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Thiago Aguiar De Pádua Análise Da Prática Centro Universitário de Brasília - UniCEUB Instituto CEUB de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento - ICPD Programa de Mestrado e Doutorado em Direito e Políticas Públicas THIAGO AGUIAR DE PÁDUA ANÁLISE DA PRÁTICA DECISÓRIA DO STF: O PRECEDENTE E AS 11 DIMENSÕES FUNCIONAIS DA “RATIO DECIDENDI” A PARTIR DE PIERLUIGI CHIASSONI Brasília, Dezembro de 2015 THIAGO AGUIAR DE PÁDUA ANÁLISE DA PRÁTICA DECISÓRIA DO STF: O PRECEDENTE E AS 11 DIMENSÕES FUNCIONAIS DA “RATIO DECIDENDI” A PARTIR DE PIERLUIGI CHIASSONI Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Direito, no Programa de Mestrado em Doutorado em Direito no Centro Universitário de Brasília. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jefferson Carús Guedes. Brasília, Dezembro de 2015 2 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) P123t. PÁDUA, Thiago Aguiar de. Análise da prática decisória do STF: o Precedente e as 11 dimensões funcionais da ‘ratio decidendi’ a partir de Pierluigi Chiassoni. – Brasília, 2015. 276f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Direito) – ICPD, UniCEUB. Orientação: Prof. Dr. Jefferson Carús Guedes. 1. Direito Constitucional. 2. Direito Processual. 3. Decisão Judicial. 4. Precedente. I. Título. CDD 3 THIAGO AGUIAR DE PÁDUA ANÁLISE DA PRÁTICA DECISÓRIA DO STF: O PRECEDENTE E AS 11 DIMENSÕES FUNCIONAIS DA “RATIO DECIDENDI” A PARTIR DE PIERLUIGI CHIASSONI Banca Examinadora1 11/12/2015, UniCEUB. __________________________________________ (Or.): Prof. Dr. Jefferson C. Guedes (PUC-SP/UniCEUB) http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4778783Y6 __________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Carlos Ayres Britto (PUC-SP/UniCEUB) http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4268649H3 __________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Alvaro Sales Ciarlini (UnB/IDP/UniCEUB) http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4137590T3 __________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Hermes Zanetti Jr. (UFRS/ROMA-Tre/UFES) http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4702309U3 __________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Jose Rossini Couto Corrêa (AWU/FATEFI/FATAI/UnB/UniCEUB) http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4787042T0 1 A(s) primeira (s) titulação (ões) refere(m)-se à(s) alma mater, e, a última, ao local onde exerce(m) à docência atualmente. 4 À Celina, Luzia, Mirian e Hermany. 5 AGRADECIMENTOS Ninguém chega a lugar algum sozinho. É falaciosa a construção imagética do “self-made-man”. Por este motivo, embora correndo o risco de cair no lugar comum dos agradecimentos artificiais e vazios, é preciso advertir que estas singelas palavras são insuficientes para descrever o sentimento de gratidão, carinho e atenção. Quatro categorias, não necessariamente heterogêneas ou dissociadas, foram indispensáveis para a conclusão deste labor: família, novos e velhos amigos, professores e funcionários do UniCEUB. A cada um destes grupos, o meu muito obrigado, que se expressa através da linguagem poética, para que eu possa despir a “armadura semântica” da liturgia acadêmica, na tentativa de dizer a todos o MEU MUITO OBRIGADO... A minha filha Celina, e minha esposa Mirian, por toda a atenção e dificuldades várias experimentadas durante esse duro período. A meu irmão Hermany, e minha mãe Luzia, igualmente, também, por todo o apoio. O Poeta Ferreira Gullar escreveu há alguns anos, sobre o amor, que: “Houve uma época em que eu pensava que as pessoas deviam ter um gatilho na garganta: quando pronunciasse – eu te amo -, mentindo, o gatilho disparava e elas explodiam”. Amo todos vocês, e digo que o gatilho não explodiu. Aos amigos Fábio Bragança, Ana Caroline Lima, João Paulo Echeverria, Fabio Furrier, Estêvão Waterloo, José (Zé) Pedro, Giullianno Caçula, Pedro Costa, Flávio Aurélio, Tiago Felipe, Mário Jorge, Paulo Cerqueira, Rafael Arcuri, Lucas Rivas, Victor Albuquerque, Márcio Lima, Luana Sandri, Jaílton Ferreira, Érica, Flávio, Humberto, André Andrade, Ariane Guimarães. A vocês, nesta lista não exaustiva, mas acolhedora, as palavras de Carlos Drummond de Andrade: “a amizade é um meio de nos isolarmos da humanidade cultivando algumas pessoas”. Tenho a certeza, entre tantas dúvidas, de que cultivei e fui cultivado. Agradeço aos mestres do PPG/UniCEUB; a meu orientador prof. Jefferson Guedes, e aos não menos indispensáveis Carlos Ayres Britto, Pablo Malheiros da Cunha Frota, Luís Carlos Martins Alves Jr., Antonio Suxberger, Bruno Amaral Machado, Arnaldo Moraes de Godoy, Inocêncio Mártires Coelho, Frederico Barbosa e Marcelo Varella. Institucionalmente, ao Centro Brasileiros de Estudos Constitucionais (CBEC/ICPD/UniCEUB), nas pessoas de Lílian Rose, Eduardo Mendonça, Dr. João Herculino de Souza Lopes Filho, Pedro Costa, Naiara e André Gontijo. Também o meu muito obrigado aos funcionários, assistentes e auxiliares administrativos, como a Marley, Yuri, Aline, Alexandre Magno e Ieda. Aprendi muito com todos, muito obrigado. Agradeço, por fim, ao professor Pierluigi Chiassoni e aos seus dedicados pesquisadores, por nos abriram as portas do Instituto Tarello e da Universidade de Gênova em maio de 2015, para um diálogo franco e aberto sobre sua visão sobre o Direito, e pela autorização para a tradução do artigo que se encontra em anexo nesta dissertação. 6 “Acho, porém, que numa conta analítica dos diversos tipos e sistemas, de relevância jurídica de precedentes judiciais, as situações em que um precedente-holding está sujeito a “exceções bem definidas” deve ser cuidadosamente mantido à parte das situações onde um precedente- holding pode estar sujeito, em vez disso, “às exceções não-bem definidas”. (...) Exceções a um precedente (holding) são bem definidos se (e apenas se), elas [as exceções] forem precisas e rigidamente redigidas e ordenadas de maneira fechada. Em sentido contrário, por outro lado, exceções a um precedente (holding) não serão bem definidas se (e apenas se), elas [as exceções] forem abertas e vagamente ordenadas. Tradução livre do original: “I think, however, that in an analytical account of the several kinds, and systems, of de iure relevance of judicial precedents, the situations where a precedent-holding is subject to “well-defined exceptions” should be carefully kept apart from the situations where a precedent-holding may be subject, instead, to “not-well-defined exceptions”. (…) exceptions to a precedent-holding are well-defined if, but only if, they are a closed, precisely worded, set. Contrariwise, exceptions to a precedent-holding are not-well-defined if, but only if, they are a open, vaguely worded, set.” (PIERLUIGI CHIASSONI). 7 RESUMO A presente pesquisa analisa a racionalidade decisória do Supremo Tribunal Federal a partir da utilização da MAD – Metodologia de Análise da Decisão, num recorte institucional, temático e decisório, sob a perspectiva classificatória e analítica do jurista genovês Pierluigi Chiassoni em sua filosofia do precedente e do modelo de reconstrução racional e analítica. Em termos gerais, as 11 tipologias de ratio decidendi são utilizadas com vistas a perquirir sobre a maneira pela qual o Supremo Tribunal Federal externa o seu agir decisório, encontrando neste tribunal um laboratório privilegiado para análise das decisões, uma vez que sua metodologia deliberatória constitui-se na possibilidade de os 11 juízes aportarem fundamentação por agregação (seriatim decisions) que não necessariamente constitui a “opinião da corte” (per curiam decisions). Realizando análise qualitativa, percebemos que o Supremo Tribunal Federal atua dentro de um sistema que atribui relevância fraca para os precedentes, tendo em vista a categorização dos 8 sistemas-tipo de Pierluigi Chiassoni, além de admitir que se realize, mesmo que implicitamente, a 5ª técnica do precedente, denominada de “estreitamento” (Narrowing Precedent), perceptível no caso da Reclamação nº 9428 frente ao paradigma da ADPF 130, trazendo incerteza e enfraquecendo a autoridade decisória do Tribunal. Palavras-Chave: Rationes decidendi; Supremo Tribunal Federal; Racionalidade Decisória; Precedente; 8 ABSTRACT This research analyzes the operative Supreme Court’s rationality from the standpoint of Decision Analysis Methodology – DAM, through an institutional and thematic observation among decision- making process, under the analytical perspective of Pierluigi Chiassoni, the Genoese jurist, in his philosophy of precedent and model of rational and analytical reconstruction. Overall, the eleven ratio decidendi typologies are used in order to assert about the way in which the Federal Brazilian Supreme Court outside its decisions. This Court is an ideal laboratory for judicial decisions analysis, since its deliberative methodology provides the possibility of all the 11 justices assail rationale for aggregation (seriatim decisions), that means, in this case, not necessarily an “opinion of the court” (per curiam decisions) construction. Performing a qualitative analysis, we find that the Federal Brazilian Supreme Court assigns low importance to the precedential system, considering Pierluigi Chiassoni’s 8 ideal- type systems. The Court admits, even implicitly, the use of the Precedent’s 5th technique, called “narrowing precedent”, noticeable in the RCL nº. 9.428 case, against the paradigm of ADPF 130, bringing uncertainty and weakening the decision-making authority of the Court. Keywords: Rationes decidendi; Federal Brazilian Supreme Court; Decision; Rationality; Precedent; 9 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO................................................................................................................................13
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