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Buiiiriii Surviy The Hungarian Survey May Be Obtained from ·the Following Distributors or KULTURA BUIIIRIII Hungarian Trading Company for Books and Newspapers : Budapest 62, P.O~B. 149 1 AUSTRALIA: New World Booksellers, 425 PiU Kunst & Wissen, Erich Bieber, Poslfach 46, . SURVIY Street, Sydney 7, Stuttgart 1 Erich Roth Verlag, Pressehaus, 35 Kassel AUSTRIA: Globus Buchvertrieb, Salzgries 16, Wien I GREECE: Elefthereoudakis, Constitution ' Editor: ZOLTAN HALASZ Rudolf Nowak GmbH, Kollnerhofgasse 4, Square, Athens 126 Wien I Librairie des Sciences Techniques Etran· : geres, Harilou Tricoupi 13, Athens, 142 BELGIUM: Librairie Du Monde Entier 5, Place St. Jean, Bruxelles INDIA: Current Technical Literature C'ompany, ' CONTENTS Mertens & Co., 33, De Keyserlei, Antwerpen India'\ House, OPP. G. P. Post Box 1374, ~ Bombay 1 BRAZIL: Livraria D. Landy,Rua 7 de Abril ISRAEL: Gondos, 16 ,Herzl Str., Bet Hakran.ot, 252 50 5/53 560 Paulo Haifa PARLIAMENT, Hadash Lib., Nesz-Ciona Str., 4. Tel·Aviv . CANADA: ·Pannonia Books, 2 Spa din a Road,. STATE ADMINISTRATION, COUNCILS 3 Ott6 Bihari Toronto 4 (Ont.) JAPAN: Maruzen Company Ltd., 6, Tori Nicho­ FOREIGN TRADE AND ECONOMIC Delib6b Film Record Studio, 19 Prince me, Ninonbashi, Tokyo REFORM IN THE NEW TECHNICAL AGE 19 Imre Vajda Arthur Street West., Montreal 18 Nauka Ltd., 30-19, Min,ami·ikebukoro-Hi­ POPULATION PROBLEMS IN THE STATISTICS 36 Egon Szabady Forum Books, 140 Kipling Ave. North., gashi 2·chome, Toshima·ku, Tokyo Islington, (Ont.) A HUNDRED YEARS OF HUNGARIAN ART 45 Lajos Nemeth Far Eastern Book-Sellers, P. O. B. No. 72, ZOLTAN KODALY 51 Laszl6 Eosze CUBA: Instituto del Libro, Calle 10 y 19, Ha­ Tokyo bana Sanyo Shuppan Boeki Co. In.c., Hoyu Bldg; S, 2·chome, Takaracho Chuoku, DENMARK: Hunnia Books & Music, Norrebro· Tokyo Central HUNGARY AND THE WORLD gade 182, Kobenhavn Ejn.ar Munksgaard, Norregade 6, Koben­ NETHERLANDS: havn Martinus Nijhoff, Lange Voorhout 9, '5 Gra- ,', INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW venhage IN THE MAKING­ FINLAND: Akateeminen Kirjakauppa, Keskus­ ! Meulenhoff et Co., Beulingsstraat 2/4, Am· fr':' A NEW UN PROGRAMME 64 Endre Ustor katu 2, Helsinki ~~m~ '. SuomalainenKirjakauppa, Vanha Vlioppilas­ HUNGARY AND THE UNITED NATIONS 87 Edit Gomori Pegasus, Leidsestraat 25, Amsterdam C. .' talo, Helsinki BRITISH-HUNGARIAN TRADE AND ITS lIBREX Agenturen,. Pallieter~tr. 57. Amstel- [ . FUTURE PROSPECTS 95 Istwin Madai FRANCE: C. D. L P. 142, bd. Diderot, Paris, 120 veen "Club Qualtton" Pnnsenstraat 26, ( Amsterdam C. t Librairie Hachette, 25, rue des Cevennes, i .- Paris, 15e NORWAY: 10hann Grundt Tanum, Karl Johans- t S. A. B. R. I., 292-296, rue St. Jacques,. Pa­ RESEARCH AND EDUCATION gatan 43, .oslo j< ris 5e Norsk Bogimport, Ovre Vongate 15, Oslo t HUNGARIAN BIOLOGY: THE NEED GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC: Klibon & Sag­ FOR REFORM 104 F. Brun6 Straub ner, SchlieBfach 68, 8, Munchen '34 (Continued on the back inside oJ the cover) THELASTLEGACY:THEBART6K-KODALY . '-- -' "' -~ ~ - " '-" '_~ . _.A ., CORPUS OF FOLK MUSIC 114 Lajos Vargyas Research and Education 115 Lajos Vargyas terial 'and newer results. In other words, only in further subdivisions of the groups the more modern and up-to-date it will be; he obtained by this method did he give If we take into account the fact that in metrical characteristics a role to play. The Last Legacy: t~e ,Ba~t6k~Kodaly 1924, when Bartok finalized his book for Their first scholarly publication of folk publication, the number of songs awaiting songs, 150 folk songs of Transylvania, I was Corpus ofFQlk'Music publication was 8,000, and it is now about arranged according to this system. But in 100,000, the long delay in the date of pub­ an extremely important book2 published lication would appear to be a gain: gaps ih 1924, Bartok proceeded first and fore­ have been filled in, the greater number of most on the basis of metrical classification, variants and types of songs more recently and gave classification by cadence a sec­ discovered have made the picture of Hun­ ondary place. Before he left Hungary he garhm folk song more complete. On the had worked out , the detailed metrical­ he Corpus Musicae Popuiaris Hunga­ authorities in 1913, directing their atten­ other hand, if we consider that during all rhythmical system of classification of Hun­ T' ricae, designed to be the complete tion to the significance of the several these years the work was deprived of in­ garian folk songs. All the material collected compendium of Hungarian folk music, of thousand folk songs they had already gath­ fluence in ' either 'scholarly fields; or in up to then existed in two copies, arranged which five bulky volumes have already ered and asking for help in their publica­ Hungarian music, and the greater mass of according to , each of the two systems of appeared, is the most ambitious project tion. The request was premature. Neither accumulated material makes the working classification, awaiting a final decision as accomplished by Hungarian folk music re­ the official circles nor the wider public of this influence even more difficult, then to which method would be followed. search. Bela Bartok and Zoltan Kodaty re­ could appreciate the importance of the we can assess the disadvantages of the This decision was expected to provide garded it the crowning achievement of all work at that time. Had it not been for the delay. an answer to a question of no small im­ their scholarly efforts, and, apart from achievements and success of the two men These considerations, however, do not portance. It was a cherished dream of both their work as composers, the main object as musicians and composers a real aware­ alter the fact that the war, and slow res­ Bart6k and Kodaly, and their often repeat­ of their life. This great undertaking not nesS' of what it all meant might never 'have toration of normal living after the war ed demand, that the folk songs should be only offers a picture of the tremendous arisen. It was only in fact in 1934 that the acted like the lack ofunder standing in the published according to a musical system scope of the music collected, but by their Academy of Sciences offered them an earlier period, in again delaying publi­ of classification. This would have been the mode of publication the volumes reflect opportunity for the publication of the cation to a later date, and when the volumes magnetic force disentangling the inchoate the standards of research applied through­ songs, and entrusted' Bart6k with the task' did begin to come off the press the work and tangled mass of melodies, and putting out the project. It represents the sum total of preparing the material. From that time had to be undertaken under the conditions them into an obedient system that would of years of theoretical research and the on Bartok was relieved of the burden of then, and still, prevailing. reveal their secrets. Almost every scholarly most important results of mature, scholar­ teaching music,and was able to devote all Kodaly, who by that time had become benefit required would follow from such a ly analysis. his time up to 1940, when his decision to responsible for launching the originally system, if it could be built on the real char­ It,took ye'ars of work, I repeat, to bring leave Hungary became final, to the publi­ joint project by himself, was faced with a acteristics of the songs. Without it the this series of volumes into existence, and cation of the folk songs. It was, however, new set of alternatives: he had to choose widely scattered variants of the songs behind them lie even longer years of the only six years after the war, and after the between his own and Bartok's theories of would lie undiscovered amidst several painstaking work of collection and analy­ death of Bartok, that the first volume of classification for the arrangement of the hundreds and even thousands of melodies, sis. After eight years of collecting music and the series came out in 1951, forty-six years songs, because at the time of Bartok's and the styles, types and specific character­ songs, Bart6k and Kodaly submitted a re­ after the work of collecting had begun-a death, this question had not been 'settled. istics of a mature folk music developed quest to the leading Hungarian cultural period of nearly two generations! The musical system devised by Kodaly was from a great diversity of influences would It is worth considering whether a long based in the first place on the melodic I Bela Bart6k-ZoItan KodAly: Erd~/y l magyarsdg, Nepdalok LAJOS VARGYAS, ethnographer and musico­ delay harms or benefits a work of this kind. characteristics of the songs; which he de­ (The Hungarians of Transylvania. Folk Songs). Budapest, logist, is a member of the folk music research Undoubtedly every year of delay is also fined by a grouping of the final notes in the 1923. (With introductions in English, French and German.) group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 2 Bela Bart6k: A magyar nipdal. Budapest, 1924. In English: an opportunity to make use of newer ma- lines, that is, classification by cadence, and Hungarian Folk MusiC. London, 1931. 116 Research -and Education Research and Education 117 remain completely undeterminable. The tween two related melodies as great as cations up to that time, whereas the general dren-to introduce the youngsters in kin­ greater the mass of songs the more hope­ within the other system. After the mechan­ body of song were already quite well dergarten and primary school to the higher less the task of coping with such musical ical classification of the melodies further known and had been published in several realms of music.
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