Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 4114 Edited by J. G. Carbonell and J. Siekmann Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science De-Shuang Huang Kang Li George William Irwin (Eds.) Computational Intelligence International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2006 Kunming, China, August 16-19, 2006 Proceedings, Part II 13 Series Editors Jaime G. Carbonell, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Jörg Siekmann, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany Volume Editors De-Shuang Huang Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Intelligent Machines Hefei, Anhui, China E-mail: [email protected] Kang Li George William Irwin Queen’s University Belfast, UK E-mail: {K.Li,G.Irwin}@qub.ac.uk Library of Congress Control Number: 2006930737 CR Subject Classification (1998): I.2.3, I.2, F.4.1, F.1, I.5, F.2, G.2, I.4 LNCS Sublibrary: SL 7 – Artificial Intelligence ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN-10 3-540-37274-1 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-37274-5 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Printed in Germany Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Scientific Publishing Services, Chennai, India Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 11816171 06/3142 543210 Preface The International Conference on Intelligent Computing (ICIC) was formed to provide an annual forum dedicated to the emerging and challenging topics in artificial intelligence, machine learning, bioinformatics, and computational biology, etc. It aims to bring together researchers and practitioners from both academia and industry to share ideas, problems and solutions related to the multifaceted aspects of intelligent computing. ICIC 2006 held in Kunming, Yunnan, China, August 16-19, 2006, was the second International Conference on Intelligent Computing, built upon the success of ICIC 2005 held in Hefei, China, 2005. This year, the conference concentrated mainly on the theories and methodologies as well as the emerging applications of intelligent computing. It intended to unify the contemporary intelligent computing techniques within an integral framework that highlights the trends in advanced computational intelligence and bridges theoretical research with applications. In particular, bio-inspired computing emerged as having a key role in pursuing for novel technology in recent years. The resulting techniques vitalize life science engineering and daily life applications. In light of this trend, the theme for this conference was “Emerging Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications”. Papers related to this theme were especially solicited, including theories, methodologies, and applications in science and technology. ICIC 2006 received over 3000 submissions from 36 countries and regions. All papers went through a rigorous peer review procedure and each paper received at least three review reports. Based on the review reports, the Program Committee finally selected 703 high-quality papers for presentation at ICIC 2006. These papers cover 29 topics and 16 special sessions, and are included in five volumes of proceedings published by Springer, including one volume of Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), one volume of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (LNAI), one volume of Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics (LNBI), and two volumes of Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences (LNCIS). This volume of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (LNAI) includes 165 papers covering 7 relevant topics and 9 special session topics. The organizers of ICIC 2006, including Yunan University, the Institute of Intelligent Machines of the Chinese Academy of Science, and Queen’s University Belfast, have made enormous effort to ensure the success of ICIC 2006. We hereby would like to thank the members of the ICIC 2006 Advisory Committee for their guidance and advice, the members of the Program Committee and the referees for their collective effort in reviewing and soliciting the papers, and the members of the Publication Committee for their significant editorial work. We would like to thank Alfred Hofmann, executive editor from Springer, for his frank and helpful advice and guidance throughout and for his support in publishing the proceedings in the Lecture Notes series. In particular, we would like to thank all the authors for contributing their papers. Without the high-quality submissions from the authors, the success of the conference would not have been possible. Finally, we are especially grateful to the VI Preface IEEE Computational Intelligence Society, The International Neural Network Society and the National Science Foundation of China for the their sponsorship. June 2006 De-Shuang Huang Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Kang Li Queen’s University Belfast, UK George William Irwin Queen’s University Belfast, UK ICIC 2006 Organization General Chairs: De-Shuang Huang, China Song Wu, China George W. Irwin, UK International Advisory Committee Aike Guo, China Mengchu Zhou, USA Stephen Thompson, UK Alfred Hofmann, Germany Michael R. Lyu, Tom Heskes, Netherlands DeLiang Wang, USA Hong Kong Xiangfan He, China Erke Mao, China MuDer Jeng, Taiwan Xingui He, China Fuchu He, China Nanning Zheng, China Xueren Wang, China George W. Irwin, UK Okyay Knynak, Turkey Yanda Li, China Guangjun Yang, China Paul Werbos, USA Yixin Zhong, China Guanrong Chen, Qingshi Zhu, China Youshou Wu, China Hong Kong Ruwei Dai, China Yuanyan Tang, Guoliang Chen, China Sam Shuzhi GE, Hong Kong Harold Szu, USA Singapore Yunyu Shi, China John L. Casti, USA Sheng Zhang, China Zheng Bao, China Marios M. Polycarpou, Shoujue Wang, China USA Songde Ma, China Program Committee Chairs: Kang Li, UK Prashan Premaratne, Australia Steering Committee Chairs: Sheng Chen, UK Xiaoyi Jiang, Germany Xiao-Ping Zhang, Canada Organizing Committee Chairs: Yongkun Li, China Hanchun Yang, China Guanghua Hu, China Special Session Chair: Wen Yu, Mexico Tutorial Chair: Sudharman K. Jayaweera, USA VIII Organization Publication Chair: Xiaoou Li, Mexico International Liasion Chair: C. De Silva, Liyanage, New Zealand Publicity Chairs: Simon X.Yang, Canada Jun Zhang, China Exhibition Chair: Cheng Peng, China Program Committee Aili Han, China Guangrong Ji, China Michael Granitzer, Austria Arit Thammano, Thailand Hairong Qi, USA Michael J.Watts, Baogang Hu, China Hong Qiao, China New Zealand Bin Luo, China Hong Wang, China Michiharu Maeda, Japan Bin Zhu, China Hongtao Lu, China Minrui Fei, China Bing Wang, China Hongyong Zhao, China Muhammad Jamil Anwas, Bo Yan, USA Huaguang Zhang, China Pakistan Byoung-Tak Zhang, Hui Wang, China Muhammad Khurram Korea Jiangtao Xi, Australia Khan, China Caoan Wang, Canada Jianguo Zhu, Australia Naiqin Feng, China Chao Hai Zhang, Japan Jianhua Xu, China Nuanwan Soonthornphisaj, Chao-Xue Wang, China Jiankun Hu, Australia Thailand Cheng-Xiang Wang, UK Jian-Xun Peng, UK Paolo Lino, Italy Cheol-Hong Moon, Korea Jiatao Song, China Peihua Li, China Chi-Cheng Cheng, Taiwan Jie Tian, China Ping Guo, China Clement Leung, Australia Jie Yang, China Qianchuan Zhao, China Daniel Coca, UK Jin Li, UK Qiangfu Zhao, Japan Daqi Zhu, China Jin Wu, UK Qing Zhao, Canada David Stirling, Australia Jinde Cao, China Roberto Tagliaferri, Italy Dechang Chen, USA Jinwen Ma, China Rong-Chang Chen, Taiwan Derong Liu, USA Jochen Till, Germany RuiXiang Sun, China Dewen Hu, China John Q. Gan, UK Saeed Hashemi, Canada Dianhui Wang, Australia Ju Liu, China Sanjay Sharma, UK Dimitri Androutsos, K. R. McMenemy, UK Seán McLoone, Ireland Canada Key-Sun Choi, Korea Seong G. Kong, USA Donald C. Wunsch, USA Liangmin Li, UK Shaoning Pang, Dong Chun Lee, Korea Luigi Piroddi, Italy New Zealand Du-Wu Cui, China Maolin Tang, Australia Shaoyuan Li, China Fengling Han, Australia Marko Hočevar, Slovenia Shuang-Hua Yang, UK Fuchun Sun, China Mehdi Shafiei, Canada Shunren Xia, China Girijesh Prasad, UK Mei-Ching Chen, Taiwan Stefanie Lindstaedt, Austria Guang-Bin Huang, Mian Muhammad Awais, Sylvia Encheva, Norway Singapore Pakistan Tai-hoon Kim, Korea Organization IX Tai-Wen Yue, Taiwan Wensheng Chen, China Yanhong Zhou, China Takashi Kuremoto, Japan Willi Richert, Germany Yi Shen, China Tarık Veli Mumcu, Worapoj Kreesuradej, Yong Dong Wu, Singapore Turkey Thailand Yuhua Peng, China Tian Xiang Mei, UK Xiao Zhi Gao, Finland Zengguang Hou, China Tim. B. Littler, UK Xiaoguang Zhao, China Zhao-Hui Jiang, Japan Tommy W. S. Chow, Xiaojun Wu, China Zhen Liu, Japan Hong Kong Xiaolong Shi, China Zhi Wang, China Uwe Kruger, UK Xiaoou Li, Mexico Zhi-Cheng Chen, China Vitoantonio Bevilacqua, Xinge You, Hong Kong Zhi-Cheng Ji, China Italy Xiwen Zhang, China Zhigang Zeng, China Wei Dong Chen, China Xiyuan Chen, China Ziping Chiang, Taiwan Wenming Cao, China Xun Wang, UK Reviewers Xiaodan Wang, Lei Wang, Arjun Chandra, Angelo Ciaramella, Adam Kalam, Arun Sathish, Ali Gunes, Jin Tang, Aiguo He, Arpad Kelemen, Andreas Koschan, Anis