WP-T2 ASSESSMENT REGIONAL REPORT Deliverable 3.7.2 EURAC RESEARCH
Porrentruy - Canton of Jura
August 2017 • Eurac Research
WP-T2 Regional Report: Canton of Jura
Institution
Eurac Research Institute for Regional Development Viale Druso, 1 / Drususallee 1 39100 Bolzano / Bozen – Italy t +39 0471 055 300 f +39 0471 055 429 e [email protected] w www.eurac.edu
Authors
Clare Giuliani, MA Junior Researcher and Project Assistant Viale Druso 1, I-39100 Bolzano t +39 0471 055 435 f +39 0471 055 429 [email protected]
Christian Hoffmann Senior Researcher and Project Leader Viale Druso 1, I-39100 Bolzano t +39 0471 055 328 f +39 0471 055 429 [email protected]
Peter Laner GIS Expert Viale Druso 1, I-39100 Bolzano t +39 0471 055 438 f +39 0471 055 429 [email protected]
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Contents
1 Introduction ...... 4 2 Methodology ...... 5 3 Porrentruy – Canton of Jura ...... 6 3.1 Socioeconomic framework of the region (Deliverable 3.1.1) ...... 7 3.2 Demographic forecast (Deliverable 3.3.1) ...... 9 3.3 GIS maps visualising SGI (Deliverable 3.6.1) ...... 13 3.3.1 Supermarket ...... 16 3.3.2 Chemist’s shop ...... 18 3.3.3 Kindergarten ...... 20 3.3.4 Primary School ...... 22 3.3.5 Doctor ...... 24 3.4 Qualitative Information ...... 26 4 Reference ...... 29
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1 Introduction Vital and more ingenious goods and services are part of our everyday needs, consequently safeguarding public services is understood as a prerequisite for a high quality of life and attractiveness especially in rural regions. However, this right of service availability, which forms a precondition to lead a self-determined life, is increasingly in the discourse at European, national and regional level. Services of general interest (SGI) can be categorised into economic services (Services of General Economic Interest / SGEI) and non-economic services of general interest (Non-Economic Services / NSGIs) as well as social services of general interest (SSGI).1 The main challenges in the Alpine area affecting the supply of SGI are the aging society through demographic changes, the moderate inhabitant density, as well as depopulation associated with shrinking and de-growth processes. These developments impact, that basic services are endangered of no longer being supplied. The difference in the service supply depends on the available financial resources between municipalities, which affect the quality of service provision. To find new ways and possibilities of ensuring service delivery, the Interreg Alpine Space Project INTESI was initiated in 2016, which deals with integrated territorial strategies for services of general interest in the alpine space.
The INTESI project focuses on 10 test areas (TA) located in five alpine countries (Austria, Italy, Switzerland, France and Slovenia). The TAs were selected explicitly to be able to provide a realistic and explorative first overview situation of differences and similarities regarding the provision and regulation of SGI across the Alpine area. The objective of the project is to overcome the sectoral approach of SGI delivery and assure the delivery of SGI in the long term by promoting integrated territorial strategies (analysed in WP-T1 by the Slovenian partners) in the alpine space. For this purpose Eurac researchers of the Institute of Regional Development, responsible for WP-T2, designed regional profiles to compare the current SGI delivery of the TAs according to their availability (GIS maps), accessibility (spatial-statistics) and service quality (workshops and interviews). These, together with elaborated scenarios for the population forecast, serve to identify future challenges and provide a demand- orientated service delivery. The following TA report will first shortly describe the method used for the accessibility, demographic and qualitative analysis done. Secondly, the report provides the deliverables of the WP-T2 including the excel charts on the accessibility and distance and the GIS maps on SGIs accessible by car as well as by public transport. Furthermore, it includes the regional services available in the TA. Thirdly, it includes the demographic forecast followed by the qualitative information on the TA, which
1 Gløersen, E. et al., Research for REGI Committee- Services of General Interest in the Funding Period 2014-2020 (Study). European Parliament, Directorate-General for Internal Policies, 2016. 4 European Regional Development Fund
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depicts the personal view of the interviewed person and not a representative opinion of the local population. The synthesised report includes the comparison between the TAs as well as the main findings on the availability, accessibility and quality (strengths and weaknesses) regarding the provision of SGI.
2 Methodology
The assessment report (D.3.7.2) for each test area includes a short description of the methodology and the test area including a socio-economic description followed by the results of the SGI accessibility and quality analysis – GIS maps of SGI accessibility, demographic forecast, qualitative information.
For analyzing the major challenges, we used a combined methodology: First, we mapped the accessibility of five major services (supermarket, chemist, doctor, kindergarten and primary school) in GIS maps based on submitted addresses of the services within the selected municipalities and settlements of each TA. Therefore, a special excel template was developed (D.3.1.1), which also included selected socio-economic data. Secondly, we collected demographic figures (total inhabitants, inhabitants 0- 14 and 15-64 and people over 65 and the fertility rate) for the period from 1995 until the latest figures available (2013/2014/2015) for each TA to provide a demographic forecast (D.3.3.1). In the assessment reports (D.3.7.2) we decided to depict the charts of the cohorts (total average population, 0-14 and >65) from the years 2000-2030 for a comprehensive reason. This forecast should allow to detect, which services will be required in future. The variable of fertility rate however could not always be predicted and interpreted correctly due to missing values and the uncertainty of the variable. Thirdly, partners (in some cases together with Eurac project partners) conducted qualitative workshops or interviews (face to face or via telephone) with a selected group of stakeholders e.g. majors, service providers, local representatives to find out major challenges, strengths and future investments for every service sector (basic goods, education, health & social services, transport, telecommunication and administration). This information depicts the subjective opinion of the interviewed people and cannot be seen as a representative sample. It simply allows to see a trend, similarities or differences between the test areas.
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3 Porrentruy – Canton of Jura
Test area Canton of Jura The TA of the Canton of Jura-Porrentruy is located in the northwestern part of Switzerland, and it borders with the canton of Basel-Landschaft, the canton of Bern, the canton of Neuchatel, the canton of Solothurn and the French regions of Franche- Compté and Grand Est. The canton of Jura has a total of 64 municipalities in 3 districts (Porrentruy, Delémont and Franches-Montagnes). In the TA Porrentruy six municipalities were selected and analysed in detail regarding SGI.
Municipality Settlements Courtedoux Courtedoux Fontenais Fontenais Bressaucourt Villars-sur-Fontenais Grandfontaine Grandfontaine Chevenez Damvant Haute-Ajoie Roche-d‘Or Réclère Porrentruy Porrentruy Rocourt Rocourt
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Municipalities and settlements
3.1 Socioeconomic framework of the region (Deliverable 3.1.1)
Highest attained education Porrentruy, Canton du Jura 2015 100% 8,55 8,7 7,6 7,6 8,65 13,4 90%
80%
70% 46,6 44,4 46,2 48,8 46,1 60% 48,6
50%
40% 29,5 30% 30,5 16,6 28 27,5 38,4 20%
10% 21,4 14,4 17,4 15,6 17,8 7,8 0% Grandfontaine Rocourt Haute-Ajoie Porrentruy Fontenais Courtedoux
Tertiary Education (university degree) Secondary Education (a-level) Compulsory education Currently in education or without educational degree*
Highest attained education Porrentruy, Canton du Jura 2015
*Note: Eurac Research harmonized this figure, due to the different availability of this data in each TA. In all municipalities, most people have a secondary education, followed by those who have obtained a compulsory education degree. In Haute-Ajoie, the percentage of people in compulsory education is the highest. Porrentruy has the highest percentage of people with a university degree.
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Budget municipalities Porrentruy, Canton du Jura 2013 8.000 7.116 7.000 6.471
6.000
5.000 4.343 4.260 4.000
€/inhabitant * 3.000
2.000
1.000
0 Haute-Ajoie Porrentruy Fontenais Courtedoux
* exchange rate 1CHF=0,93€, rate from 11.04.2017 https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/euro_reference_exchange_ rates/html/eurofxref-graph-chf.en.html
Budget municipality Porrentruy, Canton of Jura 2013 The budget per inhabitant is the highest in Porrentruy and the lowest in Courtedoux. For the municipalities Grandfontaine and Rocourt there is no data available. There is no data on the numbers of in- and outgoing commuters. The employment rate data is solely available on the level of the Canton of Jura. 58% of the resident population (between 20-64 in employment, year 2013) is employed and 6.1% is unemployed. Regarding the employment sectors (2013), it is a very diverse picture. The primary sector is present in all municipalities and very strong in Porrentruy. In Rocourt the primary sector covers 69%, whereas there the secondary sector only covers 3%. The secondary sector is strongest in Courtedoux with 64%. The tertiary sector is the most dominant in Porrentruy with 75%. There is no data available for tourism.
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3.2 Demographic forecast (Deliverable 3.3.1)
Concerning the demographic situation of the municipalities, they were divided in three different clusters: (1) rural centers, (2) rural and (3) sparsely populated areas. In each cluster the age-cohorts (0-14; 15-64; >65) were simulated separately. By means of autoregressive ARIMA models the most probable demographic change was estimated, to understand thereof future needs for SGI in these municipalities until 2030. For each TA the historic demographic data series for the three age cohorts and in combination with the future outlook from 2000 until 2030 for different scenarios with 95% confidence interval was analysed in long-time data-series line-charts. For the demographic forecast, the municipalities of the 10 test areas were classified according to the following three categories: 1. peripheral centre (≥2.000 inhabitants) 2. peripheral rural areas (501 – 2.000 inhabitants) 3. peripheral and centre (≤500 inhabitants)
The classification of the test area Canton of Jura shows, that the test area has one peripheral centre, surrounded by rural and sparsely populated areas.
Population of the municipalities 2015
8.000 7.000 6.000 5.000 4.000
3.000 Inhabitants 2.000 1.000 0 peripheral and peripheral and peripheral rural peripheral peripheral ruralperipheral rural sparsely sparsely areas centre areas areas populated populated Grandfontaine Rocourt Haute-Ajoie Porrentruy Fontenais Courtedoux
Population of the municipalities in the Test Area Canton of Jura in 2015 (latest figures available)
Input data for the forecast of the age cohorts refer to values of the years 2000 and 2010 to 2015. The diagram curves below are showing interpolated values between the years 2001 and 2009. The forecast of total inhabitants bases on values from 1995 to 2015, which delivers a more reliable database.
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7.200 High Medium 7.000 6829 Low 6785 6774 6770 6.800 6687 6633 6.600
6.400 -0.6% -0.2% -0.1% Average Average population 6.200 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years
Canton of Jura peripheral centre- population forecast of total inhabitants
1.500
1.300 1145 1129 1130 1129 1128 1127 1.100
High 900 -0.1% -0.1% -0.1% Medium 700 Low Average Average population 500 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years
Canton of Jura peripheral rural areas - population forecast of total inhabitants
2.2% 2.5% 2.4% 400 294 274 280 287 249 260
200 High Medium Low Average Average population 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years
Canton of Jura peripheral sparsely populated areas - population forecast of total inhabitants The forecast of the average total population shows a stable trend in all three categories. Peripheral sparsely populated areas have a slightly increase of total inhabitants of ~ 2.4% every five years.
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1.500
1.300 14 - -7.2% -7.8% -8.5% 1.100 1007 942 862 900 800 High 738 675 700 Medium Low
Average Average pop. age 0 500 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years
Canton of Jura peripheral centre - population forecast of inhabitants aged 0-14
High 400
14 Medium - 1.2% 0.0% 0.6% Low
171 172 174 174 175 200
Average Average pop. age 0 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years
Canton of Jura peripheral rural areas - population forecast of inhabitants aged 0-14
High 400
14 Medium - 4.3% 0.0% 0.0% Low
200
47 48 47 49 49 49
Average pop. Average 0 age 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years
Canton of Jura peripheral and sparsely populated areas - population forecast of inhabitants aged 0-14
The number of population between 0-14-year is estimated to decrease in the peripheral centre of Porrentruy around ~ -7.5% every five years. This cohort shows a stable trend in rural and sparsely populated areas, but the absolute numbers are very small.
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2.250 2178 High 2.050 1960 Medium 1.850 Low 1742
1.650 1524
1.450 1278 1306 14.3% 12.5% 11.1%
Average Average pop. age >65 1.250 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years
Canton of Jura peripheral centre - population forecast of inhabitants aged 65 and above
High
400 Medium Low 270 286 240 255 211 224 200
6.3% 5.9% 5.9%
Average Average pop. age >65 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years
Canton of Jura peripheral rural areas- population forecast of inhabitants aged 65 and above
400 High Medium 24.2% 18.2% 16.5% Low 200 106 77 91 45 48 62
Average Average pop. age >65 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Years
Canton of Jura peripheral and sparsely populated areas - population forecast of inhabitants aged 65 and above
Signs of an ageing society are evident. The forecast of elderly people in the various classes are very different. People over 65 years in Porrentruy are increasing very fast.
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The forecast bases primarily on the years from 2010 to 2015, due to the missing data between 2001 and 2009. Please consider that these data are less trustful than the values of the total population. The increasing trend in rural areas of ~ 6% every five years and in sparsely populated areas of ~20% every five years is more evident.
The fertility rate was not able to be calculated due to the missing values.
3.3 GIS maps visualising SGI (Deliverable 3.6.1)
In the following chapter, the accessibility analysis based on excel charts and the used benchmark from the MORO study in Germany2 (dotted line in the chart) summarises the main findings of the five selected services (supermarket, chemist shop, kindergarten, primary school and doctor). After describing the accessibility of regional services (airport, train station, hospital and provincial capital), the GIS maps for the five selected services illustrating the accessibility in minutes by car and by public transport are depicted and shortly summarise the main point.
Accessibility of the SGIs by car (min.)
100%
80%
60%
40% Population
20%
0% Chemist's Primary Supermarket Kindergarten Doctor shop School < 5 min. 93% 80% 85% 93% 88% < 10 min. 100% 92% 100% 100% 99% < 15 min. 100% 97% 100% 100% 100% < 20 min. 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
< 5 min. < 10 min. < 15 min. < 20 min.
Accessibility of SGI in min by car
2 Burgdorf, M., Krischausky, G., Müller-Kleißler, R., 2015b: Kennzahlen in der Daseinsvorsorge, BMVI (Hrsg.), BMVI-Online-Publikation 01/2015. 13 European Regional Development Fund
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Comparing the surveyed accessibility by car of the selected SGI with the defined benchmarks3 a supermarket cannot be reached by 7% and a chemist’s shop not by 20% of the population of the six selected municipalities within 5 minutes by car. The entire population of the selected municipalities can reach a kindergarten or primary school within 15 minutes. Moreover, the entire population of the selected municipalities can reach a doctor within 20 minutes by car.
Accessibility of the SGIs by public transport (min.)
100%
80%
60%
40% Population
20%
0% Chemist's Primary Supermarket Kindergarten Doctor shop School < 5 min. 80% 63% 72% 80% 79% < 10 min. 93% 75% 83% 95% 88% < 15 min. 100% 79% 87% 100% 93% < 20 min. 100% 85% 94% 100% 93% < 30 min. 100% 93% 100% 100% 100%
< 5 min. < 10 min. < 15 min. < 20 min. < 30 min.
Accessibility of SGI in min by public transport Regarding the accessibility of the SGI by public transport, the entire population of the selected six municipalities can reach a kindergarten, primary school or doctor within 30 minutes. While 7% cannot access a supermarket and 25% a pharmacy within 10 minutes.
3 MORO Studie BMVI 2015: Kennzahlen in der Daseinsvorsorge. BMVI-Online-Publikation 01/2015. 14 European Regional Development Fund
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Distance of the SGIs (km)
100%
80%
60%
40% Population
20%
0% Supermarket Chemist's shop Kindergarten Primary School Doctor < 1 km 90% 63% 81% 90% 79% < 3 km 93% 80% 85% 93% 88% < 5 km 95% 82% 91% 95% 97%
< 1 km < 3 km < 5 km
Distance of SGI in km 7% of the population in the TA cannot reach a supermarket within 3 km. 12% of the population in the TA cannot reach a doctor and a 20% chemist’s shop within 3 km. Only 7% cannot reach a primary school and 15% cannot reach a kindergarten within 3 km.
Regional accessibility
The next airport is Basel, distant 68.72 km away from the farthest settlement Damvant. It takes 69 minutes to reach the airport by car from Roche-d’Or. By public transport, it takes a max. of 164 minutes from Damvant to reach the airport of Basel.
The next train station is located in Porrentruy, which is 16.49 km from the farthest settlement Damvant. It takes 22 minutes to reach the train station by car from Roche- d’Or. It takes 40 minutes from Damvant to reach the train station by public transport.
The next hospital is located in Porrentruy and is 16.24 km distant from Damvant. It takes 23 minutes from Roche-d’Or to reach the hospital. It takes 58 minutes by public transport from Damvant to reach the hospital.
The provincial capital Porrentruy is located 16.28 km away from Damvant and it takes 21 minutes from Roche-d’Or to reach the provincial capital by car. By public transport, it takes 43 minutes from Damvant to reach Porrentruy.
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3.3.1 Supermarket
Accessibility of the next supermarket in min by car 7% of the population of the six selected municipalities need more than 5 minutes to reach a grocery store by car. The maximum time4 to reach the next grocery store takes 10 minutes from Roche-d’Or.
4 This refers to the average time at a driving speed of 50km/h. 16 European Regional Development Fund
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Accessibility of the next supermarket in min by public transport 7% of the population of the six selected municipalities need more than 10 minutes to reach the next grocery store by public transport. The maximum time to reach a grocery store takes 14 minutes from Damvant.
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3.3.2 Chemist’s shop
Accessibility of the next chemist’s shop in min by car 20% of the population need longer than 5 minutes to reach a chemist’s shop by using a car. The maximum time to reach a chemist’s shop takes 20 minutes Roche-d’Or.
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Accessibility of the next chemist’s shop in min by public transport 25% of the population need longer than 10 minutes to reach a chemist’s shop by using the public transport. The maximum time to reach a chemist’s shop takes 36 minutes Damvant.
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3.3.3 Kindergarten
Accessibility of the next kindergarten in min by car 100% of the population of the selected municipalities can reach a kindergarten within 15 minutes by car. The maximum time to reach a kindergarten takes 12 minutes.
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Accessibility of the next kindergarten in min by public transport 100% of the population of the six municipalities can access a kindergarten within 30 minutes using public transport. The maximum time to reach a kindergarten in the test area takes 26 minutes from Réclère.
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3.3.4 Primary School
Accessibility of the next primary school in min by car 100% of the population of the selected municipalities can access the primary school by using a car within 15 minutes. The maximum time to reach a primary school takes 10 minutes from Roche-d’Or.
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Accessibility of the next primary school in min by public transport 100% of the population of the six municipalities can access a primary school by using public transport within 30 minutes. The maximum time to reach a primary school takes 14 minutes from Bressaucourt.
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3.3.5 Doctor
Accessibility of the next doctor in min by car 100% of the population of the six selected municipalities can reach a general doctor by car within 20 minutes. The maximum time to reach a doctor by car takes 12 minutes from Roche-d’Or.
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Accessibility of the next doctor in min by public transport 100% of the population of the six selected municipalities can access a general doctor within 30 minutes by public transport. The maximum time to reach a doctor takes 26 minutes from Damvant.
In the test area Canton of Jura the most distant settlement from all services is Roche- d’Or from which it also takes the longest to reach the services by car. Porrentruy has all services present close by and the services are best reachable by public transport. Only 0.3% of the population of the six municipalities do not have access to public transport within 15 minutes on foot.
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3.4 Qualitative Information
The qualitative information shows the subjective opinion of the interviewed stakeholders and political representatives therefore it cannot be seen as a representative sample.
Ajoie
-
Evaluation of SGI e (1 very bad -
5 very good) Courtedoux Fontenais Grandfontaine Haut Porrentruy Rocourt AVERAGE Basic goods 4 4 4 4 4 3 3.8 Education 3 5 5 5 5 5 4.6 Health/ social services 4 4 3.5 4 4.5 4 4 Transport 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Telecommunication 5 5 5 4 5 4 4.6 Administration 3 5 5 5 5 3 4.3 AVERAGE 4 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.8 4
Summary of all six municipalities according to SGI sectors
According to representatives of the canton of Jura the offer in SGI in the canton depends in general on the location. The regional centres are well served by different SGI. In the periphery, border area to France, it could come to a shortage in services due to the very dispersed settlements and a topography that hinders a good service delivery. However, the vicious circle of a decreasing population, over ageing and the retreat of services cannot be confirmed for the test area. The canton of Jura, with its 839 km2 and 72’800 inhabitant, is a small canton and travelling to a regional centre is very long from any location situated anywhere in the canton. A majority of the municipalities even faces a population increase. It can be said, that generally the interviewees are satisfied with the delivery of SGI. Challenges met in specific sectors are discussed below.
As far as administrative services are concerned the interviewed mayors of the test area estimates the offer in administrative services as satisfying. The opening hours – especially in the small municipalities - are restricted; however, they are adapted to the needs of commuters (extended opening hours in the evenings).
The offer of health services is qualified as satisfactory by the vice director of the cantonal health services. Especially regarding the 3 cantonal hospitals that cover all sorts of necessary services. The same is true for long-term health care of older people and home care. However, regarding “intermediate services between hospital and home care” such as “assisted apartments” and “centres de jour” the service offer is still in progress but not yet satisfying the needs. This opinion is also shared by a part of
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the interviewed mayors. Doctors are only located in Porrentruy, Fontenais and Chevenez (Haute-Ajoie). The mayors of municipalities without doctors say that this is not a problem since the driving distance is around 15 minutes.
Public transport: According to the delegate for public transport and mobility of the canton of Jura the offer in public transport is sufficient but there is still space for improvement. There is a strong demand; the use of public transport has increased by 60% in the last ten years. The share of public transport in mobility has grown from 13% in 2000 to 21.4% in 2010 (Switzerland, 18% in 2000 and 23.4% in 2010). This trend is very important for the delivery of transport services, as it is a legitimating argument to improve the service coverage in public transport. It is the objective of the transport and mobility unit of SDT to further improve the offer and achieve a share of 25% by 2025. The concrete measures planned are higher frequencies of busses and trains and extended bus services also during night hours. The test area is only served by busses. The interviewed mayors of the test area are in general satisfied with the offer in public transport. They say there is a very good synergy with the transport of pupils. Future investments are important to improve public transport; however, the resources in this field are particularly restrictive.
With regard to basic goods, Porrentruy as the regional centre counts several banks and post offices, as well as more than a dozen clothes and grocery shops. The mayors of the five, smaller municipalities in the neighbourhood mentioned that the post offices have closed since quite a long time (with the exception of Fontenais and Haute-Ajoie). In some cases the post offices were integrated into grocery store. There are grocery stores and/or banks remaining in Courtedoux, Fontenais, Haute-Ajoie and Grandfontaine. The mayors evaluate the offer in basic goods as sufficient since travelling by car to Porrentruy takes 10 to maximum 25 minutes depending on the geographical location of the municipality.
Regarding education the following has been revealed: The municipality of Courtedoux judges the offer in childcare as not sufficient, an initiative to build a crèche failed, the main reason for that was the lack in appropriate space. Other small municipalities like Rocourt, Fontenais and Grandfontaine do not have any childcare centre. The children are driven to the crèches in Porrentruy or Chevenez (municipality of Haute-Ajoie). Currently, the municipality of Haute-Ajoie is elaborating a study in order to improve the offer in this sector. With regard to primary schools, the smallest municipalities work together (Schulkreise) which means that two classes of one levels are located in one municipality, the next two classes in another municipality and so on. Fontenais, Haute- Ajoie and Porrentruy have their own primary schools from Harmos5 level 1 to 8. From level 9 to 11 (secondary school) pupils are instructed in Porrentruy. The secondary school in Porrentruy is owned by the district. The school transport is performed in most cases by postal busses (see synergy). A special offer to mention is the Bibliobus de l'université Populaire Jurassienne (bibliothèque mobile). Every day the bus stops in a municipality without library.
5 The HarmoS Agreement harmonises the duration of the compulsory education (8 years of primary level, including two years of kindergarten or a first learning cycle (level 1-8) and 3 years of lower-secondary education (9-11).
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The canton and the municipalities provide social services. Some mayors identify shortages in the social service mainly due to an insufficient communication between the cantonal social service and the municipalities. So-called round tables constituted by representatives of municipalities and the canton of Jura shall improve the communication.
The situation in the field of telecommunication is satisfying. All households have access to broadband. The mayors stated that the investments have to be increased in future in order to keep up with the technological progress. When asked, “What initiatives need to be considered, to make politicians aware of the need to enhance the accessibility and quality of this SGI in peripheral or rural areas? The mayors answer that for most of the sectors no measures are needed, since the canton of Jura is a small canton, everyone knows everybody. Even the mayor of a small community knows the ministers personally. So all political levels are aware of the needs of peripheral and rural areas.
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4 Reference
Burgdorf, M., Krischausky, G., Müller-Kleißler, R., 2015b: Kennzahlen in der Daseinsvorsorge, BMVI (Hrsg.), BMVI-Online-Publikation 01/2015.
Eurac Research 2017: Projekte MONAS – Monitoring the Alpine Space und AGRALP – Entwicklung der Agrarstrukturen im Alpenraum, alpenweite Gemeindedaten basierend auf den folgenden offiziellen statistischen Daten: Statistik Austria (1980): Land- und Forstwirtschaftliche Betriebszählung 1980. Wien; Statistik Austria (2012): Agrarstrukturerhebung 2010. Betriebsstrukturerhebung, Schnellbericht 1.17. Wien; Statistik Austria (2010): Agrarstrukturerhebung 2010. Wien; Bundesamt für Statistik Schweiz (1980): Landwirtschaftliche Betriebszählung 1980. Neuchâtel; Bundesamt für Statistik Schweiz (2010): Landwirtschaftliche Betriebsstrukturerhebung 2010. Neuchâtel; Bundesamt für Statistik Schweiz (2013): Arealstatistik Gemeindetabellen 2004-2009, 1979-1985 (revidierte Daten), 1992-1997 (revidierte Daten). Neuchâtel; Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik und Datenverarbeitung (1979): Landwirtschaftszählung 1979; Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (2010): Invekos-Daten 2010; Service de la statistique et de la prospective du Ministère de l'Agriculture, de l'Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt (AGRESTE) (1979, 2010): Recensement généraux de l’agriculture 1979, 2010. Paris; Service de la statistique et de la prospective du Ministère de l'Agriculture, de l'Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt (AGRESTE) 2010. Paris; Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT): Censimento generale dell’agricoltura 1980, 2010. Roma; Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (1981): Agricultural Statistics 1981. Ljubljana; Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia (2010): Agriculture Census 2010. Ljubljana.
Gløersen, E. et al., Research for REGI Committee- Services of General Interest in the Funding Period 2014-2020 (Study). European Parliament, Directorate-General for Internal Policies, 2016.
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