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Medicinal Plant Diversity Across the Vallavilai Coastal Villages of Kanyakumari District

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Medicinal Plant Diversity Across the Vallavilai Coastal Villages of Kanyakumari District International Journal of Research and Review www.ijrrjournal.com E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237 Research Paper Medicinal Plant Diversity across the Vallavilai Coastal Villages of Kanyakumari District S. Jaya Kumar1, P. Rama Devi2, S.Rejitha1 1Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, Kanyakumari - 629 165, Tamil Nadu, India 2Aditanar College of Arts and Science, Tiruchendur - 628 216, Tamil Nadu, India Corresponding Author: P. Rama Devi ABSTRACT Present Study was conducted in the Vallavilai coastal Villages of Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India to document the Medicinal plant wealth. Taxonomically, a total of 76 plant species belonging to 65 genera and 38 families were recorded. Of these 34 (45%) were herbs, 19 (25%) were shrubs, 13 (17%) were trees and 10 (13%) were climbers/creepers. The plant parts used for the preparation of medicine, whole plants were found to be most frequently used for the preparation of remedies. The mode of preparations is paste, juice, decoction and powder. The medicinal plants of the study area have been used to treat 53 illnesses. The 53 various ailments against which ethnomedicinal treatments have been recorded in the study area can be grouped into 12 major categories of symptomatically and organ-system related diseases/problems. Key words: Ailments, coastal village, Medicinal plants, Vallavilai INTRODUCTION with 2.02 million km exclusive economic In traditional medicine, plants are zone and 0.13 million km continental shelf required as a major component to cure many (Khoshoo 1996) and it covers nine states diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and virus and two union territories. It has numerous in man. The World Health Organization lagoons, beaches, estuaries and mangrove (WHO) has estimated that 80% of the swamps, which is rich in living and non- populations of developing countries still living resources. Tamil Nadu coastal line rely on traditional medicines, mostly plant has a length of about 1076 km, it constitutes drugs, for their primary health care needs. about 15% of the total coastal length of India has rich plant diversity and is India. The coastal zone is an important one among the mega biodiversity countries biogeographically habitats of the Indian of the world. Indians have been using subcontinent (Rodgers and Panwar 1998). medicinal plants since antiquity and the Kanyakumari coastal line has a Ayurvedic methods date back to 5000 B.C. length of about 71.5 km. Coastal vegetation India is rich in its coastal population from contains many species of specific flora and the immemorial time with their traditional thus it is an ecological storehouse rich in knowledge system which deals with the biodiversity and also has high ecological many significant aspects and the health values. The coastal plants are also used for problems of coastal communities. The construction materials, fuel wood and many coastal population has their own herbal other purposes. The characteristic feature of homework to treat various diseases. India the coastal zone is the high population has a coastline of about 7516.6 km long density dominated by fisherman and coir International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 225 Vol.6; Issue: 9; September 2019 S. Jaya Kumar et.al. Medicinal Plant Diversity across the Vallavilai Coastal Villages of Kanyakumari District workers. Coastal sand dunes are the natural state. Kanyakumari coastal line has a length structures which protect the coastal of about 71.5 km. The location of the study environment by absorbing energy from area had latitude 8.28 and longitude 77.11. wind, tide and wave action. The plants are Climate and Soil playing a vital role in protecting the coast The climate of the district is warm from erosion and flooding. and humid. The annual rainfall varies from Kanyakumari district, the 89-254 cm, and maximum and minimum southernmost tip of Indian Peninsula, is temperatures were 24ºC - 28ºC in winter divided into four taluks namely: and 26ºC - 32ºC in summer respectively. Agastheeswaram, Kalkulam, Vilavancode Moisture content ranges from 65 to 75%. and Thovalai. The first three taluks are in The soil of the district is broadly classified the coastal belt with a length of 71.5 km into two major groups namely, Red and (India’s total coast line is 8118 km), having Alluvial soil. 47 coastal villages. These coastal villages Data Collection have a population of 1,48,539 fishermen, Regular field trips were made during forming 19 percent of the total fisherman the study period (November 2018 to March population (7,90,408) in Tamil Nadu. 2019). The information was collected from Hence the present study was the coastal people. A total of 25 were undertaken to document the ethnomedicinal interviewed and obtained information’s, wisdom of Vallavilai village, to assess the mainly concerning their knowledge on medicinal plant diversity of Coastal line and medicine from the plants and their parts, to enumerate information about local names etc. The biological information morphologically useful parts of the of the studied plant material was recorded in medicinal plants to cure various ailments. the field note book. Informants were asked Vallavilai is a coastal Village on the shore to guide as to the places where these plants of the Arabian Sea in Kanyakumari district, grow or to bring the drug they use. The Tamil Nadu, India. It was situated near the medicinal uses of plants were checked border of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. This through the literature available. The village is the part of Kollemcode Panchayat. medicinal property of each plant was accepted as valid if atleast five separate MATERIALS AND METHODS informants had a similar opinion. Study Area The prepared herbarium and the The present study was conducted in specimens were carefully examined for the the Vallavilai coastal village. This village morphology differences the different genera comes under Kollemcode Panchayat of and the taxonomic characters that Vilavancode Taluk. This village has coastal distinguished each species of the same Villages on the shore of the Arabian Sea in genus. To identify the species Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. It taxonomically, regional and local flora were was situated near the border with Tamil referred (Gamble 1915-1936; Matthew Nadu and Kerala on north-west to 1999; Matthew 1982, 1983; Nair 2006). The Kanyakumari and southwest to Trivandrum. boucher specimens were processed in the These villages are located nearly 70 km customary way and deposited in the from Kanyakumari and 30 km from herbarium of Botany, Nesamony Memorial Trivandrum. Kanyakumari district is Christian college, Marthandam. situated in the Southernmost tip of Tamil A systematic enumeration of Nadu, Southern Peninsular India (77° 15ʹ- medicinal plants has been arranged in 77° 30ʹ E, 8° 30ʹ-8° 15ʹ N), located in the alphabetical order. However botanical part of Southern Western Ghats. It occupies name, family, local name, common name an area of about 1684 sq.km, which is 1.29 where ever available, habit, growth form, percent of the total geographical area of the useful parts followed by medicinal uses. International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 226 Vol.6; Issue: 9; September 2019 S. Jaya Kumar et.al. Medicinal Plant Diversity across the Vallavilai Coastal Villages of Kanyakumari District The arrangement of families of angiosperms family. Geographical maps are provided for is based on APG IV system of classification the location of the Vallavilai Village, with necessary alterations. All the species Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. are arranged alphabetically under each Plate 1: Map showing the Study Area RESULTS families (Table 2). Based on the growth The ecosystem of Coastal villages is forms, total of 27 annuals species (36%) and rich in important medicinal plant species. 49 perennials (64%) were recorded from the These plants are not only valuable as herbal study area. drugs but also significant as a source of Family wise distribution shows that food, fodder, spices etc. The ethnobotanical Leguminosae and Malvaceae was the information gathered from the study area of dominant families represented by Vallavilai Coastal village. Leguminosae have 7 species under 6 genera, Diversity of Ethnomedicinal Plants Malvaceae have 7 species under 5 genera, Taxonomically, a total of 76 plant followed by Lamiaceae have 5 species species belonging to 65 genera and 38 under 5 genera, Amaranthaceae, families were recorded. Of these 34 (45%) Compositae, Euphorbiaceae and Solanaceae were herbs, 19 (25%) were shrubs, 13 having 4 species each, Acanthaceae, (17%) were trees and 10 (13%) were Apocynaceae, Cleomaceae and climbers/creepers. Plant species, which are Cucurbitaceae having 3 species each, used in traditional medicine, are enumerated Combretaceae and Convolvulaceae having 2 alphabetically according to their binomial species each, whereas 25 families names, followed by family names (Table 1). (Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Arecaceae, Of the 76 taxa, dicots were represented by Caricaceae, Commelinaceae, 69 species belonging to 31 families and Dioscoreaceae, Lythraceae, Meliaceae, monocots by 7 species belonging to 7 Molluginaceae, Moraceae, Moringaceae, International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 227 Vol.6; Issue: 9; September 2019 S. Jaya Kumar et.al. Medicinal Plant Diversity across the Vallavilai Coastal Villages of Kanyakumari District Musaceae, Myrtaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Sapotaceae, Talinaceae, Verbenaceae, Oleaceae, Pandanaceae, Passifloraceae,
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