺጳ֭д 1926 ѐјϲ۞ຑႬᜋВ׶ᛨĞFianna Fáilğט͹ጱ࣒ጳăޢ͟ ڱॡٙ߹఼۞็ಏĞϤ੃۰ Frank Gallagher ેඊğ̚۞ኢࢗĂ1922 ѐ۞ጳ ķ۞ۋĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻĂ҃ĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻߏຑႬᜋдĶϲӈͷΞُጼٺࢨצ ୧͛Ăధкڱጳົᛉٙਨᑢ۞ࣧؕጳטຑႬᜋܐ၆໰༊ڍؠĄтט˭਎ރ ਨ९̚՟ѣᄰڱ૲Νࡻ઼۞୧̙͛ಏಏజ࣒ԼĂ҃ͷᔘజࢦᆷĄּтдጳ ՟˯̝ੰڱෟć՟ѣ၆ࡻ઼઼ͳ۞ٚᄮć՟ѣࡻ઼ࠁዸ۞ᓁ༛ćдຑႬᜋ ̳۞઼ޓࡻ̂צć՟ѣٚᄮຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ᄃΔຑ۞̶ᗓć̙ତੰڱѣՀ੼ ϔ֗Њćᄃࡻ઼׎΁തϔг՟ѣВТπඈ۞યᗟĞЯࠎຑႬᜋ̙ߏതϔгĂ ćᛉົטᅮࢋࢫॾᄃࡻ઼തϔ۞ВТπඈğć၆ຑႬᜋ઼ᅫгҜ՟ѣࢨ̙ ,ĞCoffeyۋΡฟٕߏྋ೸̙ᅮࢋͽࡻ઼઼ͳ̝ЩćຑႬᜋ̙ᅮࢋଡˢࡻ઼ጼ 2012: 275-76; Farrell, 1970: 134-40ğĄ ຑႬٺĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻ۞ؠҜٙ޺ϲಞЧளĄ၆ٺࡻ઼ᄃຑႬᜋ̝ม၆ ᜋ҃֏ĂຑႬᜋд 1919 ѐ 1 ͡ 21 ͟јࠎ፾ϲ۞В׶઼Ă༊ॡдຑႬᜋֶ οႬᜋВކڒߦౌٺᏴᓝ҃யϠ۞ࡻ઼઼ົ΃ܑ١඗Νࡻ઼ಶᖚĂ֭ཏჸ ٚᄮ̖ѣٙعࡻ઼߆זצຑႬᜋ઼ົĄ1921 ѐॡب˘׶઼۞јϲĂ௡јௐ ຑႬᜋ઼ົͽ̈́ࡻ઼઼ົԲࣞĂ҃ௐب˟Ꮬ۞ĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻĂѩ୧ࡗజௐ ĻĂᔵ൒ࡻ઼઼ົԲࣞĺຑڱຑႬᜋ઼ົ݋ߏ఼࿅ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳبˬ ĻĂҭ֤ߏࡻ઼̰ొ۞ְଐĂᄃຑႬᜋ൑ᙯĄĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻڱႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ९۞ఢؠ൴Ϡड़˧Ą൒҃Ăࡻ઼۞៍ᕇ݋ڱдຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ЯຑႬᜋᏴᓝ ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 66

ڠεୀ۞ٺຑᜋ઼ົߏݔ઼۞ౚᏖĂ໚ҋ۞ب˘ߏၟ൒̙ТĄ΁ࣇᄮࠎௐ ͹۞˯ޠڱҖְ၁˯ᄃેڱຑႬᜋᅳ˿൑ٺะົ၆۞ڱ྅ݔใĄ఺჌࿁ થ۞ຑႬᜋ΃ܑĶޫμߏķםથĂ఺ֱםՙؠᄃݔ࢕عᝋĄ1921 ѐॡࡻ઼߆ ᄃ఺ֱ΃ܑٙᘪࢎ۞ع९ٙᏴ΍ֽ۞ຑႬᜋ઼ົᛉࣶĄࡻ઼߆ڱѐ 1920 ֶ ᛉܑ྿ࡻ઼ТຍຑႬᜋҋϤ֣םᛉĞagreementğ̙҃ߏ୧ࡗĄѩםߏ˘࣎ ϲຑႬᜋҋϤ֣࿅඀ޙĂֽેҖعᛉдຑႬᜋనϲ˞ᓜॡ߆םјϲĂѩ۞ ९ĻĂಶࡻ઼ڱҖ߆૷ચĄ༊ 1922 ѐࡻ઼઼ົ఼࿅˞ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣۞̚ ب˟९֭൑ٚᄮௐڱᛉĻϠड़Ąѩם९ֹܳĺࡻຑڱநኢ҃֏Ăѩڱޠ۞ ९ྋ೸˞ݑຑႬᜋ઼ົĂᓝҖᏴᓝᏴ΍າ઼ົĂତ඾ຑႬᜋ؎ࣶڱĂົ઼ ĻĂ֭གྷϤࡻ઼઼ົϠड़Ąࡻ઼઼ົ֭ܲ঻˞ᇆڱਨᑢĺຑᜋҋϤ֣ጳົ ຑႬᜋ઼ົ఼ٙ࿅۞ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳبˬᝋ˧Ąௐ۞ޠڱᜩႬᜋҋϤ֣ ९Ąೱ֏̝ĂຑᜋҋϤ֣ڱܧ९̚۞˘࣎Ķନ߉ķ҃ڱ९Ļ่ߏࡻ઼ڱڱ ९̚۞Ᏼᓝ่ڱĄٙѣдຑᜋҋϤ֣ڱޠ۞઼ޓࡻ̂ٺᖂ่ߏ໚ૄޠڱ۞ ᇹĂࡻ઼઼ົ౵˘ܧߏ˘࣎ϲጳ۞໤౯࿅඀ĂтТΐो̂ă፫̂Ӏֲăݑ Ϡड़۞ᝋ˧ĞDelany, 1957: 3-5; Keane, 2004-2006: 139ğĄޠڱ௣ኬ̟఺ֱ ன઼ޓĻߏ̂ࡻڱKennedy д 1923 ѐ۞͛ౢ̚஽៙ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ಔͧڱጯ၆͵ࠧ۞੒ᚥķĄ΁ԯ఺ొጳڼ΃።Ϋ̚౵ዂ໴۞˘ࢱĂߏĶ߆ ன၁͹ཌྷ۞៍މѣϔ͹۞ԛёĄ΁ͽڱᇹĂჍధ఺ొጳ˘ڱјтТ઼࡚ጳ ߍ˞ĺࡻͅڱĄ΁ᄮࠎ఺ొጳܚኚϠಅ۞ڱĞobjective realismğࠎ఺ొጳ ຑ୧ࡗĻĂ෹෸˞ΐो̂ᅳг۞гҜĂপҾߏ΁ᄮࠎ၆ࡻ઼઼ͳ۞ᄰෟߏ ΁֭ᄮࠎຑᜋҋޢĞallegianceğĄ౵مĞfidelityğĂ̙֭ߏᕩึٕड़ྕم Ăజෛࠎߏ˘࣎͹ᝋ෪ᇈĞKennedy, 1923: 317-19ğĄڱϤ֣ҋ̎ਨᑢѩጳ ͛Іķ۞˲ܧĻߏ˘࣎ĶڱKeaneĞ2004-2006: 139ğ˵ᄮࠎĺຑᜋҋϤ֣ጳ Ğremarkable documentğĂЯࠎ఺ߏௐ˘Ѩ݈ࡻ઼ҫѣгĞpossessionğΞ ׎΁ࡻ઼ᅳгٺϠड़Ă၆ڱĂᖣϤҋ̎۞ጳ߆ᛉົֹጳڱϲҋ̎۞ጳޙͽ யϠĄڱ֏Ăּтΐो̂ĂଂϏѣтѩጳ҃ ຑႬᜋˠϔĂ҃ߏγд˧ณٙٺ໚ҋܧ֭ڱт݈ࢗຑႬᜋҋϤ֣۞ጳ ᄃĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻ኏ࡎॡĂĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻ۞ड़ڱĄ༊ጳڱૻҖኬ̟۞˘ొጳ ຑႬᜋҋϤ֣۞хдߏЯࠎ 1922ٺĞMacNeill, 1923: 61ğĄϤڱጳٺ੼˧ ።Ϋซ඀ 67۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ

ᝋĞдຑႬᜋҋϤ֣Тຍڱ९Ăࡻ઼ܲ঻၆ຑႬᜋ۞ϲڱѐࡻ઼఼ٙ࿅۞ ˭९ڱğĄߊ൒ຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ߏдࡻ઼۞ڱĂࡻ઼Ξͽࠎ׎ϲ˭̝ڶଐ۞ :ᖂĞCoffey, 2012ૄڱјϲ۞Ăࡻ઼࠹၆۞ΞͽၣዚຑႬᜋҋϤ֣хд۞ϲ ၁Җ۞ 15 ѐมĞ1922-37ğ࣒ڱГΐ˯ጳڍDelany, 1960: 18ğĄт ;280-81 ᙱநྋٕᙒТĺຑޝĂኢ۰ᑕྍڱ౵௣ 1937 ѐΩࢎؠາ۞ጳזԼ˞ 27 ѨĂ ͛ІķĄ۞˲ܧጯ၆͵ࠧ۞੒ᚥķٕߏĶڼĻߏĶ߆ڱႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ Ļௐ 50 ୧ఢؠĈĶଂ 1922ڱ఺ᆃкѨ۞࣒ጳߏֶĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ۞ޢķĄ8 ѐഇࢨ̝ڱ࣒Լጳֽڱ၁Җ੓ 8 ѐ̰ĂΞͽ౅࿅˘ਠ۞ϲڱѐጳ ඀ԔγĂυืГ೩Ϲˠϔ̳ϔԸைĄ1929 ѐຑᜋ઼ڱ࣒ጳĂੵ˞˘ਠ۞ϲ ඾ຑႬᜋקҌ 16 ѐĂѩຍܜ೩΍ௐ 16 ཱི࣒ϒ९Ă૟ࣧࢎ۞ 8 ѐഇࢨؼົ ڱѣυࢋĂ઼ົΞͽ˘ۡ౅࿅˘ਠϲڍ࣒ጳΞͽ̙υགྷ࿅̳ϔԸைĂт۞ ГؼΩγ˘࣎ 8 ѐĞAnonymous, 1945: 34ğĄ ੵ˞ຑႬᜋ̰ొ࣒ጳᐛᐛγĂγొ۞ត̼˵೩ֻຑႬᜋ፟ྻഈШВ׶ ׶γϹ፾ϲ۞෦ՐĂĺࡻຑ୧ڼᅳঙனࢋՐ߆ڼࡻ઼ҋޢĄ˘ጼඕՁྮ̝ ᛉĞImperialົ઼ޓѐ۞ 1926 ˞זᅳгҜĂڼҋזຑႬᜋ่ߏ଀۞ޢࡗĻ ᜋă܆ăຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ă৸ޘConferenceĂણΐ۰ֽҋ፫̂Ӏֲăΐो̂ăО ֏ĻĞBalfour Declaration of 1926ğĂކᅳఞğ൴ܑ˞ĺ͐Ⴌ჊ܧ৸Ҙᜋăݑ ڼҋ۞઼̰ޓ֏ቁϲ˞̂ࡻކᛳࡻ઼Ąѩ˭ܧᅳ֭ڼҋ۞઼̰ޓο̂ࡻކ ֏ჟৠކᅳгҜπඈĂд઼઼̰ٕγְચ۞Їң͞ࢬౌ̙ົ࠹̢ଂᛳĂѩ ĻĞStatute of Westminster΄ڱ೻ୂ೻পރৼˢ˞ࡻ઼д 1931 ѐ఼࿅۞ĺ֭ ᅳ߆ڼགྷ࿅ҋܧĂੵޠڱؠטᅳڼĂࡻ઼઼ົГ˵̙ਕࠎҋޢ1931ğĄѩ ९ڱĂࡻ઼ᛉົ఼ٙ࿅۞ޢ९Ϡड़ڱௐα߱ĈĶώ΄ڱĄॲፂྍۺࢵ۞ع ޝ९ڱྍܧĂੵ̶ొ˘۞ޠڱᅳڼᅳүࠎҋڼ଀ؼҩٕజෛࠎؼҩҌҋ̙ ڱௐ˟߱ϺֶఢؠĈĶώ΄ڱᅳ೩΍ࢋՐ֭ͷТຍķĄТڼቁ۞གྷϤҋځ ڱఢؠĂӮ̙଀ͽ׎၆ࡻ઼ޠڱ׶ޠڱؠ۞ЇңטᅳᛉົڼĂҋޢ९Ϡड़ ఢؠ኏ࡎĂ΄׎൑ड़ٕ̙੓үϡĂΒ߁ॲፂЇ۞ޠڱЇңனѣٕϏֽٕޠ ९Ļѣֹҋڱ೻ୂ೻পރ९ү΍۞Їң׻΄Ăఢ݋ٕ୧ּķĄĺڱңѩᙷ Ă၆ຑႬᜋ҃֏఺ߏᔙШຑႬᜋВ׶ڍᅳֶҋ֗ᝋӀ׍ѣ͹ᝋ઼छ۞ड़ڼ शĞ൑ү۰Ă1945Ĉ34ğĄྮ۞઼ ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 68

肆、邁向 1937 年新憲

၆ຑႬᜋҋϤ֣҃֏ĂᔙШຑႬᜋВ׶઼۞ௐ˘Վಶߏࢋ̷ᕝ၆ࡻ઼ ᛨٙᅳጱ۞܆ѐĂౌߏϤາ 1932 זۡ˘ޢĄҋ 1922 ѐҋϤ֣јϲمड़۞ ᛨ௲ᗓ΍ֽ۞В܆߆Ă1932 ѐຑႬᜋ̂ᏴԼត˞˘̷Ą1926 ѐଂາેع߆ ׶ᛨĂд 1932 ѐ۞Ᏼᓝ̚ĂӀϡ 30 ѐ΃͵ࠧགྷᑻ̂Ꮒ୧۞ᛉᗟăٚᏚᆿ ຑႬᜋВ׶࢕ٸᄰă͹ૺ݇ऴᓁ༛׶˯ᛉੰ۞ᝋ˧Ă֭ͷඍᑕᛖކمੵड़ βϚĂдிᛉੰ 153 ࣎यҜ̚ĂВ׶ᛨᛏ˞ 72 ࣎यҜĂ֭ᄃ׎΁̈ᛨ௡۞ & ᛨΪѣ 57 ࣎यҜĂಉε˞ે߆ᝋĞKeogh܆Ăે߆ 10 ѐ۞າعјາ߆ ᒢ׌࣎߆ځMcCarthy, 2007: chap. 1, loc. 852ğĄೀૺ༊ѐᚮᏴ۞ঔಡΞͽՀ ።Ϋ۞ڱѐે߆۞В׶ᛨࢦᆷາጳ 1937 זᛨ۞̙Т͹ૺĂͽ̈́ଂ 1932 ѐ ᄰෟĂ૟Вمᛨ۞ᚮᏴ͹ૺ̚Ă˧ܲ၆ࡻͳ۞ड़܆ᐂğĄдາܢซ඀Ğт ၆ᛨΪົ಄˾ཱིâۡഡᙾᏴϔĄ҃дВ׶ͅו׶ᛨᄃ IRA ઇాඕĂ֭Ꮭ ҘγĂ֭ͽ߀ାεຽШڌᛨ۞Ᏼᓝঔಡ̚Ăੵ˞͹ૺຑႬᜋ̙ͣࡻ઼Їң ᛨΪ৭дѣ᏿ˠϲಞᄲྖĄ܆າוѐᅅᏴϔ׶̍ˠ಄ྖĂᏝ ˘ĂВ׶ᛨڱጳ۞ຐטഇଂϏѣࢦາܐВ׶ᛨдે߆۞ޢѐે߆ 1932 ֏̚পҾૻአĂࡻ઼۞Ӏৈͽ̈́ຑႬᜋ۞Ӏކ҂۞ߏ࣒ጳĄд׎ᚮᏴޥۡ ৈਕૉТॡజᜪ̈́۞౵рщଵ͞ёߏТຍѩ׌फˠϔਕૉЧҋͽ፾ϲ۞ă ЊВхĂᗕ͞Чҋ಴ࢦΩ˘͞۞ᝋӀĂ֭ͽВТᙯ͕۞ᛉᗟ֗اኖ۞ዐ̓ ҋϤЪүĞKeogh & McCarthy, 2007: chap. 1, loc. 891ğĄВ׶ᛨд 1932 ѐ ਎זצኢᕇߏĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻߏдຑႬᜋ۞عĂາ߆ޢᏴᓝ̚ᒔ଀ે߆፟ົ јࣶౌ׍πඈгҜĂࡻ઼ҋ൒՟ѣᝋӀֽ̒۞ם̝࢝˭ࢎؠĂߊ൒̂ࡻ઼ ߏ͹ૺۡତڍд఍நᄃࡻ઼࠹ᙯְચॡĂтعĄາ߆ۏঘຑႬᜋ۞̰ొְ ;׶׎΁፬ซ͞ё၆ۋቁ۞ࢋଂࡻ઼௲ᗓ΍ΝĂΞਕົጱ࡭ࡻ઼ͽጼځ҃ ߏдĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻڱຑႬᜋҋϤ֣۞ጳٺ఺࣎ӈ૟јࠎγ઼ˠ۞ຑႬᜋĄϤ ĂĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳمߛၹ˭јϲĂߊ൒ĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻѣఢؠ၆ࡻͳड़۞ ຐࢋᆿੵᄰع୧͛Ąᓁந de Valera ۞າ߆۞مĻҋ൒̙ਕଵੵ၆ࡻͳड़ڱ ୧͛Ă҃ߏٛ੼Ҍ઼छ͹ᝋ۞ኢࢗĄ΁ᄮࠎޠڱ९ٙॲፂ۞ኢ̙ࢗߏڱෟ ኢᄰෟߏӎࠎ 10 ѐ݈۞ĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻ̙Ξ̶౷۞˘ొ̶̏གྷ̙ߏѩล̙߱ ።Ϋซ඀ 69۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ

ᛉᗟĄ΁ᄮࠎ୧ࡗ̙ߏ̙Ξ࣒ϒĂĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻ۞ჟৠߏຑႬᜋᑕྍჯ۞ םĂ҃఺࣎୧ࡗдགྷ࿅ 10 ѐ۞ྻүĂ၁ኳ˯ߏ˘࣎ᗕ͞۞྆ם޺д̂ࡻ઼ & ᛉĂ̏གྷజಏ͞ࢬ࣒Լ˞ᇴѨĞຍ޽ҋϤ఼֣ٙ࿅۞࣒ጳ९ğĞKeogh ᛉğౌΞͽ࣒ϒĂםMcCarthy 2007: chap. 1, loc. 944ğĄߊ൒ా୧ࡗĞٕߏ д઼छ͹ᝋ۞ࣧ݋˭ĂᆿੵᄰෟϺ൑̙ΞĄ ߏᓑЪ౻̍ᛨ̖଀ͽ࿅ٺᔵ൒В׶ᛨд 1932 ѐ۞̂Ᏼ̚ે߆ĂҭϤ ΗĂࠎ˞ਕԆБે߆ΐిᔙШВ׶ࢍ൪Ă1933 ѐ 1 ͡ de Valera ྋ೸઼ົĂ ९ĻĞRemovalڱдࢦາᏴᓝ̚ᛏ଀࿅ΗयѨĄТѐ 5 ఼͡࿅ĺᆿੵᄰ֏֭ ௑ཱིĂϺӈ 11 ఼͡۞઼ޓof Oath Act 1933ğĂତ඾ᆿੵ౺˭׌࣎΃ܑ̂ࡻ :ĞGwynn, 1934ވ९ᆿੵШࡻ઼ᇽ૜ੰ˯෦ăͽ఼̈́࿅ĺᆿੵᓁ༛Ᏹ̳ڱ࿅ 326; Keogh & McCarthy, 2007: chap. 1, loc. 963-1016; Coffey, 2012: 287-88ğĄ јϲ˞ጳ߆؎ࣶົĂ֭ͷдТѐ 7 ͡ͽ݈ᓝҖ࿅ܐde Valera д 1934 ѐ Ѩ۞ጳ߆ົᛉĂҭҌ͌дௐˬѨົᛉ̝݈ de Valera ̙֭ߏຐࢋ˘࣎າ۞ 10 ݈̝͡ Ąੵ˞఺ 10 Ѩົᛉٙ೩Ϲ۞ಡӘγĂጳ߆؎ࣶົд 1935 ѐ 5ڱጳ ՟ѣ೩΍ࢦ̂۞ጳ߆ԼࢭүࠎĂѩॡ۞ de Valera ͧྵ้Ш۞̪ߏ࣒Լጳ֭ ĄலౣຑႬᜋߏ˘࣎ߊх۞઼छĂ̙҃ߏྏဦڱĂ̙҃ߏ˘࣎Бາ۞ጳڱ Б൒̙֭ڱϲ˘࣎າ۞઼छĄ1935 ѐ 5 ͡ de Valera Ә෦઼ົĂϫ݈۞ጳޙ Ą൒҃఺ڱຑႬᜋ۞ጳٺĂ΁ԓ୕дЇഇ̰Ξͽѣ˘࣎ᛳۏߏຑႬᜋ۞ய ۞͡ ߱ഇมĂ޺ᜈ۞གྷᑻયᗟăIRA ۞ᇷ˧ҖજĂࠤҌҘ঱Ͱд 1936 ѐ 7 & ֏ĂγϹ߆ඉ۞ᛉᗟҬͼྵࠎᐹАĞKeogh҃عጼĂ၆ຑႬᜋҋϤ֣߆̰ ᔘѣ˘࣎ᙱᗟಶߏڱؠ˘ొາጳטMcCarthy, 2007: chap. 1, loc. 1552-91ğĄ ᛉੰధкᛉࣶߏᏐࡻ઼۞јࣶĂ༊˯ٺᛉੰ̪൒ߏͅ၆ࠁҫ̂кᇴĄϤ˯ ܡ፬ࡻ઼Ăѩ९д˯ᛉੰజוѐᆿੵ˯ᛉੰ۞࣒ϒ९೩΍ॡĂࠎᔖҺ 1934 ѐ 5 ఼̖͡࿅ᆿੵ˯ᛉੰĄ 1936 זۡ˘ጿĄ ᅫĂde Valera Ә෦΁۞ˠ̝ڱؠາጳטĂຑႬᜋдޢдଵ΍ኜкᅪᘣ ϫ۞̙۞ڱؠࢋ૟ࡻ઼༊үߏѺ༱ࣴͽγ۞઼छĄາጳט۞ڱϔĂ఺ొጳ ຑႬᜋְચ۞̒ঘĂՀࢦࢋ۞ߏ೩ֻຑႬᜋˠϔ็ٺ၆ވಏߏҺੵࡻ઼࠱ ௚ҋϤ۞።ΫາࢱĂ૟͇͹ି۞ࣰጯᏉˢຑႬᜋĂ֭ᔙШৌϒ۞ϔ͹઼छ ĞBromage & Bromage, 1940: 145; Faughnan, 1988: 82ğĄ de velara ۞ጳ߆ந ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 70

ᇆᜩĄ۞̂ޝͽ͇̈́͹ିࣧ݋ඈބ߆ඉăछलă૓ົۤٺࡠ᎘ົ၆זצه Ğௐ 44 ୧ğăۤົ߆ඉĞௐି؟পҾߏछलĞௐ 41 ୧ğăିֈĞௐ 42 ୧ğ ؟ٺ၆ڱĞKennedy, 1998: 353ğĄາጳه୧ğඈౌߏࡠ᎘ົٙિ޺۞ந 45 ٚᄮ၆ৠཐ۞ןિ޺д݈֏ܑ̚ᜨ൑᏷ĈĶͽҌཐˬҜ˘វ̝ЩĂᓽ۞ି ٺ͹ăࡠ᎘ૄ༛࢑ѣཌྷચķĂͽ̈́ௐ 44 ୧઼छٚᄮ̳ฟૣ޵۞ະຍᕩΑ۞ ĞWilliams, 1999: 320ğĄି؟Ă֭ͷ಴ࢦ΁۞Щăၷᚹѩޓ˯Бਕ۞ ༊൒ĂՀࢦࢋ۞ߏ݈֏ҋԧᄮТĶຑႬᜋˠķĞWe, the people of Éireğ ͽ̈́ૻধ۞ຑႬᜋО੃ၓពдĶ઼छᅳ˿Β߁ፋ࣎ຑႬᜋफĂ׎फᑎ׶ᅳ ঔķĞௐ 2 ୧ğćĶ઼छ۞ЩჍߏ ÉireĞຑႬᜋᄬğĂٕ۰ϡࡻᄬĂຑႬᜋķ ĞThe name of the State is Éire, or, in the English language, IrelandğĞௐ 4 ˿ԧຑႬᜋВ׶઼ᅳ˞ځᓾڱĂ1937 ѐ۞ጳז୧ğĄଂѩ˟୧୧͛Ξͽ࠻ ߏΒ߁ፋ࣎फᑎĂனдΪߏᔘ՟ѣ௚˘҃̏Ą҃ԧ۞઼छЩჍߏᄏႬᄬ۞ Ȉ֖۞ܑன΍ຑႬᜋО੃ĄপҾߏڱÉireĂٕ۰ߏϡࡻᄬΨઇຑႬᜋĂѩү дਨᑢڱຍ۞ߏĂѩጳڦᄬ֏Ğௐ 8 ୧ğĄࣃ଀͞ء˘ຑႬᜋᄬߏ઼छௐ ؟Ă˵Яѩᔵ൒׀ᅫߏ࿰ഇΔຑႬᜋд̙˳۞૟ֽົᄃຑႬᜋВ׶઼Ъ̝ ՟ѣఢ֭ڱᘲ੺͇͹ିवҫкᇴĂҭࠎࣘᜪΔຑႬᜋࡻ઼઼ିवĂጳ˯ି छĄĶ઼छٚᄮཐ͇͹ିֹवିົ̝পঅгҜͽ̈́ᘲ੺઼ି؟ቑຑႬᜋࠎ :Јч᜕۰Ğௐ 44 ୧ௐ 2 ีğĞBromage & Bromageܫүࠎ඗̂кᇴ̳ϔົି Ăௐ 3 ୧ఢቑĶд઼छᅳ˿ࢦາ׀࿰ഇᄃΔຑ௣૟Ъٺ161ğĄ˵Ϥ :1940 ၆ፋ࣎ᅳ˿Җֹგᔑᝋ۞ଐعఢؠ۞઼ົ׶߆ڱፋЪ̝݈Ăд̙ຫचώጳ ࠹Ҭ۞ᅳા׶ዋϡቑಛޠڱᑕ׍ѣᄃຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ޠڱĂ઼ົ࿴ο۞˭ڶ ड़˧ķĄޠڱඈᙷҬ۞ાγ Ϡड़۞࿣͇൴ܑ˞˘Њ̳ӘĂᄮࠎ̙გߏຑႬᜋᄬڱࡻ઼дຑႬᜋጳ Їң୧ഠౌྫྷᅳ˿ᝋӀ൑ᙯĄ۞̚ڱEire ٕ۰ߏࡻᄬ IrelandĂࠤҌдѩጳ ࡻ઼ᄮࠎֹϡ Eire ٕ۰ߏ Ireland ఺׌჌ЩჍΪߏ޽ঘຑႬᜋҋϤ֣֤࣎г Ĉځд 1937 ѐ 12 ͡൴ο˞ͽ˭ᓏعડĄࡻ઼߆

國王陛下政府……準備將新憲法視為不影響愛爾蘭自由邦立場的根 本改變，不論以後將在新憲法中描述為「Eire」或「Ireland」，仍是 大英國協成員。英國政府已經確保加拿大、澳大利亞聯邦、紐西蘭 ።Ϋซ඀ 71۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ

和南非聯盟也準備好如此對待新憲法……至少，此劇烈變革已獲得 行政承認。其他英聯邦國家的政府準備將這一變化視為更名而已。

д̳ϔԸை̚ͽ 56.52%఼࿅Ăҭ݈ࢗࡻ઼۞ᓏڱᔵ൒ຑႬᜋВ׶઼ጳ ߍ˞˘Іְ၁Ăಶߏࡻ઼ᓑ֣јࣶ̪൒૟ຑႬᜋෛࠎ׎јࣶĂᓑЪͅ˵ځ ൒໤౯рෛຑႬᜋࠎࡻ઼ᓑ֣ј઼ࣶĄ̪عοι׶׎΁ᓑ֣߆ކعͳ઼߆ ĻĞExecutiveڱ఺׎̚۞ࣧЯߏЯࠎ 1936 ѐຑႬᜋ఼ٙ࿅۞ĺ၆γᙯܼ Authority Act, or External Relations Act 1936ğĄд఺ᖎൺ۞α୧୧͛̚পҾ ѣߙܧఢቑ˞ΪࢋຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ᄃ፫̂Ӏֲăΐो̂ă৸Ҙᜋăࡻ઼׶ݑ ᙯᓑĞassociated withğĂ֭ͷΪࢋࡻ઼઼ͳజ఺઼ֱछٚᄮࠎ׎۞ޘ჌඀ Ї׻γϹ׶ᅳְ΃ܑͽ̈́ᅍܮЪү۞෪ᇈĂ֭޺ᜈ΃ܑ఺઼ֱछҖְĂͽ ؠĂтѩజᄮΞ۞઼ͳΞͽ֭ͷ଱ᝋ΃ܑຑႬᜋҋϤ֣дેҖநםඕ઼ᅫ ϏԼត 1936֭ڱᛉ˭ࠎѩϫ۞ҖְĄೱ֏̝Ă1937 ѐ఼࿅۞ጳޙ۞ົְ ĻĂຑႬᜋ̪൒଱ᝋࡻ઼઼ͳᆹҖүࠎຑႬᜋ΃நˠ۞ڱѐ۞ĺ၆γᙯܼ ९ĻĞRepublic ofڱߙֱᖚચĄ఺˵ۡତܳј˞ 1948 ѐ۞ĺຑႬᜋВ׶઼ Ķᆿੵ၆ځ९Ϊѣᖎಏ۞̣୧୧͛Ăௐ˘୧ӈ֏ڱIreland Act, 1948ğĂѩ ĂĶѩ઼छ۞ೡࢗᑕჍࠎຑႬᜋВזᄲ۞ןᓽޝķĂͽ̈́ௐ˟୧ڱγᙯܼ Б൒̙ТĄ1949̏ޘ९Ϡड़̝͟ࡻ઼۞ၗڱ׶઼ķĞTerm, 1948: 55-59ğĄд ćځШຑႬᜋᓁ௚ܑ͵̱ڼѐ 4 ͡ 18 ͟ࡻͳಕ

在這一天，我向你致以誠摯的祝福，並充分了解愛爾蘭共和國人民 與聯合王國子民密切相關的睦鄰友好關係。我非常感激地貴國人民 的服務和犧牲，他們在最近的戰爭中為我們的主張提供了英勇的幫 助，並為我們的勝利作出了顯著的貢獻。我祈禱，今天和將來，每 一個祝福都可能與你同在。

൒҃ĂຑႬᜋВ׶઼ᅳ˿ᛉᗟ֭ϏඕՁĄଂ 1967 ѐฟؕ۞ 30 ѐĶ౫ م໭ķĞtroublesğĂ֍ᙋ˞Δຑ͇͹ିव׶ϔ୉͹ཌྷ۰ᄃࡻ઼઼छొฤ׶ ᛉĻ۞ᘪཌĄםѐĺࡻຑ 1998 ז׶ۤડᇷ˧Ă౵௣֕ି؟າିव̝ม۞۞ྕ ᛉĻĂຑႬᜋυืͽ࣒ጳ९үࠎ೩९Ăυืд̳ϔԸை̚ၣםЯᑕĺࡻຑ ௐ 2ڱΔຑ̱੤۞ᅳ˿͹ૺĄඊ۰૟ 1937 ѐᄃ 1998 ѐጳٺ၆˯ڱа׎дጳ ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 72

୧ăௐ 3 ୧୧͛၆໰т˭ܑ 1Ą ຑႬᜋБٺୢ࿅Ν 60 ѐֽ၆ٸ᝝۰Ξͽ൴னĂຑႬᜋВ׶઼ព൒̏གྷ फ۞ᅳ˿͹ૺĂᖼࠎপҾࢦෛຑႬᜋϔ୉ĞIrish Nationğ۞̼͛পᇈᄃ᏷ ୢᄃΔຑϏֽ۞௚˘۞ΞਕّĂଘυืᇈٸயĄ̙࿅ĂຑႬᜋВ׶઼֭Ϗ Ր̂кᇴˠϔ۞ТຍĂ֭ᒔ଀फ˯׌࣎გᔑડ౅࿅ϔ͹඀Ԕ྿јĄ

ௐ 2 ୧ăௐ 3 ୧၆໰ܑڱ1Ĉ1937 ѐᄃ 1998 ѐጳ ܑ

ڱѐጳ 1937 ޢѐ࣒ጳ 1998 ௐ 2 ୧ ௐ 2 ୧ ఺ߏຑႬᜋफ˯΍Ϡ۞Տ࣎ˠ۞ᝋӀ׶ ઼छᅳ˿Β߁ፋ࣎ຑႬᜋफĂ׎ ᄃϠֽ࣌۞ᝋӀĂΒ߁׎फᑎ׶ঔ߶Ӯ फᑎ׶ᅳঔĄ ߏຑႬᜋϔ୉۞˘ొ̶Ą఺˵ߏٙѣֶ ѣྤॾјࠎຑႬᜋ̳ϔ۞ˠ۞ᝋӀĄڱ ҝд઼γ۞ຑاѩγĂຑႬᜋϔ୉ࠡෛ Ⴌᜋҕ௚ˠ̀۞পঅᙯܼĂ֭ᄃ΁ࣇ̶ ׎̼͛পᇈ׶᏷யĄֳ ௐ 3 ୧ ௐ 3 ୧ ຑႬᜋϔ୉д׶Ꮨᄃ̓ኖ۞િؠຍԠ д઼छᅳ˿ࢦາፋЪ̝݈Ăд̙ عఢؠ۞઼ົ׶߆ڱĂဥඕٙѣ̶ֳຑႬᜋफᅳ˿۞ˠ ຫचώጳ̚ ڶϔĂд΁ࣇ۞֗Њ׶็௚۞Ч჌кᇹّ ၆ፋ࣎ᅳ˿Җֹგᔑᝋ۞ଐ ᑕ׍ѣᄃຑޠڱ࣎௚˘۞ຑႬᜋΪ ˭Ă઼ົ࿴ο۞˘זĂ୻຾۞ᄮᙊ̚ ࠹Ҭ۞ᅳા׶ޠڱѣ఼࿅׶π͞ёᇈ଀̂кᇴˠϔ۞Т ႬᜋҋϤ֣ ड़ޠڱຍĂ֭дफ˯۞׌࣎გᔑડ̰౅࿅ϔ͹ ዋϡቑಛඈᙷҬ۞ાγ ͞ё̖ਕ྿јĄ ˧Ą

伍、結語

˫ዐ઼Ăώ֗۞઼ޓѐ۞۬ཀྵ̚Ăүࠎ̂ࡻ 800 ܕдຑႬᜋᄃࡻ઼૟ ˭׍ѣࢦࢋጼரгҜĂຑႬᜋˠϔΞᏜ؝࢕ጬጼâۡдૻ઼۞ౚᇆ͉̙ ຑ˞ޢؼ˧ڠၹຑႬᜋ۞઼̼͛୉͹ཌྷᄮТĄ̙Ξӎᄮ۞Ăࡻ઼۞ૻ๕ޙ ႬᜋВ׶઼۞ኚϠĂ҃үࠎజതϔ۞઼छĂຑႬᜋ̰ొᓁߏ̙৿ᏐࡻࠁĂ ።Ϋซ඀ 73۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ

׀९Ļࢋ૟ຑႬᜋڱѐ۞ĺᓑ༖ 1801 זߏԧࣇ࠻ٺ͹ཌྷ൴ᓏĄ઼ޓॡࠎ̙ ܆ᔵ൒າזˢࡻ઼ॡĂдຑႬᜋᛉົ̚ͽ 158 ை၆ 115 ை఼࿅ćԧࣇ˵࠻ ѐᛉົᏴᓝ̚ᝃ߁࿅ΗयҜĂҭ˵̙଀̙Ҳᐝд 1918 ۞ޢᛨдೇ߿༼੓ཌྷ Ļ̝˭ĂٚᄮࡻͳᐝᅟĄВ׶ᛨдڱĺࡻຑ୧ࡗĻͽ̈́ĺຑႬᜋҋϤ֣ጳ ĻĂڱĞ1937 ѐğ఼࿅˞ĺຑႬᜋВ׶઼ጳޢĂΓѓ۞д 5 ѐޢѐે߆ 1932 छ۞ЩჍᔵ઼ٺჍΒ߁ፋ࣎ຑႬᜋफᑎ׶ᅳঔĂ၆ކछ۞ᅳ˿ᔵ൒઼ٺ၆ ϔԸை̳۞ڱ൒િ޺ϡᄏႬᄬ۞ĶEireķٕߏࡻᄬ۞ĶຑႬᜋķĂҭ఺ొጳ ९Ļ˵่ߏᅅೡ୶ᆷ۞͹ૺڱͽ 56.52%఼࿅Ą1948 ѐ۞ĺຑႬᜋВ׶઼่ ĂޢᛉĻםѐ۞ĺࡻຑ 1998 ˞זĶѩ઼छ۞ೡࢗᑕჍĶຑႬᜋВ׶઼ķĄ ၹຑႬᜋ۞઼୉ᄮТĄޙٺຑႬᜋ̙Гિ޺Бफ۞ᅳ˿͹ᝋĂ้҃Ш ĻĂߏֶ 70 ѐ݈ڱέ៉۞ಞഀĂέ៉ϫ݈ٙዋϡ۞ĺ̚රϔ઼ጳזа ૲ˢĄ૲ˢ۞ޢέ៉זؠ۞Ă֭ᐌ඾̚රϔ઼ 1949 ѐୀ੟טଐ઼ٙ۞઼̚ д 1991 ѐҌ 2004 ѐมซҖ˞˛Ѩ࣒ጳĄޢ΃Ă̝פѐజᓜॡ୧ഠٙ 40 ݈ ֏ĂຐࢋЯгዋϡĂధк୧͛ݒ҃ڱдέ៉۞γֽጳܜ၆˘࣎Ϡд઼̚Ă ጯநଣտĂѝ̏јሢĄ̙࿅д઼ˠ۞ڱؠາጳטٺགྷᅈᗓன၁Ąέ៉၆̏ ѝ઼ཱི̏ځځጳ๕૟஍ࠎຍᙊԛၗ۞֎˧ಞٙĄטВᙊ̝݈ĂޘϏѣ੼إ ઼ځځ౷଺ćڱ௚Ăଐຏᄃຍᙊԛၗ˯൑ڱ၁ᅫĂҭݒឰొ̶ˠෛࠎ̷̙ छဦᛡ၆઼ځځ୧͛Ă̙ᙸৌ၁ࢬ၆1ćڱጳٺڪٲ˫छᅳ˿ѝ̏តՀĂݒ

įఢؠᅳ˿តՀ඀ԔĂֽኢᙋᄲЯࠎ̚රϔ઼̙അ఼࿅ڱкˠಈᝌ͔ϡ̚රϔ઼Įጳޝ 1 ҂Νͅᅺޥந˯ᔘΒӣ̂ౙĂΒӣݑঔ U ݭቢĄԧࣇϡទᏭ۞ͅШڱᅳ˿តՀĂٙͽ ఺჌ኢᕇĄࢵАߏ׽ѣᘟાഴ͌९ּĂྏયĂٙᏜ׽ѣᘟાĶநኢ˯ķѣ՟ѣຐࢋΒ߁ γᄋΟĉѣĊѣ఼࿅តՀᘟા˞՟ĉ՟ĊγᄋΟߏ̙ߏ፾ϲ઼छĉߏć׽ѣᘟાĶநኢ ķѣ՟ѣΒ߁ݑঔȈ˘߱ቢĉѣĊߏ̙ߏ઼ͧ̚۞ݑঔ˝߱ቢᔘ̂ĉ၆Ċѣ఼࿅តՀ˯ ल۞ҿՙ̙ҭӎؠ˝߱ăȈ˘߱ቢĂ̚රϔ઼ాፉЇ෦ڱᘟા˞՟ĉ՟Ċ˘઼࣎ᅫЅ෗ ĉ՟Ċ1999 ѐ 12 ͡ 9Ƃ10 ͟Ăѯ፨ϔᄃܻᘲ೻߆ੰڱ՟ྤॾĄѣ՟ѣགྷ࿅ϲౌ͞˘̝ Ҙ׌߱۞ୃࢗᛉؠڌࠧቢ઼ܻ̚ٺᙯع׶ܻᘲ೻ᓑ֣߆عᘪؠ˞Į̚රˠϔВ׶઼߆ع к࣎έ៉۞ 300 к༱π̳֧͞ 100 ٺࢬ᎕࠹༊ۋ୧͛૟ܻ̚͵΃࠹ޠڱ३įĄѯ፨ϔͽ តՀ׽ѣᘟાĉ՟Ċ׎Ѩߏ׽ѣᘟાᆧֽੰڱᅳ˿޾͘ឰගܻᘲ೻Ăѣ՟ѣགྷ࿅έ៉ϲ ந˯۞̚රϔ઼׽ѣᘟાѣ՟ѣΒ߁έ៉ĉ׎၁ 1936 ѐ 55 ጳਨٙఢڱΐ९ּĂྏયĂ ϡҌ̫Ăҭ఼࿅ڻį׎͹ૺ׽ѣᘟાڱቑ۞ᘟા̙Β߁έ៉Ă1946 ѐ఼࿅၁߉۞Įጳ į۞༊ॡĂέ៉ߏ͟ώ۞ᅳ˿Ă̙ߏ׽ѣᘟાĊѣ఼࿅តՀĶᆧΐķᘟા˞՟ĉڱĮጳ ĉڱ՟ĊިᆃனдѣĶ̚රϔ઼дέ៉ķ۞ᄲ ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 74

छ͹ˠ઼̝ٺέ៉ˠϔ̙׍ЇңຍཌྷĂݒ˫ͽ઼̚Ϋ៍۞።Ϋିֈૻᑅٺ ଂϏߏ઼ᅫ͹߹Ăݒ̪ͽ࣎ˠૣ޵ăౄטវڱछጳ߆۞̣ᝋጳ઼ځځć˯ ߏ˘࣎ᖞॡ΃ăڱፋొጳځځćڱຐĂ૟˘ˠ൑ຍཌྷ۞͹ૺᐌຍಷˢጳޥৠ ۞૱ವՐϒ˭טĂݒࢋາ͵΃۞έ៉ˠϔ۬ཀྵд̙ϒ૱۞វۏჯ۞யޥᖞ ĄέڱຑႬᜋˠ۞ጳٺछᄮТĄຑႬᜋΞᏜ።གྷ˞˼֙༱ࡴ̖ѣ˘ొᛳ઼ ጳĄ̙࿅Ăࡶͽ઼ϔ͹ᝋ۞טд࣒ጳ۞྽ྮ˯̏న˭ࢦࢦᙯΙĂՀ࿇ኢ៉ Ăநّ۞ଣ੅˭ސ၆ޘጳĂҭдຍᙊԛၗ੼טநኢ༊൒Ξͽྯ࿅࣒ጳۡତ តј૊ՐĄΪѣдέ៉ˠϔৌϒԯέ៉ෛࠎয়઼Ă֭ͷ໘ˢέ៉Ϡ׻ВТ ጳĄטវ̝ᅫĂ̖ਕు႙ྭ෸఺჌ຍᙊݭၗᕃ໛Ăར၁ ።Ϋซ඀ 75۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ

ܢᐂċ1932 ѐຑႬᜋ̂Ᏼາ܆ᛨᚮᏴঔಡ!

ऻᑂϔிͅ၆ᛨညႀ͘! !ཱི˾၆ᛨјϲ̣ѐΪ಄ͅוᄰෟ! Ꮭمᛨ˧ܲ၆ࡻͳड़܆າ Ϊѣે߆ᛨ̖ΞͽܲᙋщБ

!ϡࡻ̃ͳ۞೩ᏹ ᆚᏝͅ၆ᛨΪົ൪̂ᅷ! ᆚᏝͅ၆ᛨΪົүၑ! ຳϯͅ၆ᛨࡦޢߏJSB!

ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 76

!ѐຑႬᜋ̂ᏴВ׶ᛨᚮᏴঔಡ 1932

!Ҙ! ੅рѐᅅ୉ཏᏴை! ௣ඕεຽڌԧࣇ̙ͣࡻ઼Їң

!П፟ۋᛨΪࠎಱˠ! В׶ᛨਕ૲ᅳᔖฟጼ܆੅р̍ˠ! ᆚᏝາ

फ़ֽ໚Ĉྤ https://www.whytes.ie/art/1932-sinn-fin-election-poster-quotthe-oathquot-quothis-britannic-majestys- parliament-of-southern-ireland-is-still-in-existencequot/130312/bid.whytes.ie/bid.whytes.ie/ https://www.reddit.com/r/PropagandaPosters/comments/4a4fs5/the_shadow_of_the_gunman_ke ep_it_from_your_home/ https://twitter.com/electionlit/status/523426734960807936 ።Ϋซ඀ 77۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ

https://www.adams.ie/47897/His-Master-s-Voice-A-poster-depicting-De-Valera-with-the-above- heading-and-Make-your-voice-heard-by-voting-for-Cumann-na-nGaedheal-printed-by-The- Temple-Press-Temple-Bar-Dublin-47897?ipp=9&keyword=&view=lot_detail https://twitter.com/electionlit/status/523426734960807936 https://www.whytes.ie/art/1932-cumann-na-ngaedheal-poster-fianna-fils-game/143577/?SearchS tring=&LotNumSearch=&GuidePrice=&OrderBy=LH&ArtistID=&ArrangeBy=list&NumP erPage=30&offset=615 https://irishelectionliterature.com/tag/1932-general-election/ http://www.ucd.ie/kbc/history.htm https://irishelectionliterature.com/tag/1932-general-election/ https://20thcenturydublin.com/2013/07/31/fianna-fail-election-posters-1948-2/ https://irishelectionliterature.com/2012/08/20/from-1932-end-unemployment-vote-fianna-fail-and-g overnment-for-the-rich-vote-for-fianna-fail/ https://20thcenturydublin.com/2013/07/30/fianna-fail-election-posters-1948/ ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 78

參考文獻

Anonymous. 1945. “Twenty-five Years of Irish Constitution Development.” Irish Jurist, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 31-36. Balfour Declaration of 1926 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balfour_Declaration_of_ 1926) (2019/1/30) Bromage, Arthur W., and mary C. Bromage. 1940. “The Irish Constitution: A Discussion of Its Theoretical Aspects.” Review of Politics, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 145-66. Constitution of the Irish Free State (consolidated text) (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ Constitution_of_the_Irish_Free_State_(consolidated_text)#Article_3) (2018/6/30) Constitution of Ireland (original text) (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_ of_Ireland_(original_text)#DIRECTIVE_PRINCIPLES_OF_SOCIAL_POLICY) (2018/6/30) Coffey, Donalk. 2012. “The Need for a New Constitution: Irish Constitution Change 1932-1935.” Irish Jurist, New Series, Vol. 48, pp. 275-302. Daly, Mary E. 2007. “The Irish Free State/Éire/Republic of Ireland/Ireland: A Country by Any Other Name?” Journal of British Studies, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 72-90. Delany, V. T. H. 1960. “Fundamental Liberties in the Constitution of Ireland.” University of Malaya Law Review, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 17-28. Delany, V. T. H. 1957. “The Constitution of Ireland: Its Origins and Development.” University of Toronto Law Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 1-26. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2009. “Act of Union.” (https://www.britannica.com/event/ Act-of-Union-United-Kingdom-1801) (2018/12/30) Farrell, Brian. 1970. “The Drafting of the Irish Free State Constitution.” Irish Jurist, New Series, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 115-40. Faughnan, Seán. 1988. “The Jesuits and the Drafting of the Irish Constitution of 1937.” Irish Historical Studies, Vol. 26, No. 101, pp. 79-102. Gwynn, Stephen. 1934. “Ireland since the Treaty.” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 319-30. Hudson, Manley O. 1925. “The Irish Boundary Question.” American Journal of International Law, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 150-55. Kennedy, Finola. 1998. “Two Priests, the Family and the Irish Constitution.” Studies: ።Ϋซ඀ 79۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ

An Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. 87, No. 348, pp. 353-64. Keogh, Dermot, and Andrew J. McCarthy. 2007. The Making of the Irish Constitution 1937. Cork: Mercier Press. Kennedy, W. P. M. 1923. “Significance of the Irish Free State.” North American Review, Vol. 218, No. 814, pp. 316-24. Keane, Ronan. 2004-2006. “Reflections on the Irish Constitution.” Radharc, Vols. 5-7, pp. 135-53. Lentin, Ronit. 1998. “Irishness, the 1937 Constitution, and Citizenship: A gender and Ethnicity View.” Irish Journal of Sociology, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 5-24. Lloyd, Trevor. 1998. “Partition, within, Partition: The Irish Example.” International Journal, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 505-21. Malesevic, Sinisa. 2014. “Irishness and Nationalisms.” Irish Journal of Sociology, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 130-42. MacNeill, J. G. Swift. 1923. “Thoughts on the Constitution of the Irish Free State.” Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law, Ser. 3, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 52-62. Statute of Westminster 1931 (http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo5/22-23/4/ section/4) (2018/6/30) Term, Michaelmas. 1948. “The Republic of Ireland, 1948: Its Effect on the Constitutional Position of the State.” Irish Jurist, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 55-59. The Irish Rising. 2010. “Government of Ireland Act 1920.” (http://theirishrising. blogspot.com/2010/12/government-of-ireland-act-1920.html) (2018/12/20) Williams, Kevin. 1999. “Faith and the Nation: Education and Religious Identity in the Republic of Ireland.” British Journal of Educational Studies, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 317-31. Wikipedia. 2019a. “Crown of Ireland Act 1542.” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Crown_of_Ireland_Act_1542) (2018/12/30) Wikipedia. 2019b. “Acts of Union 1800.” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_ of_Union_1800) (2018/12/30) Wikipedia. 2019c. “Home Rule.” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_rule) (2018/ 12/30) Wikipedia. 2019d. “Government of Ireland Act 1920.” (https://en.wikipedia. org/ wiki/Government_of_Ireland_Act_1920) (2019/1/18) Wikipedia. 2019e. “Irish Parliamentary Party.” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_ ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 80

Parliamentary_Party) (2019/1/5) Wikipedia. 2019f. “Irish Declaration of Independence 1919.” (https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Irish_Declaration_of_Independence) (2019/1/5) Wikipedia. 2019g. “Message to the Free Nations of the World.” (https://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_to_the_Free_Nations_of_the_World) (2019/1/5) Wikipedia. 2019h. “Irish Republic.” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Republic) (2019/1/5) ።Ϋซ඀ 81۞ڱຑႬᜋ׌ొጳ

The Historical Process of the Two Constitutions in Ireland

Lloyd Sheng-Pao Fan Associate Professor of Public Relations and Advertising Kun-Shan University, Tainan, TAIWAN

Abstract

Ireland had initiated constitutions in 1922 and 1937 respectively. In 1922, under the status of the Irish Free State, an Irish Free State Constitution was drawn up with full of British stamp. During the 15 years from 1922 to 1937, Ireland gradually got rid of the British elements of the Free State Constitution and formulated a new constitution. It was not until the 1948 Irish Republic Act was enacted that the British performed as the Irish agent was suspended. This article analyzes the historical process of these two constitutions, as well as the special meanings they represent. The author also analyzes the external pressure that the colonial countries have to bear in the constitution-making process, as well as the constitutional changes brought about by the strong national identity.

Keywords: Irish Free State, Anglo-Irish Treaty, Republic of Ireland Act

ăௐ 3 ഇĞ2019/ࡌ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 15 82