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A. Water Quality

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A. Water Quality Approximation of Environmental legislation Role of Compliance Costing for Approximation of EU Environmental Legislation in Cyprus Annexes June 1999 : Table of Contents A. WATER QUALITY ................................................................................................................ A-1 A.1. INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT ........................................................................................................ A-1 A.1.1. Central Waste Water Treatment Plant............................................................................A-1 A.1.2. Wineries........................................................................................................................A-3 A.1.3. Animal Wastes...............................................................................................................A-4 A.1.4. Other Industrial Sources................................................................................................A-7 A.2. DOMESTIC SOURCES:RURAL .............................................................................................. A-8 A.2.1. Introduction...................................................................................................................A-8 A.2.2. Plans for Central Collection and Treatment Systems ......................................................A-9 A.3. DOMESTIC SOURCES :URBAN ........................................................................................... A-14 A.3.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................A-14 A.3.2. Sewerage Board of Nicosia..........................................................................................A-14 A.3.3. Sewerage Board of Limassol Amathus..........................................................................A-15 A.3.4. Larnaca Sewerage and Drainage Board.......................................................................A-17 A.3.5. Sewerage Board of Ayia Napa and Paralimni...............................................................A-18 A.3.6. Sewerage Board of Paphos ..........................................................................................A-19 A.4. WATER SUPPLY PROGRAMME ........................................................................................... A-19 A.4.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................A-19 A.4.2. Water Supply and Demand Balance .............................................................................A-20 A.4.3. Water Development Programme ..................................................................................A-21 B. MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE .........................................................B-24 B.1. THE EXISTING SITUATION INTHEREPUBLIC OF CYPRUS .....................................................B-24 B.1.1. The Collection of Waste ...............................................................................................B-24 B.1.2. The Disposal of Municipal Waste.................................................................................B-24 B.1.3. Current Waste Arisings................................................................................................B-24 B.1.4. The Forecast for 2007..................................................................................................B-25 B.1.5. Goals for Municipal Waste Management......................................................................B-26 B.1.6. Future Management of Municipal Waste in Cyprus ......................................................B-26 C. INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL AND RISK MANAGEMENT........................... C-30 C.1. THE ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY OF CYPRUS .........................................................................C-30 C.1.1. Existing System ...........................................................................................................C-30 C.1.2. Future Development ....................................................................................................C-30 C.1.3. Expenditure on ‘Environmental’ Projects.....................................................................C-31 D. STAFF AND TRAINING NEEDS ........................................................................................ D-34 D.1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. D-34 D.2. ADDITIONAL STAFF ........................................................................................................... D-34 D.2.1. Department of Labour ................................................................................................ D-34 D.2.2. Department of Water Development............................................................................. D-34 D.2.3. The Environment Service............................................................................................ D-35 D.3. TRAINING NEEDS............................................................................................................... D-35 Compliance Costing for Approximation in Cyprus A. Water Quality A.1. Industrial Effluent Historically, in most instances, industrial effluent is managed by the source industry and tends to be disposed of in absorption pits. However, it is expected that, with the recently commissioned central waste water treatment plant, and privately planned treatment plants, the majority of industrial sources will have suitable effluent treatment facilities within the next few years. Note: the central waste water treatment plant will also treat domestic septage. The cost implications of these developments are discussed below. A.1.1. Central Waste Water Treatment Plant1 Background Due to the absence of a sewerage network in large areas of Nicosia and Larnaca, and in most of the villages of these districts, the domestic septage collected, from the overflowing septic tanks/absorption pits of residences, was taken by tanker and disposed to lagoons sited near the village of Potamia for Nicosia District, and near the village of Kelia for Larnaca District. In addition, a number of industries (about 100), either due to their location or due to their small size, have not been able to build their own waste water treatment plants and, as a result, these wastes have also been discharged to these lagoons. The operation of the above lagoons has been causing serious environmental problems, e.g. pollution of watercourses and sub-strata. In December 1993, the Government of the Republic of Cyprus, decided to proceed with the construction of a Central Waste Water Treatment Plant (CWWTP), where all the above wastes would be treated. In April 1994 a Consultancy Services Contract was awarded and soon thereafter a Environmental Impact Study was commenced in parallel with the preparation of draft Tender Documents for the construction of the Treatment Plant on a turnkey basis. The Contract was awarded in 1995 for the sums of approximately 14.0 million ECU for the construction and 2.4 million ECU for the five-year operation and maintenance of the Treatment Plant. Construction work commenced in February 1996 and the Substantial Completion and Take-Over Certificates were issued to the Contractor in February 1998. Treatment Plant Description All wastes that will be delivered to the Treatment Plant have been classified under one of six different categories. The design flows and loads for each category are shown in Table A.1. The capacity of the Treatment Plant is 2,200 m3 per calendar day with an equivalent population of approximately 55,000 people. For each of the categories of waste, a different pre-treatment line has been constructed in order to accommodate the particular characteristics of that category. Following pre-treatment, all wastes are collected in the balancing tank and from there they are commonly processed through secondary and tertiary treatment. After tertiary treatment the recycled water will be collected and stored in the Treated Effluent Storage Reservoir, with a capacity of 284,000 m3, from where it will be distributed via a pumped irrigation network to about 500 ha of land near Potamia and Geri. 1 This section provides a summary of key aspects of the Central Waste Water Treatment Plant (CWWTP) extracted from a promotional publication provided by the Environment Service: The Central Waste Water Treatment Plant at Vathia Gonia – Environmental Protection in Practice, Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment. A Study for the European Commission DG – XI.A.4 A-1 Compliance Costing for Approximation in Cyprus Table A.1 Design Specifications of CWWTP Year 1994 Year 2004 Waste Category 3 Flow (m /day) BOD5 load (kg/day) SS load Flow BOD5 load (kg/day) SS load (kg/day) (m3/day) (kg/day) Domestic Sewage 1,263 904 2,100 1,683 1,207 2,804 Dairy Wastes 108 1,073 748 144 1,430 997 Fats, Oils and Grease 26 70 48 35 93 64 Metal Wastes 36 - 9 48 - 12 Strong Organic Wastes 56 310 192 75 413 256 Weak Organic Wastes 161 153 43 215 204 57 Sludge 80 Not Known Not Known 108 Not Known Not Known Note: BOD5 = Biochemical Oxygen Demand required in 5 days. SS = Suspended Solids. For control as well as billing purposes a transponder has been fitted on each tanker which is licensed to discharge at the Treatment Plant. Through this transponder the tanker is automatically recognised upon its arrival at the Tanker Reception Building and this arrival is recorded on the computer at the
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