DOCSLIB.ORG

Historic Structure Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Historic Structure Report CAPE HATTERAS NATIONAL SEASHORE BODIE ISLAND LIGHTHOUSE & OIL HOUSE HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORT Cultural Resources Division Southeast Regional Office National Park Service December 2004 The historic structure report presented here exists in two formats. A printed version is available for study at the park, the Southeast Regional Office of the National Park Service, and at a variety of other repositories. For more widespread access, this historic structure report also exists in a web- based format through the web site of the National Park Service. Please visit www.nps.gov for more information. Cultural Resources Division Southeast Regional Office National Park Service 100 Alabama Street, SW Atlanta, GA 30303 404.562.3117 Bodie Island Lighthouse & Oil House Cape Hatteras National Seashore Manteo, NC 27954 http://www.nps.gov/caha About the cover: Bodie Island Light Station, HABS # NC- 395-5, photographed by Jon Buono; LCS#: 00114. Cape Hatteras National Seashore Bodie Island Lighthouse and Oil House Historic Structure Report http://crs.sero.nps.gov/historic/hsr/malu Contents List of Figures . vii Foreword . xv MANAGEMENT SUMMARY Executive Summary . 1 Administrative Data . 7 Locaton Data . 7 Related Studies . 7 Cultural Resource Data . 7 PART 1 DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY Historical Background & Context . 9 Chronology of Development & Use . 21 Physical Description . .53 Summary of Historic Character . 53 Associated Site Features . 54 Exterior Materials Finishes and Characteristics . 55 Interior Materials Finishes and Characteristics . 68 Summary Description of Interior Conditions . 81 Tower Levels 1 – 7 (LH/101-LH/107) . 87 Tower Level 8 / Service Room (LH/108) . 88 Tower Level 9 / Watch Room (LH/109) . 88 Tower Level 10 / Lantern Room (LH/110) . 89 Structural Evaluation . 90 Loads and Stress Evaluation . 96 Electrical Evaluation . 100 Bodie Island Lighthouse HSR v PART 2 TREATMENT & USE Requirements for Treatment & Use . 105 Alternatives for Treatment & Use . 109 Ultimate Treatment & Use . 111 CONDITION ASSESSMENT Introduction . 119 Project Identification . 119 Project Statement and Purpose . 119 Definitions . 120 List of Abbreviations . 121 Inspection Team Information . 121 Methodologies . 121 Executive Summary . 123 Existing Conditions . 129 Identification and Management Information . 129 Modifications and Dates . 129 Graphic Data . 130 Condition Assessment Data Summary . 130 Overview of Findings . 135 Specific Findings . 136 Structural Analysis . 137 Recommendations . 145 Cast Iron Components . 146 Masonry Components . 149 Glass Components . 151 Other Work . 151 Summarized Cost Data . 151 REFERENCE Sources of Information for Part 1 and Part 2 . 153 Sources of Information for Condition Assessment . 155 vi National Park Service SERO http://crs.sero.nps.gov/historic/hsr/malu List of Figures 1 Bodie Island Light, 1893. 11 2 1964 NPS photograph showing sign to nature trail. 15 3 Bodie Island Light Station, looking south, 2002. 18 4 Landing support beams in Tower. Beams were actually installed with manufacturer’s stamp upside down. Photo courtesy of Jack McCombs. 22 5 Drawing of original Bodie Island plaque. 23 6 Bodie Island Lighthouse, 1920s. Photograph courtesy of Cheryl Shelton-Roberts. Original in possession of John Gaskill. 25 7 Bodie Island, 1969. Observation platform to the right of Tower. 28 8 1989 USCOE photo showing cracked masonry in Oil Room interior chimney. 35 9 1989 USCOE photo showing deterioration of exterior edge of lantern gallery. 36 10 1989 USCOE photo showing missing lantern deck prisms. 36 11 1989 USCOE photo showing detached hinge on door to gallery.. 37 12 USCG close-up photograph of damage to stair treads, 1992. 40 13 USCG photograph of damage to stair treads, 1992. 40 14 Existing repairs to stair treads. 46 15 Historic plan of ground floor. 54 16 Stair configuration. 55 17 Original drawing of front door details. 58 18 Drawing detail of north elevation. 59 19 Photo of south elevation by U.S. Coast Guard, 1948.. 60 Bodie Island Lighthouse HSR vii 20 Drawing detail of Lighthouse base. 64 21 Oil House, Hall (OH/100) . 81 22 Plate XI, 1871 Drawings. 85 23 Well. 87 24 Dedication Plaque. 87 25 Watch Room ceiling insert made of prismatic glass. 89 26 Lens pedestal, original manufacturer’s brass plaque. 89 27 First order Fresnel lens. 90 28 South chimney above the Oil Room. 92 29 Three treads with notable cracks, below Landing #1. 93 30 Detail of vertical crack on south side of masonry wall.. 94 31 Detail of masonry repair located above landing support beam.. 95 32 Detail of water collecting on landing that accesses Service Room. 95 33 Detail of peeling paint in Watch Room. 96 34 View from Lantern Gallery. 96 35 Detail of handrail. 99 36 Detail of utility meter. 101 37 Detail of utility routing through door frame. 101 38 Detail of electrical line. 101 39 Detail of electrical wiring access to distribution panel. 101 40 Detail of distribution panel. 101 41 Lightning rod installed on gallery handrail. ..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cape Hatteras National Seashore
    05 542745 ch05.qxd 3/23/04 9:01 AM Page 105 CHAPTER 5 Cape Hatteras National Seashore Driving along Hatteras and Ocracoke islands national seashore and other nature preserves are on a narrow strip of sand with the ocean close wild and beautiful. Being here, it’s easy to on both sides, you may think that the Outer imagine what it was like when the first English Banks are a geographic miracle. Why should colonists landed more than 400 years ago, or this razor-thin rim of sand persist far out in the when the Wright brothers flew the first airplane sea? How wild it seems, a land of windy beach over a century ago. Both events are well inter- with no end, always in motion, always vulner- preted at their sites. The area is fascinating eco- able to the next, slightly larger wave. There’s so logically, too. Here, north and south meet, the much here to see and learn, and so much soli- mix of ocean currents, climate, fresh and salt tude to enjoy. You’re like a passenger on an water, and geography creating a fabulous diver- enormous ship, and unpredictable nature is the sity of bird and plant life at places like the Pea captain. Island National Wildlife Refuge (p. 124) and Oddly, many people don’t see Cape Hatteras Nags Head Woods Ecological Preserve (p. 124). this way. When they think of the Outer Banks, In this sense, the area is much like Point Reyes, they think of Nags Head or Kill Devil Hills, its counterpart on the West Coast, covered in towns where tourist development has pushed chapter 21, “Point Reyes National Seashore.” right up to the edge of the sea and, in many And for children, the national seashore is a places, gotten really ugly.
    [Show full text]
  • Beacons of the Coast
    National Seashore National Park Service Cape Lookout U.S. Department of the Inerior Beacons of the Coast Over a century ago, mariners travelling along the Atlantic coast encountered dangerous shoals and treacherous storms. Their guides were the beacons of light produced by lighthouses which helped mariners navigate the perilous coastline. For mariners traveling along the North Carolina coast, seven lighthouse beacons were constructed to guide them through an area known as the “Graveyard of the Atlantic.” Hundreds of shipwrecks occurred due to the dangers of this area. Today, the ships traveling the coast use modern tools such as radar and sonar. The beacons continue to operate, standing as a reminder of the hardships encountered by our ancestors to help settle the country. These seven lighthouses found on the North Carolina coast stand as pieces of our past. CURRITUCK BEACH LIGHTHOUSE This lighthouse was constructed from 1874 - 1875, and it lit the last dark spot on the Carolina coast between the Cape Fear lighthouse in Virginia and Bodie Island. The red brick lighthouse rises 158 feet above sea level. Unlike many other lighthouses that received distinctive day marks, Currituck was not painted. But its red brick is unique on the Carolina coast. It has a short light signal: 5 seconds on, 15 seconds off. There is a Fresnel lens still working in the lighthouse and it is activated from dusk to dawn. Currituck Lighthouse is open 10-6 daily from Easter to Thanksgiving weekend. You can walk to the top of the lighthouse. BODIE ISLAND LIGHTHOUSE This was the third lighthouse to be built on Bodie Island (pronounced “body”) and was constructed in the early 1870’s.
    [Show full text]
  • John White, Roanoke Rescue Voyage (Lost Colony)
    JOHN WHITE’S ATTEMPT Birmingham (AL) PL TO RESCUE THE ROANOKE COLONISTS Carolina coast__1590 John White, The Fifth Voyage of M. John White into the West Indies and Parts of America called Virginia, in the year 1590 *___Excerpts__ In 1587 John White led the third Raleigh-financed voyage to Roanoke Island; it was the first to include women and children to create a stable English colony on the Atlantic coast. Soon the colonists agreed that White should return to England for supplies. White was unable to return to Roanoke for three years, however, Theodore de Bry, America pars, Nunc Virginia dicta, due to French pirate attacks and England’s war with Spain. engraving after watercolor by John White, 1590 Finally, in August 1590, White returned to Roanoke Island. The 20 of March the three ships the Hopewell, the John Evangelist, and the Little John, put to sea from Plymouth [England] with two small shallops.1 . AUGUST. On the first of August the wind scanted [reduced], and from thence forward we had very foul weather with much rain, thundering, and great spouts, which fell round about us nigh unto our ships. The 3 we stood again in for the shore, and at midday we took the height of the same. The height of that place we found to be 34 degrees of latitude. Towards night we were within three leagues of the low sandy islands west of Wokokon. But the weather continued so exceeding foul, that we could not come to an anchor near the coast: wherefore we stood off again to sea until Monday the 9 of August.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of North Carolina Underwater Archaeology
    i BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NORTH CAROLINA UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY Compiled by Barbara Lynn Brooks, Ann M. Merriman, Madeline P. Spencer, and Mark Wilde-Ramsing Underwater Archaeology Branch North Carolina Division of Archives and History April 2009 ii FOREWARD In the forty-five years since the salvage of the Modern Greece, an event that marks the beginning of underwater archaeology in North Carolina, there has been a steady growth in efforts to document the state’s maritime history through underwater research. Nearly two dozen professionals and technicians are now employed at the North Carolina Underwater Archaeology Branch (N.C. UAB), the North Carolina Maritime Museum (NCMM), the Wilmington District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE), and East Carolina University’s (ECU) Program in Maritime Studies. Several North Carolina companies are currently involved in conducting underwater archaeological surveys, site assessments, and excavations for environmental review purposes and a number of individuals and groups are conducting ship search and recovery operations under the UAB permit system. The results of these activities can be found in the pages that follow. They contain report references for all projects involving the location and documentation of physical remains pertaining to cultural activities within North Carolina waters. Each reference is organized by the location within which the reported investigation took place. The Bibliography is divided into two geographical sections: Region and Body of Water. The Region section encompasses studies that are non-specific and cover broad areas or areas lying outside the state's three-mile limit, for example Cape Hatteras Area. The Body of Water section contains references organized by defined geographic areas.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Lost Fishing Gear Recovery Project: Call for Working Water Assistance
    2021 Lost Fishing Gear Recovery Project: Call for Working Water Assistance Applications Accepted Until December 15, 2020 The North Carolina Coastal Federation is currently accepting applications for “on-water” cleanup assistance relating to its annual Lost Fishing Gear Recovery Project. This project is open to commercial watermen and women in North Carolina. This project is funded by the N.C. Marine Fisheries Commission Commercial Resource Fund Committee and the Funding Committee for the N.C. Commercial Resource Fund under the Commercial Fishing Resource Fund Grant Program and is intended to improve habitat, water quality and support coastal economies. Eligible participants are selected for involvement in this program to help the federation and N.C. Marine Patrol remove lost fishing gear from coastal waters during the “no-potting” period. In January 2019, commercial watermen and women in partnership with Marine Patrol officers removed 3,112 pots from select areas in Districts 1, 2, and 3. The 2021 project will take place in select areas within all three Marine Patrol Districts statewide, during the closed seasons: o Jan. 1-31 north of the Highway 58 bridge to Emerald Isle o March 1-15 south of the Highway 58 bridge Compensation is $450 per boat per day. A captain and mate are required for each boat. Captain refers to the individual who is in charge of and provides the vessel. (A merchant mariner credential is not required for this project.) To be considered, captains must have a valid North Carolina standard commercial fishing license (SCFL). A copy of the license must be submitted with this application.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplemental Article to Where Is the Lost Colony?
    Challenges to living by the sea A supplement to the serial story, Where is The Lost Colony? written by Sandy Semans, editor, Outer Banks Sentinel The thin ribbon of sand that forms the chain of islands known as the Outer Banks is bounded on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and on the west by the sounds. The shapes of the islands and the inlets that run between them continue to be altered by hurricanes, nor’easters and other weather events. Inlets that often proved to be moving targets created access to the ocean and the sounds. Inlets were formed and then later filled with sand and disappeared. Maps of the coastline show many places named “New Inlet,” although currently there is no inlet there. The one exception has been Ocracoke Inlet between Ocracoke and Portsmouth islands. Marine geologists estimate that the existing inlet — with some minor changes — has been in place for at least 2500 years. During the English exploration of the 1500’s, most likely the ships came through this inlet, making it a long sail to Roanoke Island. At that time, there was a small shallow inlet between Hatteras and Ocracoke islands, but the shallow inlet probably was avoided for fear of going aground. By the early 1700s, this inlet had filled in, and the two became just one long island. But in 1846, a hurricane created two major inlets. One, now called Oregon Inlet, sliced through the sand, leaving today’s Pea Island to the south and Bodie Island to the north. And a second inlet, now known as Hatteras Inlet, once again separated Hatteras Island from Ocracoke Island.
    [Show full text]
  • Coral Reefs, Unintentionally Delivering Bermuda’S E-Mail: [email protected] fi Rst Colonists
    Introduction to Bermuda: Geology, Oceanography and Climate 1 0 Kathryn A. Coates , James W. Fourqurean , W. Judson Kenworthy , Alan Logan , Sarah A. Manuel , and Struan R. Smith Geographic Location and Setting Located at 32.4°N and 64.8°W, Bermuda lies in the northwest of the Sargasso Sea. It is isolated by distance, deep Bermuda is a subtropical island group in the western North water and major ocean currents from North America, sitting Atlantic (Fig. 10.1a ). A peripheral annular reef tract surrounds 1,060 km ESE from Cape Hatteras, and 1,330 km NE from the islands forming a mostly submerged 26 by 52 km ellipse the Bahamas. Bermuda is one of nine ecoregions in the at the seaward rim of the eroded platform (the Bermuda Tropical Northwestern Atlantic (TNA) province (Spalding Platform) of an extinct Meso-Cenozoic volcanic peak et al. 2007 ) . (Fig. 10.1b ). The reef tract and the Bermuda islands enclose Bermuda’s national waters include pelagic environments a relatively shallow central lagoon so that Bermuda is atoll- and deep seamounts, in addition to the Bermuda Platform. like. The islands lie to the southeast and are primarily derived The Bermuda Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) extends from sand dune formations. The extinct volcano is drowned approx. 370 km (200 nautical miles) from the coastline of the and covered by a thin (15–100 m), primarily carbonate, cap islands. Within the EEZ, the Territorial Sea extends ~22 km (Vogt and Jung 2007 ; Prognon et al. 2011 ) . This cap is very (12 nautical miles) and the Contiguous Zone ~44.5 km (24 complex, consisting of several sets of carbonate dunes (aeo- nautical miles) from the same baseline, both also extending lianites) and paleosols laid down in the last million years well beyond the Bermuda Platform.
    [Show full text]
  • An Historical Overviw of the Beaufort Inlet Cape Lookout Area of North
    by June 21, 1982 You can stand on Cape Point at Hatteras on a stormy day and watch two oceans come together in an awesome display of savage fury; for there at the Point the northbound Gulf Stream and the cold currents coming down from the Arctic run head- on into each other, tossing their spumy spray a hundred feet or better into the air and dropping sand and shells and sea life at the point of impact. Thus is formed the dreaded Diamond Shoals, its fang-like shifting sand bars pushing seaward to snare the unwary mariner. Seafaring men call it the Graveyard of the Atlantic. Actually, the Graveyard extends along the whole of the North Carolina coast, northward past Chicamacomico, Bodie Island, and Nags Head to Currituck Beach, and southward in gently curving arcs to the points of Cape Lookout and Cape Fear. The bareribbed skeletons of countless ships are buried there; some covered only by water, with a lone spar or funnel or rusting winch showing above the surface; others burrowed deep in the sands, their final resting place known only to the men who went down with them. From the days of the earliest New World explorations, mariners have known the Graveyard of the Atlantic, have held it in understandable awe, yet have persisted in risking their vessels and their lives in its treacherous waters. Actually, they had no choice in the matter, for a combination of currents, winds, geography, and economics have conspired to force many of them to sail along the North Carolina coast if they wanted to sail at all!¹ Thus begins David Stick’s Graveyard of the Atlantic (1952), a thoroughly researched, comprehensive, and finely-crafted history of shipwrecks along the entire coast of North Carolina.
    [Show full text]
  • Cape Fear Sail & Power Squadron
    Cape Fear Sail & Power Squadron We are America’s Boating Club® NORTH CAROLINA OCEAN INLETS Listed in order of location north to south Oregon Inlet Outer Banks. Northern-most ocean inlet in NC. Located at the north end of New Topsail Inlet Near ICW Mile 270. As of July Hatteras Island. Provides access to Pamlico Sound. 7, ’20, the inlet was routinely passable by medium Federally maintained.* See Corps of Engineers and small vessels at higher states of the tide. survey1 However, buoys were removed in 2017 due to shoaling, so the channel is currently unmarked. See Hatteras Inlet Outer Banks. Located between Corps of Engineers survey Hatteras and Ocracoke Islands. Provides access to Pamlico Sound. Once inside the inlet itself, the Little Topsail Inlet Located ½ N.M. SW of New passage of a lengthy inshore channel is required to Topsail Inlet. Not normally passable and does not access the harbor or navigable portions of Pamlico currently connect to navigable channels inshore. Sound. Rich Inlet Located between Topsail and Figure 8 Ocracoke Inlet Outer Banks. Located at S end Islands near ICW Mile 275. of Ocracoke Is. Provides access to Pamlico Sound. Once inside the inlet itself, the passage of a shifting Mason Inlet Located between Figure 8 Island and inshore channel named Teaches Hole is required to Wrightsville Beach island near ICW Mile 280. access the harbor or navigable portions of Pamlico Dredged in 2019 but not buoyed as of July 31, ’20. Sound. Buoyed & lighted as of June 29, ’19. See Corps of Engineers surveys1 (for the inlet) and (for Masonboro Inlet Located between Wrightsville Teaches Hole).
    [Show full text]
  • Hatteras Island FAM Itinerary April 15 – 19, 2013
    Hatteras Island FAM Itinerary April 15 – 19, 2013 The Outer Banks Visitors Bureau PR Team Aaron Tuell, PR Manager, OBVB office 252.473.2138 or [email protected] Martin Armes, OBVB PR Rep Dana Grimstead, Events and MarKeting Assistant, OBVB Media Guests WELCOME! Monday, April 15, 2013 12:30 PM Arrive NorfolK International Airport (Drive time is about 1 hour, 30 minutes) 1:00 PM Dana Grimstead gets the Key for “Southern Belle” rental home and drops off food for media cottage. 2:00 PM Lunch at Awful Arthur’s Oyster Bar in Kill Devil Hills 2106 N Virginia Dare Trail, Kill Devil Hills, NC 27948 252-441-5955 2:30 PM Call Josh Boles, National ParK Service, prior for tour of Wright Brothers. 3:00 PM Wright Brothers National Memorial - tour and flight room-talK with Josh. See where on a cold day in December, 1903 Wilbur and Orville Wright changed the world forever as their powered airplane, the “Wright Flyer”, sKimmed over the sands of the Outer BanKs for 12 seconds before returning to the ground. See the flight museum which still has exhibits from the First Flight Centennial Celebration. 5:00 PM Jomi, owner, Ketch 55 restaurant and catering gets into the home to begin prep for cooKing dinner. 6:00 PM ChecK into Rental Home, www.2OBR.com/450 “Southern Belle” in Avon, NC – 7 bedroom / 7 bath, 41375 Oceanview Dr, Avon, NC Home provided by Outer Beaches Realty 800.627.3150 www.OuterBeaches.com Alex J. Risser, President 800.627.3150 x3280 [email protected] Linda Walton, Guest Services Manager 252.995.7372 [email protected] 7:00 PM Dinner catered at Southern Belle rental home by Ketch 55, Avon Tuesday, April 16, 2013 Sunrise beach walK and Breakfast at your leisure.
    [Show full text]
  • Cape Hatteras Award: Larry Belli, Former Supt
    Information on all North Carolina Lighthouses can be found at http://www.outerbankslighthousesociety.org and http://www.outer-banks.com/lighthouse-society Society Visits USCG NATON Museum – Page 4 John Coble: Oldest Living Keeper? – Page 6 Volume XIII Number 1 Spring 2007 A Second Lighthouse on Hatteras Island? From Deep Freeze into the Limelight By James Charlet, Site Manager, Chicamacomico Life-Saving Station Historic Site Mr. Willard Forbes’ grandfather (above) es, there is! Almost everyone who lives in the Rodanthe-Waves-Salvo was keeper at the North River and Wade’s community – a village formerly called Chicamacomico – is familiar with the Point (below) Lighthouses. The North River YCommunity Center. Many of those same folks know that before the building light was damaged in 1918; sold to the was converted to the Community Center it was the Rodanthe School House. Dare County School System, and moved to Some of the residents still living on Hatteras Island attended that school. What Rodanthe in 1920 to be used as a schoolhouse. hardly any of them know, if any, is prior to that it was the North River Screwpile Now the structure, with modifications, is the Lighthouse! What a great story its evolution makes. Rodanthe-Waves-Salvo Community Center. Portrait courtesy of Willard Forbes As the Site Manager of Chicamacomico Life-Saving Station Historic Site, I am particularly pleased that we have the opportunity to break the news of this little- known story. The reason for that is simple: in their day, all life-saving stations were located in small remote villages and were the center of village life.
    [Show full text]
  • Cape Hatteras National Seashore, Bodie Island Life Saving Station & Boat House, Historic Structure Report
    Cape Hatteras National Seashore Bodie Island Life- Saving Station & Boat House Historic Structure Report 2005 For Cultural Resources, Southeast Region National Park Service By Joseph K. Oppermann - Architect, P.A. P.O. Box 10417, Salem Station Winston- Salem, NC 27108 336/721- 1711 FAX 336/721- 1712 [email protected] The historic structure report presented here exists in two formats. A traditional, printed version is available for study at the park, the Southeastern Regional Office of the NPS (SERO), and at a variety of other repositories. For more widespread access, the historic structure report also exists in a web- based format through ParkNet, the website of the National Park Service. Please visit www.nps.gov for more information. Cultural Resources Southeast Region National Park Service 100 Alabama St. SW Atlanta, GA 30303 (404) 562-3117 2005 Historic Structure Report Bodie Island Life- Saving Station & Boat House Cape Hatteras National Seashore Manteo, NC LCS#: Life- Saving Station #07243 Boat House #091897 Cover image: Bodie Island Life- Saving Station, before 1900. (Outer Banks History Center, North Carolina Division of Archives and History) BODIE ISLAND LIFE-SAVING STATION/BOAT HOUSE HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORT Cape Hatteras National Seashore, Nags Head, NC Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Project Team………………………………………………………………...…………………7 Executive Summary…………………………………………...……………………………….9 Administrative Data……………………………………………...…………………………………….……...13 PART I – DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY A. Historical Background and Context……………………………………………...…….I.A.1 Forces of Nature…………………………………………………………….I.A.1 What’s in a Name? Bodie Island…………………………………………... I.A.3 The Graveyard of the Atlantic……………………………………………... I.A.4 A National Life-Saving Service…………………………………….……… I.A.4 Getting Organized: 1871………………...…………………………………. I.A.5 Expanding the Service………………………………………………………I.A.6 Bodie Island Life-Saving Station………………………………………….
    [Show full text]