CAPE HATTERAS NATIONAL SEASHORE BODIE ISLAND LIGHTHOUSE & OIL HOUSE HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORT Cultural Resources Division Southeast Regional Office National Park Service December 2004 The historic structure report presented here exists in two formats. A printed version is available for study at the park, the Southeast Regional Office of the National Park Service, and at a variety of other repositories. For more widespread access, this historic structure report also exists in a web- based format through the web site of the National Park Service. Please visit www.nps.gov for more information. Cultural Resources Division Southeast Regional Office National Park Service 100 Alabama Street, SW Atlanta, GA 30303 404.562.3117 Bodie Island Lighthouse & Oil House Cape Hatteras National Seashore Manteo, NC 27954 http://www.nps.gov/caha About the cover: Bodie Island Light Station, HABS # NC- 395-5, photographed by Jon Buono; LCS#: 00114. Cape Hatteras National Seashore Bodie Island Lighthouse and Oil House Historic Structure Report http://crs.sero.nps.gov/historic/hsr/malu Contents List of Figures . vii Foreword . xv MANAGEMENT SUMMARY Executive Summary . 1 Administrative Data . 7 Locaton Data . 7 Related Studies . 7 Cultural Resource Data . 7 PART 1 DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY Historical Background & Context . 9 Chronology of Development & Use . 21 Physical Description . .53 Summary of Historic Character . 53 Associated Site Features . 54 Exterior Materials Finishes and Characteristics . 55 Interior Materials Finishes and Characteristics . 68 Summary Description of Interior Conditions . 81 Tower Levels 1 – 7 (LH/101-LH/107) . 87 Tower Level 8 / Service Room (LH/108) . 88 Tower Level 9 / Watch Room (LH/109) . 88 Tower Level 10 / Lantern Room (LH/110) . 89 Structural Evaluation . 90 Loads and Stress Evaluation . 96 Electrical Evaluation . 100 Bodie Island Lighthouse HSR v PART 2 TREATMENT & USE Requirements for Treatment & Use . 105 Alternatives for Treatment & Use . 109 Ultimate Treatment & Use . 111 CONDITION ASSESSMENT Introduction . 119 Project Identification . 119 Project Statement and Purpose . 119 Definitions . 120 List of Abbreviations . 121 Inspection Team Information . 121 Methodologies . 121 Executive Summary . 123 Existing Conditions . 129 Identification and Management Information . 129 Modifications and Dates . 129 Graphic Data . 130 Condition Assessment Data Summary . 130 Overview of Findings . 135 Specific Findings . 136 Structural Analysis . 137 Recommendations . 145 Cast Iron Components . 146 Masonry Components . 149 Glass Components . 151 Other Work . 151 Summarized Cost Data . 151 REFERENCE Sources of Information for Part 1 and Part 2 . 153 Sources of Information for Condition Assessment . 155 vi National Park Service SERO http://crs.sero.nps.gov/historic/hsr/malu List of Figures 1 Bodie Island Light, 1893. 11 2 1964 NPS photograph showing sign to nature trail. 15 3 Bodie Island Light Station, looking south, 2002. 18 4 Landing support beams in Tower. Beams were actually installed with manufacturer’s stamp upside down. Photo courtesy of Jack McCombs. 22 5 Drawing of original Bodie Island plaque. 23 6 Bodie Island Lighthouse, 1920s. Photograph courtesy of Cheryl Shelton-Roberts. Original in possession of John Gaskill. 25 7 Bodie Island, 1969. Observation platform to the right of Tower. 28 8 1989 USCOE photo showing cracked masonry in Oil Room interior chimney. 35 9 1989 USCOE photo showing deterioration of exterior edge of lantern gallery. 36 10 1989 USCOE photo showing missing lantern deck prisms. 36 11 1989 USCOE photo showing detached hinge on door to gallery.. 37 12 USCG close-up photograph of damage to stair treads, 1992. 40 13 USCG photograph of damage to stair treads, 1992. 40 14 Existing repairs to stair treads. 46 15 Historic plan of ground floor. 54 16 Stair configuration. 55 17 Original drawing of front door details. 58 18 Drawing detail of north elevation. 59 19 Photo of south elevation by U.S. Coast Guard, 1948.. 60 Bodie Island Lighthouse HSR vii 20 Drawing detail of Lighthouse base. 64 21 Oil House, Hall (OH/100) . 81 22 Plate XI, 1871 Drawings. 85 23 Well. 87 24 Dedication Plaque. 87 25 Watch Room ceiling insert made of prismatic glass. 89 26 Lens pedestal, original manufacturer’s brass plaque. 89 27 First order Fresnel lens. 90 28 South chimney above the Oil Room. 92 29 Three treads with notable cracks, below Landing #1. 93 30 Detail of vertical crack on south side of masonry wall.. 94 31 Detail of masonry repair located above landing support beam.. 95 32 Detail of water collecting on landing that accesses Service Room. 95 33 Detail of peeling paint in Watch Room. 96 34 View from Lantern Gallery. 96 35 Detail of handrail. 99 36 Detail of utility meter. 101 37 Detail of utility routing through door frame. 101 38 Detail of electrical line. 101 39 Detail of electrical wiring access to distribution panel. 101 40 Detail of distribution panel. 101 41 Lightning rod installed on gallery handrail. ..