Case Studies on Successful Southern African Nrm Initiatives and Their Impacts on Poverty and Governance

CASE STUDIES ON SUCCESSFUL SOUTHERN AFRICAN NRM INITIATIVES AND THEIR IMPACTS ON POVERTY AND GOVERNANCE ZIMBABWE: MASOKA AND GAIREZI February 2007 This publication is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of International Resources Group (IRG) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. CASE STUDIES ON SUCCESSFUL SOUTHERN AFRICAN NRM INITIATIVES AND THEIR IMPACTS ON POVERTY AND GOVERNANCE ZIMBABWE: MASOKA AND GAIREZI This report was written by RD Taylor and MW Murphree. IUCN South Africa Country Office International Resources Group P.O. Box 11536, Hatfield 1211 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Pretoria, 0028 Suite 700 Tel: +27 12 342-8304/5/6 Washington, DC 20036 Fax: +27 12 342-8289 202-289-0100 Fax 202-289-7601 www.iucnsa.org.za www.irgltd.com CONTENTS I General Introduction ....................................................................................... 1 1. FRAME Programme...................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Objectives ........................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Project Phases .................................................................................................................................1 1.3 Zimbabwe Case Study: CAMPFIRE............................................................................................2 2. Phase III: Case Studies ..............................................................................................................................2 2.1 Terms of Reference.......................................................................................................................2 2.2 Choice of Case Studies.................................................................................................................3 3. Methodology, research activities, dates................................................................................................4 3.1 Outline Followed............................................................................................................................4 3.2 General Checklist for Local Case Studies ................................................................................5 3.3 Checklist for Programm Level Activity .....................................................................................6 3.4 Activities and dates ........................................................................................................................6 II THE MASOKA CASE STUDY........................................................................ 8 1. Summary Description ...............................................................................................................................8 2. Background..................................................................................................................................................9 2.1 Environmental setting....................................................................................................................9 2.2 Demography and Livelihood Issues......................................................................................... 16 2.3 Resources Used or Managed.................................................................................................... 17 2.4 Institutions Responsible for Managing Resources................................................................ 17 2.5 Funding – Who, How Much, How Long................................................................................ 18 3. Detailed Description of the Project................................................................................................... 18 3.1 Goal ................................................................................................................................................ 18 3.2 Problem to be Resolved ............................................................................................................ 19 3.3 Description of Activities............................................................................................................ 20 4. Results ....................................................................................................................................................... 22 4.1 Livelihood Results ....................................................................................................................... 22 4.2 Equity, Cotton and Wildlife ...................................................................................................... 26 4.3 Natural Resource Results.......................................................................................................... 31 4.4 Governance Results.................................................................................................................... 39 4.5 Unexpected results..................................................................................................................... 44 5. Conclusions.............................................................................................................................................. 45 5.1 Lessons learned............................................................................................................................ 45 III THE GAIREZI CASE STUDY ....................................................................... 46 1. Summary description ............................................................................................................................. 46 2. Background............................................................................................................................................... 46 2.1 Environmental setting................................................................................................................. 46 2.2 Livelihood Issues.......................................................................................................................... 48 2.3 Resources Used or Managed.................................................................................................... 49 2.4 Institutions Responsible for Managing Resources................................................................ 49 2.5 Funding – Who, How Much, How Long................................................................................ 51 3. Detailed description of project ........................................................................................................... 51 3.1 Goal ................................................................................................................................................ 51 3.2 Problem to be resolved ............................................................................................................. 51 III 3.3 Description of activities............................................................................................................. 52 4. Results ....................................................................................................................................................... 54 4.1 Livelihood Results ....................................................................................................................... 54 4.2 Natural Resource Results.......................................................................................................... 55 4.3 Governance Results.................................................................................................................... 57 4.4 Unexpected Results.................................................................................................................... 59 5. Conclusions.............................................................................................................................................. 60 5.1 Lessons Learned .......................................................................................................................... 60 IV CONCLUDING REFLECTIONS .................................................................. 61 1. Importance of the Macro-economic and Policy Environment ..................................................... 61 2. Legitimations of Authority: “Traditional” or “Modern?”............................................................. 61 3. Proprietor–Client Relationships.......................................................................................................... 62 4. Leaders and Followers........................................................................................................................... 63 5. Institutional Memory.............................................................................................................................. 63 V LINKS TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION............................................................................................ 64 REFERENCES....................................................................................................... 66 IV LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Rivers and flow regimes in Kanyurira Ward, Dande Communal Land Table 2. Vegetation classification for Kanyurira Ward (after Cunliffe 1995) Table 3. The average number and density of elephant and buffalo estimated in Guruve South

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