THE MUTINY. Jan., 1908.J THE MEDICAL SERVICES IN

in on ? Surgeon R. H. Bartrum* the advance on 26th September; one died of iriqinal Articles. wounds, Asst.-Surgeon E. Darby, in Lucknow / Residency, on 27th October. The twenty-eight medical officers killed were THE MEDICAL SERVICES IN THE the following. The dates in brackets after their MUTINY. names are the dates of entering the service :? Was it storm? Our fathers faced it and a wilder never Superintending Surgeon James Graham blew ; (9th January 1820), killed by mutineers at Earth that waited for the wreckage watched the galley Sialkot, 9th July. struggle through. Acting Superintending Surgeon Christopher Kipling. Garbett (23rd May 1828), died in Wheler's By D. G. CRAWFORD, m.b., entrenchment, Cawnpore, June. LIEUT.-COLONEL, I.M.S., Surgeon Thomas Smith, Invalid establish- ment (22nd October 1831), killed mutineers Civil Surgeon, Hughli. by at , 10th May. and since the Fifty years have come gone Surgeon Henry Hawkins Bowling (1st March Sepoy Mutiny in 1857 shook the British power 1838), killed by mutineers at Shahjahanpur, in to its foundations. To most of us, 31st Majr. especially to the elders, the Mutiny has always Surgeon Kinloch Winlaw Kirk (2nd October been a subject of much interest. It has 1838), killed by mutineers at Gwalior, 13th certainly been so to me. Several of my rela- June. tions served in it, one being killed in action ; and Surgeon Nathaniel Collyer (1st November I was born in Bengal a few weeks after the first 1838), killed at Cawnpore, 27th June. outburst. Twenty-five years later, in 1882, Surgeon William Robert Boyes (1st August was to soon after my return to India, I posted 1841), killed at Cawnpore, 27th June. , and spent the greater part of my military Surgeon Arthur Wellesley Robert Newenham service in that pleasant but unhealthy station. (11th May 1842), killed at Cawnpore, 27th Even in Delhi, in 1882, the Mutiny seemed but June. a dim and distant memory. It does not appear Surgeon Thomas Godfrey Heathcote (12th to me now long to look back upon 1882. Yet August 1842), killed at Cawnpore, loth July. the interval between the beginning of the Surgeon Samuel Maltby (31st October 1843), Mutiny and mj- joining at Delhi was shorter killed at Cawnpore, 15th July. than the period from that day to this. There Asst.-Surgeon John Macdowall Hay (29th May were then serving in Delhi, a small station, 1843), killed by mutineers at Bareli, 31st May. at least four officers who had been through the Asst.-Surgeon John Colin Graham (16th Mutinj\ Now there is no Mutiny veteran on January 1844), killed by mutineers at Sialkot, the active list of a lower rank than Field-marshal. 9th July. There was also then, living in Delhi, in Asst.-Surgeon Hartwell Samuel Garner (11th Daryaganj, an old lady, who lived there when February 1845), killed by mutineers at Sigauli, the Mutiny broke out, and who had formed one 23rd July. of the crowd of fugitives to the , Asst.-Surgeon Robert Dallas Dove Allan on the 11th May 1857. (20th March 1845), killed at Cawnpore, 27th As is well known, the Mutiny was practically June. confined to the Bengal army, including the Asst.-Surgeon Thomas Moore (20th Janu- mutineers on road from irregular corps in Rajputana and Central India. ary 1847), killed by We would naturally expect, therefore, that the Cuttack to Sambalpur, 17th November. medical officers who lost their lives in the struggle Asst.-Surgeon William Barker MacEgan (9th belonged for the most part to the Bengal service. March 1847), killed by mutineers at Jhansi, As a matter of fact, all the I. M. S. officers who 7th June. were killed were Bengal men. They numbered Asst.-Surgeon Robert Lyell (25th September twenty-eight, of whom no less than nine, 1847), killed by mutineers at Patna, 3rd July. one-third of the whole, perished at Cawnpore. Asst.-Surgeon Horatio Philip Harris (7th It is not known with certainty how all of those April 1848), killed at Cawnpore, 12th June. nine died. For instance, acting Superintending Asst.-Surgeon George Hansbrow (4th Febru- Surgeon Christopher Garbett is stated, in an ary 1849), killed by mutineers at Bareli, 31st obituary notice in the Lancet of 14th November May. 1859, to have died of wounds; in the list of casualties in the India * East Register he is said Mrs. Bartrum was in the Lucknow Residency throughout to have died of fever in Wheler's the . Her husband, who was with the relieving force, entrenchment, was shot the head on 26th September 1857, the day before the final through surrender. Of the other 27, two sifter the first of that force had entered the Residency. She were title killed in action, T. H.Wood- subsequently published her experiences under the Asst.-Surgeon "A Widow's Reminiscences of the ." 12mo. ward before Delhi on 3lst August 1857, and Asst.- Ni?bet &Co., , 1858. THE INDIAN MEDICAL GAZETTE. [Jan., 1908.

Assfc.-Suvcreon John* Pierce (20th Bowling of Arrah. He died on board the on his December killed at 27th June. Ceylon 1851), Cawnpore, way home on 6th November I860.* (4th Asst.-Surgeon Anthony Dopping April No officer of the service, as far as killed mutineers, Delhi, 11th May. Bombay 1854), by I can ascertain, lost his life in the Of Robert Bartrum (11th Mutiny. Asst.-Surgeon Henry the Madras none were killed in in advance on service, though actually January 1855), action, four died the in the 26th killed, during Mutiny Lucknow, September. disturbed area. Marcus Hill Asst.-Surgeon George (24th William Sceales killed mutineers, Surgeon Henry (25th January 1855), by , died at on 24th June 2nd June. January 1841), Dinapur 1858, of on and Daniel dysentery brought by fatigue Asst.-Surgeon Macauley (4th August while in Sir E. killed at 15th exposure serving Lugards 1855), Cawnpore, July. division. Edmund Asst.-Surgeon Darby (20th February Porter died of wounds in Lucknow, Asst.-Surgeon Ridlej' (13th January 1856), Residency, died at 17th 1857. 27th October. 1853), Jabalpur, September Dunman Feb- William Henry James (20th Asst.-Surgeon George (24th Asst.-Surgeon ruary died at Kirwer, 14th June killed mutineers, 1853), Camp February 1856), by Agar, 1858. Central India, 4th July. John Stafford Bush Thomas Hewlett Woodward Asst.-Surgeon (20th Asst.-Surgeon 15th killed in action, Delhi, February 1856), died at Kampti, August (20th February 1856), 1857. 31st August. The first accounts of the outbreak of the Thomas Cary (4th Asst.-Surgeon Henry which reached were December killed mutineers, Mutiny partly 1856), by Mehidpur, fact and officers were 8th November. partly rumour. Many as who had in fact survived, and In addition to those killed, many reported killed, actually lived for In the Lancet of other officers succumbed to disease and to the long afterwards. 26th is a list medical officers hardships of the At least ten men September 1857 campaign. killed in the which includes the names of the service thus lost their lives. Mutiny, Bengal of re r June John Macdonald (27th Assistant-Surgeon Joseph Fay (29th Surgeon Bannatyne who was to live for half died of cholera in Lucknow 1850), fated nearly February 1830), a as 21st 8th 1857. century longer, and died so recently Residency, August and Richard Thomas Hunter May 1907; of Surgeon Henry Surgeon Christopher (24th who lived till 11th died at 28th March 1858. Oakley (8th January 1842), July 1834), Cawnpore, December 1900. William Rolfe (22nd Decem- Surgeon Amys Such in the received ber 1840), died in Calcutta, 4th August 1857. mistakes, early reports from were and indeed Surgeon James Anderson Nisbet (2nd April India, natural enough; inevitable. But in the East India 1844), died at Multan, 9th March 1858. Register for an official issued several Asst.-Surgeon Thomas Mawe (4th March 1858, publication, months after the the name of Assistant- 1844), died of and exposure at Manipur, event, fatigue William Ireland (4th Banda, after escape from the massacre at Jhansi, Surgeon Wotherspoon 28th August 1856), is shewn among the Bengal June 1857. " as 26th William Sutherland Stiven casualties, killed before Delhi, July Asst.-Surgeon 1857." His described in the (10th died at Allahabad, 27th injuries are thus September 1846), Lancet of ''A ball had February 1858. 7th November 1857. entered the the William Gardiner Morris eye, and passed below brain, Asst.-Surgeon out He had a (20th November 1848), died at Delhi, 13th coming near the ear second a charac- January 1858. wound, though of less serious ter, a ball entered the shoulder, which Asst.-Surgeon John Kirk (4th August 1855), having was found in his back." (The action at died at Attock, 21st July 1857. lodged Najafgarh, in which Dr. Ireland was wounded, William Chavasse Asst.-Surgeon Boyle (20th was on 25th 1857, not July). 2nd November fought August February 1856), died at Meerut, It is not to be wondered at that such wounds 1857. were supposed to be mortal. Dr. Ireland, Shaw Asst.-Surgeon William Joseph (4th however, recovered more or less, but had to August 1856), died of phthisis at Dilkusha, take sick leave in 1858, which was extended 27th Lucknow, November 1857. up to three years, at the end of which, being Asst.-Surgeon Frederick Christian Bushman still unfit to rejoin duty, he resigned the (4th December 1856), died at Barkata, 20th service, from 1st August 1861. He is still alive, dis- January 1858. and well known as a specialist in mental Others, who survived the actual eases, and as the author of several books on campaigns, " contracted disease which fatal before his own including The Blot on the proved subject," and the Gate." long. As one of such may be mentioned John Brain," Through Ivory

James Halls June Civil * (10th 1854), Surgeon Dr. Halls wrote a short account of the Siege, Two of Shahabad, who was one of the defenders Months in' Arrah in 1857." 12mo. London: Longmans & Co., 1800, Jan., 1908.1 THE MEDICAL SERVICES IN THE MUTINY.

Many medical officers were wounded during Among the officers mentioned in General the I have been able to collect the Wilson's despatch, reporting the of campaigns. " capture following cases, from war services" and other Delhi, are the following medical officers :? sources. Superintending Surgeon Edmund Tritton Surgeon William Abbot Green (B. 6th June (Bengal, 4th December 1825.) 1830), shot through the thigh at the disarma- ment of at 17th November Officiating Superintending Surgeon Campbell the Sepoys Dakka, Mackinnon 30th March 1857. (Bengal, 1830). J. H. Ker-Innes, 60th Rifles, Surgeon (B. 9th July 1835), Surgeon (A.M. D.) the sole survivor of the Kabul massacre in Surgeon Edward Hare, 2nd Fusiliers, (Bengal, 24th January -1842, shot through the loins while February 1839). sitting at dinner in Gubbins' house in the Surgeon James Peter Brougham, First Fusi- Lucknow Residency, 21st July, 1857 (Fayrer's liers (Bengal, 8th March 1840). David Medical Rtminiscences, page 179). Surgeon Scott, Storekeeper, Assistant-Surgeon Nathaniel James Grant (Bengal, 20th December 1845). (B. 18th December 1853), dangerously wounded Assistant-Surgeon J. J. Clifford, 9th Lancers, in action with rebel cavalry at Rohni, June, (A. M. D). 1857. Assistant-Surgeon W. F. Macintyre, Com- Assistant-Surgeon William Watson (B. 1st mander-in-Chief's Staff (A. M. D.). August 1854), slightly wounded in head at The General Order issued by the Governor- Sasia Ghat, , 5th July 1857. General [Lord Canning] in Council, No. 1383, Assistant-Surgeon William Henry Hayes dated Fort William, 5th November 1857, on (B. 4th August 1855), wounded near Chaibasa, the , includes the following tribute in a rising in the Kol country, 14th January to the medical officers:?"The arrangements 1858. made by Superintending Surgeon E. Tritton, Assistant-Surgeon Archibald Hamilton Hilson for the care and comfort of the numerous (B. 29th January, 1857), wounded severely in patients in hospital, have been most satisfactory, face by a musket ball. and the Governor-General in Councilhas pleasure Assistant-Surgeon James Lumsdaine (Bo. in offering to that officer, as well as to the 10th November 1852), wounded at battle of regimental and staff officers of the Medical Kunch, Central India. Department by whom he was supported, this Assistant-Surgeon William Ashton Shepherd acknowledgment of their good service." (Bo. 9th December 1852), slightly wounded in Brigadier Inglis mentions the names of the action at Ambapani, while serving with the following medical officers in his despatch on the Satpura Field Force. siege of Luck now :? Assistant-Surgeon John Cruickshank (Bo. Surgeon WilliamBrydon, 71st Native Infaatry 20th February 1856), severely wounded in the (Bengal 9th July 1835). storm of Jhansi, where he accompanied the Surgeon John Campbell, 7th Light Cavalry storming party. (Bengal, 22nd December 1840). Assistant-Surgeon Thomas Miller (Bo. 19th Surgeon George Mathieson Ogilvie, Sanitary November 1856), severely wounded in the Commissioner (Bombay, 9th March 1841). storm of Jhansi. Assistant-Surgeon Boyd, 32nd Foot (A. M. D.). The Army Medical Department lost many Assistant-Surgeon Joseph Faj'rer, Civil Sur- killed and wounded during the campaign. I geon (Bengal, 29th June, 1850). regret that I am not able to give information Assistant Surgeon Samuel Bowen Partridge, about the A. M. D. so fully as about the I. M. S.; 2nd Oudh Irregular Cavalry (Bengal, 12th but among their casualties were the following:? October 1852). Assistant-Surgeon S. Moore, First Dragoon Assistant-Surgeon Henry Martineau Green- Guards, killed at Delhi. how (Bengal, 20th January 1854). Surgeon Stack, 86th Foot, killed in the storm Assistant-Surgeon Robert Bird, Artillery, of Jhansi. (Bengal, 4th August 1855). Surgeon J. H. Ker-Innes, 60th Rifles, wound- Assistant-Surgeon Edmund Darby (Bengal, ed at Delhi. 20th February 1856). Assistant-Surgeon S. A. Lithgow, 75th Foot, Sir Hugh Rose, in his despatch on the Central wounded at Delhi. India Campaign, mentions the following medical D- I. G. William Cruickshank, died at Simla, officers, confirming a report of Superintending from the effects of service in the field, 5 th Surgeon Francis Shortt Arnott (Bombay, 19th November 1858. February 1829). Assistant-Surgeon Paternon Allen, F. Troof, Surgeon David Ritchie, Field Surgeon (Bom- Horse Artillery, died at Jaitpur, Bandalkand, bay, 11th August 1831). of fever brought on by heat and exposure, 23rd Surgeon William Mackenzie, 3rd Hyderabad December 1858. Cavalry (Madras, 14th January 1835). Surgeon R. Dowse, 70th Foot, died of fever, Surgeon John Deas, 3rd (Bombay, on the Cavalry march to Multan, 4tli February 1859, 20th March 1837). THE INDIAN MEDICAL GAZETTE. [Jam., 1908.

Surgeon James Vaughan (Bombay, 2nd Feb- 22nd March 1859.?Superintending Surgeon ruary 1842). F. S. Arnott (Bombay, 19th February 1829), Surgeon Stack, 86th Foot, shot dead at storm Central India. of Jhansi, (A. M. D.). 22nd March. 1859.?Surgeon William Mac- Surgeon Stuart, 14th Light Dragoons (A.M.D.) kenzie (Madras, 14th January 1835), Central Assistant-Surgeon George Nayler (Bombay, India. 20th October 1852). May 1859.?D. I.-Q. John Charles Graham Lord Clyde (Sir Colin Campbell) in his Tice (A. M. D.). despatch, dated 21st February 1859, announcing May 1859.?D. I.-G. Francis William Innes the final recapture of Lucknow, which brought (A. M. D.). the Mutiny to an end, as far as large operations May 1859.?]). I.-G. John Fraser (A. M. D.). were much still remained to concerned, though Charles Alexander be done in the of down scattered May 1859.?Surgeon way hunting Gordon, 10th Foot, M. and into rebellious (A. D.). parties bringing subjection James Gordon tracts of acknowledges the services of May 1859.?Surgeon Inglis, country, 64th Foot M. the Medical Department as follows :? (A. D.). " 1859. 78th Foot To His the Honourable May Surgeon Joseph Jee, Excellency Right (A. M. the Governor-General, Head Quarters Camp, D.). The which had Lucknow, 21st, 1859. Army Medical Department, " February won Crosses in the My Lord?The military operations in the already three Victoria Crimea,* three more in the as follows:? Presidency of Bengal, which ensued on the gained Mutiny, great Mutiny of 1857, having happily been now Surgeon (afterwards Surgeon-General and brought to a close, I have the greatest satisfac- C. B.) Herbert Taylor Reade, 61st Foot, at storm tion in recommending warmly to your Ex- of Delhi, 14th and 16th September 1857. cellency's protection two great departments of Surgeon (afterwards Inspector-General and the military administration, to which the troops C. B.) Joseph Jee, 78th Foot, Ross-shire Buffs, and the officers who have commanded them in at first relief of Lucknow, 25th September 1857. their are under real and long campaigns great Surgeon (afterwards Surgeon-General and to the medical and com- obligations. I allude K. C. Dickson Home, at first relief missariat B.) Anthony departments. of Lucknow, 26th 1857. "The of officers September former, being composed The older members of the service will re- to the two services, has shone belonging equally member Sir Home as P. M. 0., H. M.'s in the matters of and of Anthony general organisation Forces in in the He The Director-General, India, early eighties. got regimental arrangements. his K. C. B. as P. M. 0. in Ashanti. Dr. Forsyth, and the Inspector-General of Her The Honours in celebration of the Majesty's Forces, Dr. Linton, C.B., in Calcutta, given King's on include C.B.'s have worked successfully to meet the great birthday 28th June 1907, 37 to veterans, in celebration of the requirements made on them; and the staff and given Mutiny regimental medical officers have well maintained fiftieth anniversary of the campaign. Among them were T. Tarrant and the credit ot their noble and the Surgeon-General profession, and reputation for self-sacrifice which to the Deputy Surgeon-Generals E. M. Sinclair belongs of M. the Surgeons of Her Armies,?a reputation A. Eteson, the two former the A. D., Majesty's last of the Medical Service. All which is maintained in the field on all occasions, Bengal three, of from the as well as in the most trying circumstances of course, have long since retired Army. the hospital." Four Assistant-Surgeons of the Bengal Service "Clyde, General, Commander-in-Chief, East received brevet promotion to Surgeon, viz., Indies." J. Fayrer, H. M. Greenhow, and R. Bird, all for A number of medical officers received the the defence of Lucknow ; and Joseph Walter Companionship of the Bath, for their services in Raleigh Amesbury (11th January 1851;; all the Mutiny. dated 14th August 1860. The mutiny services of the a 19?& Surgeon last-named include commanding troop January 1858.?Superintending of the third and Edmund Tritton (Bengal, 4th December 1825), Oudh Irregular Cavalry, raising Delhi. a troop of volunteer cavalry which served under Generals 24>th March 1858.?Surgeon John Campbell Neill and Havelock. Assistant-Surgeon Mills 1st June 1846) Brown (Bengal, 5th July 1836), Delhi. Henry Uannon (Bengal, was also a of 16

Not long after the end of the Mutiny, three of the Asst.-Surgeons who served in the Residency throughout the defence of Lucknow, were posted to important civil appointments in Calcutta; Fayrer to the Professorship of Surgery, and Partridge to that of Anatomy, in the Calcutta Medical College, and Bird to the Civil Surgeoncy of How rah. Now, when over half a century has passed since the beginning of the Mutiny, there are still living, on the retired list, nearly one hundred officers of the I. M. S., who entered the service over fifty years ago. The number of survivors speaks well for the physical strength and vitality of our predecessors. We give their names below. Those marked with an asterisk have the Mutiny to their credit among their war services. Drs. Rinton, Macrae, Elton, and Mactier, also served in the first Sikh War, the Sutlej campaign ; Hinton, Maxwell, and Ray, in the second Sikh War, the Punjab campaign ; G. S. Sutherland, Williamson, and Ross, in the Crimean War.

Pre-Mutiny Officers of the 1. M. S. still surviving. Bengal.

* H. B. ... 14-1-39 Eteson, A. ... 20-5-54 Hinton, * A. C. ... 24-1-39 W. .. 1-8-54 Macrae,* Watson, H. ... P. F. ... 6-9-54 ' Elton, 9-9-43 Bellew, W. F. ... 3-12-44 Macnamara, N. C. 4-11-54 * Mactier, * ... J. * Maxwell, T. 26-1-46 Locli, H. ...20-12-54 C...... * Webb, K. 1-7-46 Amesbury, S. C. 14-1-55 Brown, J. B. S. . 20 10-46 Mantell, A. A. ... 24-1-55 Small, D. H. ... 21-11-46 Poole, G. K. ... 14 3-55 * Ray, G. H. ... 3-1-47 Watson G. A. ... 4 8-55 * A. J. ...20-12 48 B. ... 4-8-55 *Payne, * Kendall, R. ... 1-1-49 J. ... 4-8-55 * Parker, * Fairweather, ... E. 9-6-51 ... * Mackellar, Planck, C. 4-8-55 He * A. C. C. 29-7-51 F. .. 4-8-55 * Renzy, * Carter, A. .. .. * 20-10-51 W. H. 4-8-55 Christison, * Hayes, J. C. ... 24-11-51 J H. ... 9-1-56 Corbyn, * Thornton, Beatson, W. B. ... 30-6-52 Powell, F. ... 20-2-56 E. .. *Silver, D. 20-7-52 Ince, J. ...20 2-56 * ... * Paske, C. T. 26-8-52 Jones, J. ... 20-2-56 Tuson, J E. .. 17-6-53 Dallas, A. M. ... 20-2-56 * Simpson, B. ... 20-10-53 Ireland, W. W. ... 4-8-56 * Grant, N. J. ... 18-12 53 C. E. W. ... 4-8-50 * Bensley. Duka, T. .. 4-1-54 W. S. ...29-1-57 * Caldwell, Lawrence, J. J. T. ... 20-1-54 G. S. ... 4-8 57 * Sutherland, ... Greenhow, H. M. 20-1-54 E. ... 4-8 57 * Bonavia, J. ... Farncombe, B. 20-2-54 Dickson, L. F. ... 4-8-57 Sutherland, P. W. . 6-5-54

Madras.

* Macleod, A. C. ... 8-3-41 Busteed, H. E. ... 4-8-55

H. ... Young, 81-42 Williamson, B. ... 11-1-56 Fuz * Gerald, P. G. ... 20-3-46 Bidie, G. ... 20-2-50 Van Someren, W. J. 4-7-46 Hetfernan, J. J. ... 20-2-56 Paul J. L. ... 20-1-50 Henderson, J. ... 20-2 56 t.olvin , Smith, C. ...3-11-51 Gamack, A. C. ... 4-8-50 * ? Harris, W. H. ... 13-2-53 Ross, J. 29 1-57 W. Rean, H. ..14-5 53 Heard, S. T. ... 29-1 57 C. U>oper, ...20-11-53 Beaumont, T. ... '29 1-57 * Wyndowe, S J. ... 24-3-54 Kelly, W. P. ...29-1-57 * Beaman, A. H. ... 10-6-54 Smith-Wynne,W. A. 29-1-57 G- Marr> ... 24-1-55

Bombay.

Reynolds, J. ... 3.7.45 Cook H. ...24-1-55 ?- J- 3-5-46 Dick, R. ... 24-1-55 M;nest?r'J- ... 3-4 48 Seward, G. E. 4-8-55 51.8' B* 20-5-51 Pinkerton, J. ... 1-8-55 fe ^T- * H. C. ... AhoroJd, 20-^-52 Joynt, C. ... * 20-2-56 F. S. ... p^^an, 10-9-53 Gates, W. E. ... 20-2-56 W- P* ??? ??? 3-7-54 Colston, C. K. ... 20-2-56 R?,?i * R- ?? 4-10-54 Miller, T. ... 19.11.56 S2 E," G. Joiidwood, ...20-10-54 By ramj i, R. 29-1-57 Niven, W. ... 24-1-55